Deck 28: Respiratory System Peak Performance

Question 1

The spiracles of an insect would most closely be associated with which of the following human respiratory structures?

A)mouth
B)bronchioles
C)trachea
D)bronchi
E)alveoli

Answer 1

mouth

Question 2

What is the primary function of the combined respiratory system structures?

Answer 2

The primary function is to allow organisms to take in oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide.

Question 3

The major respiratory organ in humans is the _____.

A) pharynx
B) lung
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) voice box

Answer 3

lung

Question 4

A respiratory system is composed of

A) the lungs.
B) trachea.
C) bronchi.
D) alveoli.
E) All of the above.

Question 5

A(n)___________ motion of the diaphragm creates a decreasing pressure that results in __________.

A)downward; inhalation
B)upward; exhalation
C)downward; exhalation
D)undulating; inhalation
E)undulating; exhalation

Question 6

Trachea and tracheoles of an insect tracheal respiratory system are most closely associated with which part of the human respiratory system?

A) mouth and lungs
B) trachea and larynx
C) bronchi and bronchioles
D) alveoli and bronchioles
E) bronchioles and alveoli

Question 7

Exhalation involves which of the following?

A) increase in lung air pressure
B) upward movement of the diaphragm
C) relaxation of the diaphragm and rib cage muscles
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C all are involved.

Question 8

Diaphragm and rib cage muscle movement in a human is replaced by what air volume control mechanism in insects?

A) The movement of the body surface compresses and expands the tracheal tube system to ventilate air.
B) The spiracles are able to adjust to ventilate air.
C) Carbon dioxide and oxygen are able to diffuse directly into the muscle cells of the insect so there is no need to ventilate air.
D) Tracheoles are able to contract their muscles to ventilate air.
E) Insects are not capable of forced movement of air at any time.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order of respiratory tubes air would follow during inhalation?

A) mouth→larynx→trachea→pharynx→bronchi→bronchioles→alveoli
B) mouth→larynx→pharynx→trachea→bronchi→bronchioles→alveoli
C) mouth→larynx→pharynx→trachea→bronchioles→bronchi→alveoli
D) mouth→pharynx→larynx→trachea→bronchi→bronchioles→alveoli
E) mouth→pharynx→trachea→larynx→bronchioles→bronchi→alveoli

Question 10

Describe the respiratory system structure that dictates the size of the respiratory surface,and why must that surface area be so large?

Question 11

Which of the following dictate the respiratory surface of a fish?

A) the volume of water over the lungs
B) the size and number of gill filaments
C) the size of the operculum
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C all dictate respiratory surface.

Question 12

What is the last single airway passage from the outside environment prior to branching between two major bronchi?

A) pharynx
B) bronchi
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) throat

Question 13

Which muscles are primarily responsible for the ventilation of our lungs?

A) rib cage muscles
B) diaphragm
C) lung muscles
D) bronchial muscles
E) cavitation muscles

Question 14

The respiratory surface of a lung is dictated by which respiratory system structure?

A) bronchi
B) throat
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) bronchioles

Question 15

What structure of the respiratory system allows for air passage from the nose and mouth?

A)pharynx
B)bronchioles
C)trachea
D)larynx
E)bronchi

Question 16

The tiny air sacs that act as the primary site of gas exchange are termed _____.

A) pharynx
B) lungs
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) vocal chords

Question 17

How do the structure and function of the bronchioles dictate the eventual distribution of gasses to the alveoli,and why is this feature important?

Question 18

Which structure in the respiratory system also contains the vocal chords?

A) alveioli
B) bronchioles
C) lungs
D) larynx
E) bronchi

Question 19

Asthma is a disease that can affect the bronchioles.Why would new generation inhalers want to keep the size of the medicine-containing particles in the mist small?

Question 20

Inhalation involves which of the following?

A) relaxation of the diaphragm and rig cage muscles
B) a swallowing motion in the upper respiratory tract
C) an increase in outside air pressure
D) contraction of the diaphragm and rib cage muscles
E) upward movement of the diaphragm

Question 21

Humans upper respiratory system provides a way to balance the loss of water and to keep out dust.Which of the following insect respiratory structures function in the same manner?

A) spiracle
B) trachea
C) tracheoles
D) body wall surface
E) antennae

Question 22

Describe the gas exchange diffusion process that occurs at the respiratory surface.

