Deck 5: Energy Flow and Photosynthesis the Future of Fuel

Question 1

The radiant energy of the Sun is used by autotrophs to produce

A) kinetic energy for cellular functions.
B) potential energy such as oils.
C) kinetic energy to make cell components.
D) potential energy such as carbohydrates.
E) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Define heterotroph.

Answer 2

An organism that is not capable of capturing sunlight or other energy to create its own energy-storage molecules; therefore,it must obtain energy from other organisms.

Question 3

Autotrophs are useful because

A) they remove carbon dioxide from the air.
B) they add oxygen to the air.
C) they are a source of food for humans.
D) some are a potential source of fuel.
E) All of the above,

Answer 3

All of the above,

Question 4

Which molecules are produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis?

A) glucose and carbon dioxide
B) glucose and oxygen
C) water and carbon dioxide
D) glucose, carbon dioxide, and water
E) carbon dioxide, oxygen, and glucose

Question 5

Today you can go into a store specializing in nutrition products and buy a nutritional supplement composed of ground spirulina,a species of cyanobacterium.Ancient artwork and texts show Aztecs farming and harvesting spirulina.Of what value is cultivated spirulina?

Question 6

An autotroph ultimately gets its energy from

A) stored food.
B) eating heterotrophs.
C) food.
D) the Sun.
E) digestion.

Question 7

What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give an example of each.

Question 8

What happens to the chemical energy produced by photosynthesis?

A) It is used to build more cells.
B) It is used to fuel cellular processes.
C) It is used as an immediate source of energy.
D) It is stored.
E) All of the above.

Question 9

__________ have chloroplasts and produce __________ as a waste product,whereas __________ ingest their food and have _________ as a waste product.

A) Autotrophs; glucose; heterotrophs; oxygen
B) Autotrophs; oxygen; heterotrophs; carbon dioxide
C) Autotrophs; oxygen; heterotrophs; glucose
D) Heterotrophs; carbon dioxide; autotrophs; oxygen
E) Heterotrophs; oxygen; autotrophs; carbon dioxide

Question 10

All of the following are autotrophs EXCEPT

A) a giant redwood.
B) a cyanobacterium.
C) the algae living inside a lichen.
D) a kangaroo.
E) a blueberry plant.

Question 11

Define autotroph.

Question 12

The ultimate source of energy for most living organisms is

A) geothermal energy.
B) sunlight.
C) wind.
D) algae.
E) heat.

Question 13

The text quotes Jim Sears saying,"Algae truly are the foundations of our entire planet." Explain what he meant by that.

Question 14

Which statement about an autotroph is NOT true?

A) produces carbohydrates and requires carbon dioxide
B) uses inorganic materials for nutrients
C) requires an input of light or chemical energy
D) makes its own food
E) is dependent on other organisms for its food

Question 15

An organism that can carry out photosynthesis is

A) a heterotroph.
B) usually found on the land.
C) an autotroph.
D) a fungus.
E) always a plant.

Question 16

List three groups of heterotrophs and three groups of autotrophs.

Question 17

Which of the following organisms is NOT an autotroph?

A) algae
B) cyanobacteria
C) mushroom
D) corn
E) pine tree

Question 18

How do plants help mitigate the effects of climate change?

Question 19

Could heterotrophs survive without autotrophs? Explain your answer.

Question 20

An organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis is called

A) an autotroph.
B) a heterotroph.
C) a myotroph.
D) a phototroph.
E) a flurotroph.

Question 21

What occurs as a cyclist pedals down a hill?

A) Potential energy and kinetic energy are unchanged.
B) Potential energy goes down as kinetic energy goes down.
C) Potential energy goes up as kinetic energy goes down.
D) Potential energy goes up as kinetic energy goes up.
E) Potential energy goes down as kinetic energy goes up.

Question 22

What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?

Question 23

In the list below,put a "P" next to items representing potential energy and a "K" next to items representing kinetic energy.
_____ Water behind a dam
_____ Water turning a turbine
_____ A pen sitting on top of a desk
_____ Carbon-hydrogen bonds
_____ Burning wood
_____ Pizza

Question 24

All energy in the biological world ultimately originates from

A) chemical energy.
B) radiant energy.
C) potential energy.
D) kinetic energy.
E) mechanical energy.

