Deck 3: Cell Function and Structure Wonder Drug

Question 1

What are the two fundamental ideas upon which the Cell Theory is based?

Answer 1

1)All living things are made of cells,and 2)all cells must come from the reproduction of existing cells.

Question 2

Which of the following are NOT composed of cells?

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) humans
D) plants
E) fungi

Answer 2

viruses

Question 3

According to the cell theory,all cells come from

A) an adaptation.
B) a common ancestor.
C) pre-existing cells.
D) a protocell.
E) endosymbiosis.

Answer 3

pre-existing cells.

Question 4

Mitochondria are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 5

Peptidoglycan cell walls are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 6

Which of the following has prokaryotic cells?

A) a plant
B) an organism with a nucleus
C) a bacterium
D) a human
E) Penicillium

Question 7

Which structure is found in prokaryotes and not in animal cells?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) DNA
D) cell wall
E) ribosomes

Question 8

Which of the following is absent in some kinds of living cells?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) ribosomes
D) nucleus
E) phospholipids

Question 9

Which feature is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) DNA
D) nucleus
E) ribosomes

Question 10

According to the cell theory,which of the following is NOT considered a living organism?

A) Influenza virus
B) protist
C) yeast
D) amoeba
E) diatoms

Question 11

Nuclei are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 12

Where is the genetic information of a prokaryotic organism stored?

A) in the cytoplasm
B) in the nucleus
C) in the ribosomes
D) on a DNA chromosome in the cytoplasm
E) on a chromosome in the nucleus

Question 13

DNA is found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 14

When observing a sample of cells through the microscope,presence of which of the following structures would indicate that you were observing a eukaryote and not a prokaryote?

A) cytoplasm
B) mitochondria
C) DNA
D) cell wall
E) ribosomes

Question 15

Ribosomes are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 16

Cell membranes are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 17

Cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles are referred to as being __________,whereas cells that do contain membrane-bound organelles are called __________.

Question 18

Which structure is found only in eukaryotes?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) DNA
D) nucleus
E) ribosomes

Question 19

According to the cell theory,all living organisms are composed of

A) DNA.
B) cells.
C) proteins.
D) macromolecules.
E) phospholipids.

Question 20

Under a microscope,a cell appears to have a nucleus.This eliminates which type of cell?

A) cheek cell
B) single-cell protist
C) animal cell
D) plant cell
E) bacterial cell

Question 21

The terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic relate to a substance's interaction with which molecule?

A) glucose
B) ATP
C) oxygen
D) phosphate
E) water

Question 22

Endoplasmic reticulum is found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 23

List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the following chart:

Question 24

The interior part of the bilayer in a cell membrane is hydro-_____.

Question 25

Ribosomes are necessary for:

A) DNA replication.
B) protein production.
C) transcription.
D) DNA elongation.
E) respiration.

Question 26

Ribosomes

A) read DNA.
B) make energy.
C) make proteins.
D) are the main component of cell walls.
E) are the main component of cell membranes.

Question 27

All of the following are true of the cell membrane EXCEPT

A) it is a boundary between the environment and the cytoplasm.
B) it is semipermeable.
C) it is stiff and rigid.
D) it is made of phospholipids.
E) it contains proteins that can transport nutrients in and out.

Question 28

What provides a boundary between the internal and external environment of all cells?

A) hydrophilic heads and hydrophilic tails
B) a phospholipid trilayer
C) a phospholipid bilayer
D) a phospholipid layer
E) hydrophobic heads and tails

Question 29

Phospholipids are

A) hydrophilic.
B) hydrophobic.
C) neutral.
D) partly hydrophilic and partly hydrophobic.
E) partly neutral and partly hydrophilic.

Question 30

The exterior surface of the bilayer in a cell membrane is hydro-_____.

Question 31

List at least three similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 32

All of the following have eukaryotic cells EXCEPT

A) animals.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) bacteria.
E) humans.

Question 33

Which statement about cell membranes is true?