Question 23

Blood being pumped by the heart is circulated in two circuits.One circuit carries blood with high levels of _____________ to the lungs,and the other circuit carries blood with high levels of _____________to the body.

A) oxygen; carbon dioxide
B) oxygen; oxygen
C) carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide
D) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
E) carbon dioxide; oxygen

Question 24

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which respiratory structure in a human?

A)brochioles
B)alveoli
C)bronchi
D)respiratory vessels
E)gill filaments

Question 25

Why will a fish out of water die?

A) The gas exchange system requires water over the gill filaments.
B) Carbon dioxide will build up in the blood of the fish.
C) There will be a lack of oxygen to key organ systems in the fish.
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C are all reasons

Question 26

In fish,_____________ in the gills allow for the absorption of oxygen from water and the elimination of carbon dioxide.

A) capillaries
B) air pockets
C) operculum
D) ram ventilation
E) cardiorespiratory surfaces

Question 27

Which of the following fish organs is most closely related to the lungs of a human?

A) operculum
B) gill filaments
C) gills
D) fins for swimming
E) fish mouth

Question 28

Blood leaving the right side of heart is headed to ______________ for gas exchange.

A)the body
B)the aorta
C)the lungs
D)the left side of the heart
E)the coronary arteries

Question 29

Blood flow in the gill filament of a fish moves in the opposite direction of the water.Why does this flow make sense considering where the gas exchange is occurring?

Question 30

Ram ventilation in some fish requires an open mouth and constant movement to push water over the gills.How does this system of ventilation allow for an increased muscle ATP demand when the fish speeds up and a decrease in muscle ATP demands when the fish slows down?

Question 31

Why is there no need for insects to have a cardiovascular system to allow for gas exchange?

A) Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged directly at the muscle cells.
B) Diffusion of gasses occurs with the air directly.
C) Insect cells do not conduct aerobic respiration.
D) A and B only.
E) B and C only.

Question 32

Cellular respiration keeps the oxygen level in the tissue _______,which ________ diffusion rates of oxygen from the blood.

A)low; decreases
B)high; increases
C)low; increases
D)high; decreases
E)Levels of oxygen in the tissue have no effect on oxygen diffusion.

Question 33

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissue to the lungs by which blood component?

A) plasma
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) It forms air bubbles and moves through the cardiovascular system.
E) Carbon dioxide does not move into blood directly

Question 34

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which cardiovascular structure in both humans and fish?

A) capillaries
B) left atrium
C) aorta
D) pulmonary artery
E) filaments

Question 35

How do we get the correct amount of oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide removal from any particular tissue in the body if the process relies on diffusion?

Question 36

Why are gasses exchanged in the respiratory systems of insects and fish?

A)Insects and fish require oxygen as a reactant for cellular respiration.
B)Insects use nitrogen gasses as both a reactant and product of cellular respiration,and fish use oxygen as a reactant and carbon dioxide as a product of cellular respiration.
C)Insects and fish create carbon dioxide as a waste product of cellular respiration.
D)Both A and C.
E)All of the above are hurdles.

Question 37

What structural feature is shared by both capillaries and alveoli that aids in the exchange of gasses by diffusion?

A) Both have thin walls that are just nearly one cell thick.
B) Both have small plasma membranes.
C) Both are full of oxygen-depleted blood for gas exchange.
D) Both are supplied with osmotic pressure from the diaphragm.
E) Both are uniquely thick walled to allow quick diffusion of gasses.

Question 38

Provide two unique explanations as to why many experts consider the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system to be one system working together (sometimes termed the cardiorespiratory system).

Question 39

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which respiratory structure in a fish?

A) insect alveoli
B) gill filaments
C) tracheoles
D) bronchi
E) operculum

Question 40

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which respiratory structure in an insect?

A)insect alveoli
B)gill filaments
C)tracheoles
D)bronchi
E)spiracle

Question 41

Carbon dioxide moves through the cardiovascular system _____________.

A) in the form of carbonic acid
B) as gas bubbles
C) as oxygenated carbon
D) attached to hemoglobin
E) as dissolved carbon dioxide

Question 42

Which of the following increases the release of oxygen from hemoglobin in a tissue?

A) decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue due to use in cellular respiration
B) increased pH in the tissue due to repeated contractions
C) increase in temperature in the tissue due to repeated contractions
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C will each increase the release of oxygen.

