Deck 8: Motivating Performance

Question 1

Clayton Alderfer reorganized Maslow's needs hierarchy into three levels of needs: existence, relatedness, and growth.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One of the assumptions of the needs hierarchy theory is that people will be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need and a lower-level need simultaneously.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Hygienes are also called extrinsic factors because attempts to motivate come from outside the job itself.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Praise is a motivator (not a hygiene) because it meets employees' needs for esteem/self-actualization, growth, and achievement.

Question 5

Although cultural differences suggest that the order of hierarchy may vary across cultures, cultures do not differ in the extent to which they value need for achievement.

Question 6

The manifest needs theory is Maslow's theory of motivation, which is based on five needs.

Question 7

The content motivation theories focus on identifying people's needs in order to understand what motivates them.

Question 8

The needs hierarchy theory of motivation is primarily McClelland's classification of needs as achievement, power, and affiliation.

Question 9

Management by objectives (MBO) is the process in which managers and their employees jointly set objectives for the employees, periodically evaluate the performance, and reward according to the results.

Question 10

Motivation = Ability × Performance × Resources.

Question 11

The equity theory is primarily Adams's motivation theory, which is based on the comparison of perceived inputs and outputs.

Question 12

Motivation is the internal process leading to behavior to satisfy needs.

Question 13

To motivate, Herzberg says that you must first ensure that hygiene factors are adequate.

Question 14

Job design is the process of eliminating, combining, and/or changing the work sequence to increase performance.

Question 15

Extinction is used to provide an undesirable consequence for undesirable behavior.

Question 16

According to the needs hierarchy theory, the lowest-level unsatisfied need is the most powerful need.

Question 17

Objectives state how the task will be accomplished.

Question 18

According to the needs hierarchy theory, self-actualization is the most powerful need.

Question 19

One of the assumptions of the needs hierarchy theory is that people's needs are arranged in order of importance, going from basic needs to more complex needs.

Question 20

The expectancy theory, which is Vroom's formula, states that Performance = Expectancy × Valence.

Question 21

Performance = _____ × Motivation × Resources.

A) Capital
B) Ability
C) Mobility
D) Labor

Question 22

"If I had that machine, I could be just as fast as Chris is." Which of the following factors is a reason for low performance in this situation?

A) Resources
B) Money
C) Motivation
D) Ability

Question 23

Which of the following is an extrinsic factor according to Herzberg?

A) Growth
B) Self-actualization
C) Motivator
D) Hygiene

Question 24

"Although I put in more hours of work than Joseph, I can never do as well as him." Which of the following factors is a reason for this low performance?

A) Ability
B) Money
C) Motivation
D) Resources

Question 25

"I specialize in marketing and will not be able to work on this project as it is related to software programming." Which of the following factors is a reason for low performance in this situation?

A) Resources
B) Money
C) Motivation
D) Ability

Question 26

Which of the following is a major recommendation of the ERG theory?

A) Ego, status, and self-respect must be primarily looked after.
B) Employees' motivational process must be dominated by legal guidelines.
C) Employees' lower-level needs must be met.
D) Employees' higher-level needs have to be satisfied to keep them motivated.

Question 27

"I could get a better performance review if I worked harder. But, it is not worth the effort." Which of the following factors is a reason for low performance in this situation?

A) Ability
B) Money
C) Motivation
D) Resources

Question 28

_____ is the internal process leading to behavior to satisfy needs.

A) Motivation
B) Leadership
C) Trustworthiness
D) Necessity

Question 29

"Donald is a creative person and I have placed him with the promotions team so his drive is channelized properly." Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?

A) Expectancy theory
B) Equity theory
C) Reinforcement theory
D) ERG theory

Question 30

Which of the following needs are the most important to an individual?

A) Self-actualization
B) Physiological needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Safety needs

Question 31

"Dennis is trained and has all the means to complete the project, yet he seems distracted." Which of the following factors is a reason for his low performance?

A) Ability
B) Money
C) Resources
D) Motivation

Question 32

"The delay in the procurement and installation of the new server has stalled our progress." Which of the following factors is a reason for low performance in this situation?

A) Ability
B) Motivation
C) Resources
D) Creativity

Question 33

_____ motivation theories focus on identifying people's needs in order to understand what motivates them.

A) Reinforcement
B) Process
C) Content
D) Product

Question 34

"Our company provides good salary packages and congenial working conditions." Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?