A) They have hydrophilic tails.
B) They are made of proteins.
C) They are impermeable.
D) They are made up of a double phospholipid layer.
E) They have hydrophobic surfaces.

Question 34

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have all of the following in common EXCEPT

A) DNA.
B) a nucleus.
C) ribosomes.
D) a cell membrane.
E) cytoplasm.

Question 35

Fill in the following chart with the characteristics typical of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:

Question 36

The Golgi apparatus is found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 37

Proteins are made

A) by the nucleus.
B) only by eukaryotes.
C) by the Golgi apparatus.
D) by the ribosomes.
E) anywhere in the cytoplasm.

Question 38

Where in a prokaryotic cell would you find its DNA?

Question 39

The hydrophilic head of a phospholipid is composed of

A) a cholesterol group, a phosphate group, and a glycerol molecule.
B) a choline group, a phosphate group, and a glycerol molecule.
C) a cholesterol group, a phosphate group, and a glycine molecule.
D) a choline group, a phosphorous atom, and a glycerol molecule.
E) a choline group, a phosphorous atom, and a glycine molecule.

Question 40

A cell membrane is composed of

A) a layer of lipids.
B) a double layer of phospholipids.
C) proteins.
D) cell wall material.
E) a double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded in it.

Question 41

Circle one of each pair: Simple diffusion is the movement of small/large molecules that are hydrophilic/hydrophobic across a membrane from an area of lower/higher concentration to an area of lower/higher concentration which does/does not require energy.

Question 42

What were Fleming's initial observations about organisms on a Petri dish that led him to discover penicillin?

A) A zone of clearing formed around bacterial colonies.
B) Bacterial mycelium inhibited mold growth.
C) Fungal colonies grew around bacterial colonies.
D) Bacteria inhibited the growth of mold.
E) A mold inhibited the growth of bacterial colonies.

Question 43

Proteins that move large or hydrophilic molecules across a cell membrane are called ____ proteins.

A) transfer
B) osmotic
C) integral
D) transport
E) diffusion

Question 44

The process of molecules going against a concentration gradient that requires energy and a membrane protein is termed

A) active transport.
B) active diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) simple diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 45

Water crosses a semipermeable membrane to dilute a solute that is unable to cross the membrane.What is this process called?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated transport
C) osmosis
D) homeostasis
E) feedback regulation

Question 46

Water is a large molecule that crosses the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion.Cells living in very dilute environments (i.e.,the environment has a lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm)pump water out of the cell using active transport.Why is this necessary? If this were an animal cell,what would happen if the active transport proteins were suddenly disabled?

Question 47

You take some human blood cells and some plant cells that each naturally contains 0.9% salt solution,and you place them in containers of pure water (0% salt).What will happen?

Question 48

The process of molecules going from a high to a low concentration using a specific membrane protein that has no energy requirement is termed

A) active transport.
B) active diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) simple diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 49

You take a fish,a plant,and a bacterium that were living in pond water that contains solute and you put them into a fish tank that contains pure,de-ionized water.What will happen to the plant cells,the bacterial cells,and the cells of the fish gills (those are the cells first exposed to the pure water)?

Question 50

Proteins that move large or hydrophilic molecules across a cell membrane are called ____ proteins.

Question 51

An important purpose of a cell wall in bacteria is to

A) prevent the cell from adhering to other cells.
B) prevent the cell from collapsing.
C) prevent the cell from being eaten.
D) allow the cell to live in water.
E) allow the cell to take in nutrients.

Question 52

Molecules that can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion are

A) large.
B) ions.
C) hydrophilic.
D) uncharged molecules.
E) All molecules can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion.

Question 53

Define osmosis.

Question 54

Which of the following require cellular energy?

A) O₂ going from your lungs to your blood cells
B) CO₂ leaving your blood cells and entering your lungs
C) water molecules entering through special open pores called aquaporins
D) moving glucose from a low concentration to a high concentration
E) moving glucose from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 55

Osmosis refers to the diffusion of

A) small molecules.
B) water.
C) solute.
D) molecules.
E) gaseous particles.