Question 43

The body maintains oxygen-carrying homeostasis at high altitudes with which response?

A) increasing the heart rate
B) increasing the production of red blood cells
C) moving to lower altitudes
D) breathing harder to increase the barometric pressure
E) allowing blood to move slowly through the lungs

Question 44

Aerobic respiration powered by the oxygen supplied through the cardiovascular system produces what product necessary for the cell?

A) carbon dioxide
B) glucose
C) fermentation products
D) diffusion
E) ATP

Question 45

During strenuous exercise your tissues,specifically muscles,have high oxygen demands to perform aerobic cellular respiration.The temperature and pH of the blood alter the ability of oxygen to be carried and released by hemoglobin.Describe how pH and temperature would change during the exercise and how that would change the oxygen-carrying capability of the blood?

Question 46

Each alveolus is surrounded by which of the following cardiovascular structures?

A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) aorta
D) bronchioles
E) bronchiole veins

Question 47

What protein carries oxygen in erythrocytes,and how are its structure and function related?

Question 48

Describe how gas exchange in the lungs and in the tissues differs.

Question 49

What cardiovascular structure caries blood oxygenated in the lungs throughout the body?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) pulmonary artery
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above.

Question 50

An individual who lives on the coast takes a vacation in the mountains at high altitude.

A)What is the relationship between the barometric pressure at this altitude and the ability of this person to deliver oxygen in the blood?
B)What is the body's response to this change?

Question 51

What in the blood allows for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues?

A) plasma
B) white blood cells
C) platelets
D) red blood cells
E) erythrocytosis

Question 52

Some human populations that live at high altitudes are able to draw more air into their lungs to oxygenate the blood of the cardiovascular system.What genetic term describes this ability?

A) This ability has nothing to do with genetics.
B) traits
C) Mendelian genetics
D) adaptation
E) diffusion

Question 53

What sickness can develop when there is a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying iron available to make hemoglobin?

A) altitude sickness
B) recovery training
C) asthma
D) anemia
E) barometric sickness

Question 54

What sickness can develop when the oxygen-carrying homeostasis is abruptly altered due to a quick change in the partial pressure of oxygen?

A) altitude sickness
B) recovery training
C) asthma
D) anemia
E) barometric sickness

Question 55

When at high altitude,which of the following terms describes the specific pressure exerted by oxygen?

A) homeostasis
B) erythrocytes
C) partial pressure
D) barometric pressure
E) hypoxic pressure

Question 56

What provides the oxygen-carrying capability in the blood?

A) hemoglobin protein in the red blood cells
B) four heme groups in each of the hemoglobin proteins
C) Iron in each of the heme groups physically binds to oxygen.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C all provide oxygen-carrying capability.

Question 57

The cardiovascular system carries oxygen and carbon dioxide using which blood components?

Question 58

What stops oxygen from diffusing back into the lungs after it is in the blood?

A)Diffusion slows once there are equal concentrations in the blood and lungs.
B)The oxygen levels in the alveoli and blood move toward equilibrium.
C)The blood is flowing past the alveoli in capillaries and out to the heart.
D)Oxygen does diffuse back into the lungs in small amounts, but the overall movement of oxygen is from the high concentration in the lungs to the low concentration in the blood.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 59

Low partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere has what effect on the oxygen diffusion into the blood from alveoli?

A) The diffusion rate of oxygen into the blood is always constant and does not change due to a change in the number of available oxygen molecules in the alveolar air.
B) The diffusion rate is increased because there are more oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.
C) The diffusion rate is decreased because there are more oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.
D) The diffusion rate is increased because there are fewer oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.
E) The diffusion rate is decreased because there are fewer oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.

Question 60

Barometric pressure is typically measured in what units?

A) centimeters of mercury (cmHg)
B) millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
C) centimeters of helium (cmHe)
D) millimeters of helium (mmHe)
E) Barometric pressure is not measured but mathematically calculated.

Question 61

Altitude sickness is to low atmospheric oxygen as acidosis is to ______________.

A) low carbon dioxide levels in the blood
B) low carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
C) high oxygen levels in the blood
D) high carbon dioxide levels in the blood
E) low oxygen levels in the blood

Question 62

How does increasing the breathing rate alter the pH of the blood?