A) Expectancy theory
B) Manifest needs theory
C) Two-factor theory
D) Needs Hierarchy theory

Question 35

"Although Norman is capable of doing very well, he doesn't seem to focus on his work." Which of the following factors is a reason for Norman's low performance?

A) Ability
B) Motivation
C) Money
D) Resources

Question 36

"We would be able to get more done if the computer was working." Which of the following factors is a reason for low performance in this situation?

A) Money
B) Resources
C) Motivation
D) Ability

Question 37

Which of the following is an assumption of Maslow's theory of motivation?

A) People's primary needs are focused on ego, status, self-respect, and recognition for accomplishments.
B) Regardless of the satisfaction of lower-level needs, people will be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need.
C) People's needs are classified into two broad physiological and social categories.
D) People's needs are arranged in a hierarchy, going from physiological to self-actualization.

Question 38

Which of the following are the highest-level needs?

A) Self-actualization needs
B) Esteem needs
C) Physiological needs
D) Safety needs

Question 39

"The bakery round the corner is very good. Unfortunately, the owners cannot expand as they are unable to get more financing." Which of the following factors is a reason for low performance in this situation?

A) Resources
B) Money
C) Ability
D) Motivation

Question 40

Which of the following is a motivator according to Herzberg?

A) Esteem
B) Extrinsic factor
C) Social need
D) Hygiene

Question 41

"I am aware that Joe can work well without any assistance, therefore I let him manage projects single-handedly." Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?

A) Expectancy theory
B) Manifest needs theory
C) Equity theory
D) Reinforcement theory

Question 42

Which of the following is Herzberg's contention in his two-factor theory?

A) Providing extrinsic factors keeps people satisfied, which favorably affect productivity.
B) Providing hygiene factors keeps people from being dissatisfied, but it does not motivate people.
C) Providing intrinsic factors keeps people from being dissatisfied, but it does not motivate people.
D) Providing hygiene factors keeps people from being dissatisfied, and it motivates them to do more.

Question 43

"I took my team to the beach resort last weekend. I had promised them I would on the successful completion of the project. I am sure this will inspire them to keep up the good work." Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?

A) Expectancy theory
B) Needs hierarchy theory
C) Equity theory
D) Reinforcement theory

Question 44

The _____ theory of motivation is primarily McClelland's classification of needs as achievement, power, and affiliation.

A) ERG
B) needs hierarchy
C) manifest needs
D) two-factor

Question 45

The expectancy theory, states that Motivation = Expectancy × _____.

A) Intrinsic factors
B) Resources
C) Valence
D) Performance

Question 46

"Tim wants to become a manager in two years and is focusing on his work while developing skills." Which of the following factors is a motivator for Tim?

A) Extrinsic
B) Hygienes
C) Social
D) Self-actualization

Question 47

"I keep my employees' morale high by treating them impartially." Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?

A) Expectancy theory
B) Needs hierarchy theory
C) Equity theory
D) Two-factor theory

Question 48

"I ensure that Wilma is given work that challenges her intellect and gives her a sense of achievement on completion." Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?

A) Expectancy theory
B) Manifest needs theory
C) Two-factor theory
D) Reinforcement theory

Question 49

Under Victor Vroom's expectancy theory, motivation depends on:

A) the availability of resources.
B) the degree to which people's physiological needs are met.
C) the increased responsibility for doing new things.
D) how much people want something and how likely they are to get it.

Question 50

People with a high need for achievement tend to be characterized as:

A) wanting to take personal responsibility for solving problems.
B) wanting influence or control over others.
C) enjoying competition in which they can win.
D) seeking close relationships with others.

Question 51

_____ theory focuses on getting people to do what you want them to do through incentives.

A) Content motivation
B) Needs hierarchy
C) Reinforcement
D) Product

Question 52

People with a high need for affiliation tend to be characterized as:

A) seeking challenge, excellence, and individuality.
B) wanting influence or control over others.
C) seeking to belong.
D) taking calculated, moderate risks.

Question 53

_____ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability (probability) to accomplish an objective.

A) Expectancy
B) Valence
C) Instrumentality
D) Nonchalance

Question 54

"Irene travels for an hour on the highway to get to work. The car she drives is unsafe because it is rickety and old. Ideally Irene should change her car." Irene's need can be classified under which of the following factors?

A) Intrinsic
B) Hygiene
C) Motivator
D) Self-actualization

Question 55

Which of the following is most appropriate in motivating employees with a high need for achievement?

