Deck 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?

A) Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems
B) Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems
C) Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues
D) Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of organelles?

A) They carry on specific activities.
B) They are only in cells of humans.
C) They are composed of aggregates of large molecules.
D) They are found in many types of cells.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Metabolism is defined as _____.

A) the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions
B) the breakdown of substances into simpler forms
C) the taking in of nutrients
D) all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because

A) physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.
B) physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
C) body parts take up space.
D) our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.

Question 5

Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form

A) tissues, which build organs.
B) organs, which build tissues.
C) organ systems, which build tissues.
D) atoms, which comprise tissues.

Question 6

Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism?

A) Responsiveness
B) Movement
C) Reproduction
D) Respiration

Question 7

Which of the following processes is most important to continuation of the human species?

A) Responsiveness
B) Movement
C) Reproduction
D) Respiration

Question 8

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)

A) anatomist.
B) physiologist.
C) chemist.
D) biochemist.

Question 9

The term "physiology" is related to

A) the Latin for "physical shape."
B) the structure of internal organs.
C) the Greek for "cutting up."
D) the Greek for "relationship to nature."

Question 10

Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body?

A) Shivering when body temperature falls below normal.
B) Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
C) Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid.
D) Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?

A) Responsiveness-obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food
B) Assimilation-sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them
C) Respiration-changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids
D) Circulation-the movement of substances in body fluids

Question 12

The activities of an anatomist consist of ______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of _____.

A) observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
B) conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations
C) studying molecules; observing forms of the body parts
D) sketching; dissecting

Question 13

The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates

A) circulation.
B) respiration.
C) responsiveness.
D) absorption.

Question 14

Assimilation is

A) changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms.
B) breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb.
C) eliminating waste from the body.
D) an increase in body size without a change in overall shape.

Question 15

Homeostasis is the

A) inability to keep body weight within normal limits.
B) decrease in room temperature because a window is open.
C) ingestion of more food than you need to eat.
D) tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 16

The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is

A) metabolism.
B) absorption.
C) assimilation.
D) excretion.

Question 17

The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to

A) the Greek word for "function."
B) the name of the first anatomist.
C) the Greek word for "cutting up."
D) the function of internal organs.

Question 18

Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n)

A) organ system.
B) organ.
C) tissue.
D) molecule.

Question 19

In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is

A) the atom.
B) the molecule.
C) the macromolecule.
D) the cell.

Question 20

The recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine that detect sweetness illustrates that

A) chemical responses occur in only one part of the body.
B) new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
C) everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered.
D) the molecular and cellular levels are of little interest in anatomy and physiology.

Question 21

In negative feedback mechanisms, changes away from the normal state

A) stimulate changes in the same direction.
B) inhibit all body reactions.
C) stimulate changes in the opposite direction.
D) stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body.

Question 22

An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of "advanced maternal age." The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair, buys a miniskirt, and signs up for botox injections to smooth the tiny lines near her eyes. She is misinterpreting the doctor's statement because it referred to

A) the age of the sperm.
B) the age of her eggs.
C) her risk of developing diabetes.
D) her cholesterol level, not her appearance.

Question 23

Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism?

A) Maintaining blood pressure
B) Uterine contractions during childbirth
C) Body temperature control
D) Control of blood sugar

Question 24

Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?

A) Nitrogen
B) Wastes
C) Water
D) Carbon dioxide

Question 25

Positive feedback mechanisms

A) cause long-term changes.
B) move conditions away from the normal state.
C) bring conditions back to the normal state.
D) usually produce stable conditions.

Question 26

A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of

A) a positive feedback mechanism.
B) a negative feedback mechanism.
C) a process turning itself off.
D) nervous system communication.

Question 27

Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system?

A) The uterus
B) The uterine tube
C) The vulva
D) The bulbourethral gland

Question 28

Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce

A) changes returning values toward a set point.
B) stable conditions around a set point.
C) unstable conditions.
D) long-term changes.

Question 29

Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________.

A) decrease steadily
B) remain within certain limited ranges
C) increase when the body is stressed
D) fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

Question 30

Which of the following is true concerning the female reproductive system?