Question 63

The type of training regimen that uses altering exposure to different partial pressures of oxygen in order to increase oxygen delivery to the tissue is called ___________.

A) train high, live low
B) hypoxic conditions
C) partial pressure training
D) altitude training
E) live high, train lowA

Question 64

Describe two ethical controversies regarding the use of hypoxic chambers by athletes?

Question 65

Data shows that hypoxic training does result in increased oxygen uptake and better performance.However,what makes these studies hard to interpret?

A) a lack of a suitable control group
B) Training of any kind will result in increases in performance.
C) Statistical analysis cannot be performed on these studies.
D) A and B only.
E) A, B, and C all make these studies hard to interpret.

Question 66

There is _______________ between barometric pressure and partial pressure.

A)an inverse relationship
B)a direct relationship
C)a reverse relationship
D)no relationship
E)no difference

Question 67

Which hormone naturally stimulates the production of red blood cells?

A) erythropoietin
B) testosterone
C) estrogen
D) oxygone
E) progesterone

Question 68

What triggers the brain to increase contraction signals to the ventilation muscles?

A) High blood pH is sensed by the brain.
B) Low blood pH is sensed by the brain.
C) High carbon dioxide levels are measured by the brain.
D) Low carbon dioxide levels are measured by the brain.
E) The brain does not have the ability to directly detect changes in the blood.

Question 69

Why is the appearance of hypoxic rooms in training facilities for ordinary gym goers unlikely to be beneficial?

Question 70

An increased breathing rate is often associated with which of the following?

A) increased heart rate to deliver oxygen through the cardiovascular system
B) increased carbonic acid levels in the blood
C) decreased pH in the blood
D) increase in cellular respiration in the tissues
E) All of the above are associated with increased breathing rates.

Question 71

What physiological changes take place that make it better for athletes to live at high altitudes,and why is it better for them to train at sea level?

Question 72

What tissue would provide evidence for the increased production of red blood cells following doping with erythropoietin?

A) in the lungs of the individual
B) Increased red blood cells would be found in the kidneys because that is the site of natural erythropoietin.
C) The increase in red blood cells would be most obvious in the arterial blood supply and not the venous supply.
D) In the bone marrow there would be an increase in the number of immature red blood cells being produced.
E) There is no source of red blood cells to look at for a change in production.

Question 73

Which of the following are possible means to increase oxygen delivery to the tissue?

A) Increase the size of your respiratory surface through training.
B) Train and strengthen the muscles controlling the chest to increase lung volume.
C) Increase the number of red blood cells through stressing the respiratory system with hypoxic conditions.
D) B and C only are ways to increase oxygen delivery.
E) A, B, and C are all ways to increase oxygen delivery.

Question 74

The inability to perform carbon dioxide gas exchange in the lungs will lead to a condition called _____________.

A) serum sickness
B) erythrocytosis
C) acidosis
D) altitude sickness
E) sea sickness

Question 75

An increased breathing rate is most closely associated with which of the following?

A) the demand for oxygen
B) the demand for carbon dioxide
C) an increase in blood pH
D) an increase in blood carbon dioxide levels
E) a decrease in blood carbon dioxide levels

Question 76

What is the device that can simulate the "live high,train low" conditions in the comfort of your own home?

A) hypoxic chamber
B) altitude chamber
C) anaerobic chamber
D) high chamber
E) reverse chamber

Question 77

What organ responds to hypoxic conditions by producing a hormone that increases red blood cell production?

A) brain
B) testes or ovaries
C) lungs
D) cardiac tissues
E) kidneys

Question 78

Why does high altitude not affect sprint athletes as much as it does endurance athletes who have trained only at sea level?

Question 79

The "live high,train low" training regimen is built on what scientific knowledge of the respiratory system?

A) Red blood cell numbers go up at high altitudes.
B) Oxygen delivery is greatly increased with a high partial pressure of oxygen at sea level.
C) Carbon dioxide will not be produced in as high an amount at high altitude.
D) A and B only.
E) A, B, and C are all correct.

Question 80

Increased carbon dioxide triggers an increased breathing rate,so how does this relate to a potential oxygen demand?

A) Increased carbon dioxide is the product of increased cellular respiration.
B) Increased cellular respiration requires increased oxygen.
C) Increased carbon dioxide is controlled by the pH of the blood.
D) A and B only.
E) All of the above are ways the two are related.