A) Assigning a whole task to them rather than just part of a task
B) Delegating responsibility to them for orienting and training new employees
C) Giving them lots of praise and recognition
D) Continually giving them increased responsibility for doing new things

Question 56

People with a high need for power tend to be characterized as:

A) wanting to take personal responsibility for solving problems.
B) wanting to control the situation.
C) enjoying lots of social activities.
D) seeking close relationships with others.

Question 57

Which of the following theorists believed that needs are based on personality and are developed as people interact with the environment?

A) Maslow
B) Alderfer
C) Herzberg
D) McClelland

Question 58

_____ is the perception of the relationship between performance and the outcome or reward.

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Valence
D) Nonchalance

Question 59

The _____ theory, which is Vroom's formula, states that Motivation = Expectancy × Valence.

A) valence
B) expectancy
C) motivation
D) equity

Question 60

Which of the following theories attempts to understand how and why people are motivated?

A) Process motivation theory
B) Equity theory
C) Content motivation theory
D) Reinforcement theory

Question 61

_____ is the process in which managers and their employees jointly set goals for the employees, periodically evaluate the performance, and reward according to the results.

A) Onboarding
B) Program evaluation
C) Management by objectives
D) Business mapping

Question 62

_____ is the employee's system for transforming inputs into outputs.

A) Job design
B) Job transformation
C) Job rotation
D) Job enlargement

Question 63

What reinforcement type(s) and schedule(s) does/did your present/past supervisor use to motivate you? Explain each. How can you use reinforcement to motivate employees?

Question 64

Which of the following isB.F. Skinner's contention in his reinforcement theory?

A) People's behavior is learned through experiences of positive and negative consequences.
B) People seek social equity in the rewards they receive for their performance.
C) Providing hygiene factors keeps people from being dissatisfied, but it does not motivate people.
D) Motivation depends on how much people want something and how likely they are to get it.

Question 65

"I give away raffle tickets to employees who are regular to work for a period of three months, and announce winners in the third month." Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?

A) Expectancy theory
B) Needs hierarchy theory
C) Equity theory
D) Reinforcement theory

Question 66

In Self-Assessment Exercise 8-1, did you select motivators or hygienes as being important to you? Explain.

Question 67

Describe how to simplify a present or past job of yours. Does an elimination, combination, or change in sequence help simplify the job?

Question 68

_____ is the process of building motivators into the job itself by making it more interesting and challenging.

A) Job creation
B) Job enlargement
C) Job rotation
D) Job enrichment

Question 69

Give an example of how equity theory has affected your motivation. How can you use equity theory to motivate employees?

Question 70

Describe how to enrich a present or past job of yours.

Question 71

Which of the following objectives is set using the Douglas model?

A) To learn how to swim at the club after work
B) To join yoga classes in the evenings
C) To conduct a meeting on interpersonal communication
D) To complete 100 pages of the novel by the 24^th of this month

Question 72

Give an example of how expectancy theory has affected your motivation. How can you use expectancy theory to motivate employees?

Question 73

What is your motivation theory? What are the major methods, techniques, and so on you plan to use on the job as a manager to increase motivation and performance?

Question 74

Which motivation theory is the best? Explain why.

Question 75

Which of the following is the final step of the self-motivation model?

A) Set objectives
B) Reinforce results
C) Measure results
D) Develop plans

Question 76

Explain how your personal n-Ach, n-Pow, and n-Aff affect your motivation, behavior, and performance. How can you use manifest needs theory to motivate employees?

Question 77

Which of the following is the correct way of giving praise according to Ken Blanchard and Spencer Johnson's technique of one minute of praise?

A) "Sam, I saw your work with the new promo. Good work." Gives Sam a thumbs up.
B) "Sam, everyone's very happy with your work. Keep it up." Pats Sam on the back.
C) "Sam, you did a very good job with the new promotional design. It projects our company in very good light." Pauses for a moment and says, "Thanks Sam. Keep it coming."
D) "Sam, no one could've done it better. Thanks." Shakes Sam's hand.

Question 78

Which of the following is the first step in giving praise?

A) Encourage repeat performance.
B) Tell the person exactly what was done correctly.
C) Start by telling the person why the behavior is important.
D) Acknowledge by shaking hands.

Question 79

Give an example of how you have gone through the motivation process. Identify the need, motive, behavior, and satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Question 80

_____ states that behavior can be controlled through the use of positive or negative consequences.

A) Content motivation theory
B) Process motivation theory
C) Product theory
D) Reinforcement theory