A) It produces female sex cells.
B) It transports the female sex cells.
C) It can support the development of an embryo.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

A parietal layer of a serous membrane _______, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________.

A) covers organs; lines cavities
B) lines cavities; covers organs
C) secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus
D) secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

Question 32

Cell death first occurs

A) at age 60.
B) at age 50.
C) at puberty.
D) in the fetus.

Question 33

Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A) The heart
B) The trachea
C) The thymus
D) The liver

Question 34

Blood cells are produced in the organs of the _______ system.

A) endocrine
B) skeletal
C) respiratory
D) muscular

Question 35

The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the

A) visceral pleura.
B) parietal pleura.
C) visceral pericardium.
D) parietal pericardium.

Question 36

Which action is the main function of the digestive system?

A) Formation of cells
B) Movement of body parts
C) Absorption of nutrients
D) Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients

Question 37

Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires

A) positive feedback mechanisms.
B) an unstable outside environment.
C) decreased atmospheric pressure.
D) negative feedback mechanisms.

Question 38

Wrinkled and sagging skin results from

A) drinking too much water.
B) heredity only.
C) loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen.
D) excess subcutaneous fat.

Question 39

The thoracic cavity lies _____________ the abdominopelvic cavity.

A) dorsal (posterior) to
B) ventral (anterior) to
C) superior to
D) inferior to

Question 40

Living organisms use oxygen to __________________.

A) reduce heat production
B) donate electrons for cellular metabolism
C) release energy stored in the molecules of food
D) remove metabolic wastes

Question 41

A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.

Question 42

Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to

A) distinguish between normal and cancerous tissue.
B) examine an injured knee.
C) obtain a sectional view of the brain.
D) do all of the above.

Question 43

We know all there is to know about the structure and function of the human body.

Question 44

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?

A) The head is facing to the front.
B) The palms are facing backward.
C) The body is erect.
D) The upper limbs are at the sides.

Question 45

Patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay reflect the health of the people of which they were a part.

Question 46

The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ____region.

A) hypochondriac
B) iliac
C) hypogastric
D) epigastric

Question 47

The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is

A) anterior.
B) proximal.
C) superficial.
D) superior.

Question 48

Cells with similar functions aggregate into organelles.

Question 49

Cadaver dissection is against the law in the United States.

Question 50

Magnetic resonance imaging uses

A) X rays.
B) a radio antenna.
C) radioisotopes.
D) high-frequency sound waves.

Question 51

One characteristic that centenarians share is

A) a high level of exercise throughout life.
B) long-lived relatives.
C) following the Mediterranean diet.
D) never having smoked.

Question 52

Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues.

Question 53

The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle greatly changed the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered.

Question 54

The field of medicine arose as early healers abandoned superstition and ideas about magic and started using natural chemicals and wondering why they were effective at treating illness.

Question 55

Ultrasonography is most useful for diagnostic examination of

A) dense organs, such as bones.
B) air-filled organs, such as lungs.
C) soft internal structures, such as fetuses.
D) microscopic structures.

Question 56

The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology.

Question 57

Macromolecules are built of atoms.

Question 58

Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be

A) bisexual.
B) bilingual.
C) bilateral.
D) bivalent.

Question 59

Which of the following are vital signs?

A) Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate
B) Appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level
C) Body weight, age, gender
D) Visual acuity and auditory sharpness

Question 60

An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a __________ section.

A) frontal
B) transverse
C) coronal
D) sagittal

Question 61

Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature.

Question 62

Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of an unstable internal environment.

Question 63

The anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned.

Question 64

The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.

Question 65

Chromosomes get longer as a cell ages.

Question 66

Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time.

Question 67

Ceroid pigments and lipofuscin accumulate with aging, impairing a cell's ability to withstand the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals.

Question 68

The digestive system filters wastes from the blood.

Question 69

The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane.

Question 70

Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide.

Question 71

The elbow is distal to the wrist.

Question 72

The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis.

Question 73

The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart.

Question 74

The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 75

The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.

Question 76

Aging begins in the fetus.

Question 77

The ears are lateral to the eyes.

Question 78

Metabolism consists of all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life.

Question 79

Kidneys are part of the lymphatic system.

Question 80

Oxygen is the primary raw material for new living material.