Question 56

Water moves across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration in a process called ___________.

Question 57

If an animal cell is living in water that is much saltier than the cell's cytoplasm,the water

A) will enter the cell.
B) will move out of the cell.
C) will neither move in or out of the cell.
D) will leave the cell, bind salt in the water, and then re-enter the cell.
E) will enter the cell, bind salts in the cytoplasm, and then leave the cell.

Question 58

All of the following describe transport proteins EXCEPT

A) there are hundreds of types in the human body.
B) they are very specific in the type of molecule they transfer.
C) they are embedded in the cell membrane.
D) they allow large molecules to pass across the cell membrane.
E) they help small hydrophobic molecules to pass across the cell membrane.

Question 59

The process of molecules moving from a high concentration to a lower concentration in a solution without an energy input is termed

A) active transport.
B) active diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) simple diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 60

The hydrophobic part of a phospholipid is the

A) choline group.
B) phosphate group.
C) glycerol group.
D) fatty acid group.
E) adenine group.

Question 61

All of the following are true of penicillin EXCEPT

A) Alexander Fleming was the first to study it scientifically.
B) it is produced by bacteria.
C) it was the first medical antibiotic.
D) it revolutionized medicine.
E) it works against gram-positive bacteria.

Question 62

The outermost layer of a Gram positive bacterium is made of _______.

Question 63

What observations made Fleming further investigate some mold growing on his bacterial plate,instead of just discarding the contaminated plate?

Question 64

Penicillin weakens bacterial

A) cell walls.
B) cell membranes.
C) ribosomes.
D) chromosomes.
E) Golgi apparatus.

Question 65

Penicillin is isolated from

A) Staphylococcus.
B) protists.
C) mold.
D) bacteria.
E) yeast.

Question 66

Compare the activity of penicillin and streptomycin and explain why one is effective against gram-negative bacteria and the other is effective against gram-positive bacteria.

Question 67

Streptomycin interferes with a cell's ability to make ___________.

Question 68

Streptomycin interferes with a cells ability to make

A) cell walls.
B) cell membranes.
C) peptidoglycan.
D) proteins.
E) chromosomes.

Question 69

If you were a physician and had two sick patients,one with a Pneumococcus infection,the other with Influenza,would you give both of them penicillin? Why or why not?

Question 70

Penicillin is

A) a chemical that kills bacteria.
B) a chemical that kills fungi.
C) a chemical that kills viruses.
D) a chemical that kills plants.
E) a chemical that kills all life forms it contacts.

Question 71

Gram-positive bacteria grown in the presence of penicillin swell and lyse because

A) their cell wall becomes weakened.
B) osmosis allows water into the cell.
C) water pressure causes the cell to rupture.
D) no new cell wall can be synthesized.
E) All of the above.

Question 72

Bacterial cell walls are made rigid by the presence of

A) phosphates.
B) lipids.
C) peptidoglycan.
D) cholesterol.
E) glycerol.

Question 73

Penicillin is effective against gram- _____ bacteria.

Question 74

Penicillin was isolated from ______ growing on a plate of agar.

A) a bacterium
B) a plant
C) an animal
D) a colony of mold
E) two rival colonies of mold

Question 75

Plants and some fungi have a cell wall,as do bacteria.Why,then,does penicillin only affect bacteria?

Question 76

Penicillin kills bacteria by disrupting their

A) cell wall.
B) cell membrane.
C) DNA.
D) ribosomes.
E) lysosomes.

Question 77

The outermost layer of a gram-negative bacterium is made of _______.

Question 78

Peptidoglycan is made of

A)lipids.
B)sugars.
C)amino acids.
D)A and B but not C.
E)B and C but not A.

Question 79

Penicillin works by

A) interfering with the ability of bacterial cells to take in nutrients.
B) interfering with the formation of peptidoglycan.
C) interfering with protein formation in bacterial cells.
D) breaking up the DNA in a bacterial cell.
E) breaking up the cell membrane.

Question 80

Streptomycin is effective against gram- ____ bacteria.