Question 25

If your car runs out of gas,the energy that was contained in the gas has

A) been destroyed.
B) increased and changed form.
C) been converted to several other forms of energy.
D) created new energy.
E) been converted into chemical energy.

Question 26

A rock sitting on top of a hill has _____ energy.While rolling down the hill the rock would have _____ energy.

A) potential; chemical
B) kinetic; kinetic
C) kinetic; potential
D) potential; kinetic
E) kinetic; potential

Question 27

Animal movement requires a conversion of energy from

A) mechanical to potential energy.
B) radiant to kinetic energy.
C) chemical to kinetic energy.
D) mechanical energy to kinetic.
E) kinetic to potential energy.

Question 28

"Heat" is best described as

A) kinetic energy associated with the formation of chemical bonds.
B) potential energy associated with the breaking of chemical bonds.
C) kinetic energy associated with chemical bonds.
D) potential energy associated with random particle motion.
E) kinetic energy associated with random particle motion.

Question 29

A local developer starts a project to build a house in a natural field.He bulldozes the topsoil to the edge and digs a hole for the basement.Due to financial problems,he abandons the project leaving a 1000-square-meter patch of bare land.What effect does this land conversion have on atmospheric carbon dioxide?

A) 30 more grams of carbon dioxide will be removed from the atmosphere per year.
B) 30,000 more grams of carbon dioxide will be removed from the atmosphere per year.
C) 30 fewer grams of carbon dioxide will be removed from the atmosphere per year.
D) 30,000 fewer grams of carbon dioxide will be removed from the atmosphere per year.
E) 30,000 more grams of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere per year.

Question 30

A rock balanced at the top of a precipice has

A) mechanical energy.
B) radiant energy.
C) chemical energy.
D) potential energy.
E) kinetic energy.

Question 31

In a comparison of two different light bulbs,how could you infer which one was more efficient in terms of energy conversion?

A) compare lumens
B) compare cost
C) compare bulb temperature
D) compare bulb wattage
E) compare longevity of each bulb

Question 32

Which car would have the most efficient engine in terms of energy conversion?

A) a luxury truck with 20 mpg
B) a sports vehicle with 25 mpg
C) an SUV with 28 mpg
D) a compact with 30 mpg
E) a bus with 32 mpg

Question 33

The less efficient an organism is in the conversion of energy from chemical to kinetic forms to do work,the more it will produce

A) heat in the form kinetic energy.
B) heat in the form of mechanical energy.
C) heat in the form of radiant energy.
D) heat in the form chemical energy.
E) heat in the form potential energy.

Question 34

The principle that energy is neither created nor destroyed,but can change form,is referred to as the principle of

A) entropy.
B) energetics.
C) kinetics.
D) conservation of energy.
E) creation.

Question 35

Our cars harvest the energy stored in gasoline.If we calculate the total amount of energy in the gasoline and then calculate the total amount of energy contained in the moving parts of the engine and wheels,we find that there is much less energy in the moving car than was available in the gasoline.Knowing that energy is neither created nor destroyed,what do you think happened to the extra energy in the gasoline?

Question 36

The energy of movement is ____ energy.

Question 37

_____ is the ability to do work.

A) Fuel
B) Conservation
C) Energy
D) Photosynthesis
E) Motion

Question 38

The energy of the oils made by algae is ____ energy.

Question 39

The energy in our food is contained within the

A) chemical bonds of biological molecules.
B) carbon atoms of molecules.
C) nucleus of carbon atoms.
D) fat molecules.
E) food's ATP molecules.

Question 40

When the oils produced by algae are burned,the energy of the algae becomes _____ energy.

Question 41

The process by which algae make the biomolecules they use for energy storage is

A) cellular respiration.
B) photosynthesis.
C) unique to algae.
D) also found in some animals.
E) dependent on oxygen.

Question 42

Photosynthesis would not occur in the absence of

A) oxygen and water.
B) light, carbon dioxide, and water.
C) carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water.
D) carbon dioxide and oxygen.
E) light, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water.

Question 43

The organelle responsible for carrying out photosynthesis is the __________.

Question 44

What molecules are produced by autotrophs?

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ and H₂O
B) O₂ and CO
C) C₆H12O₆, H₂O, and O₂
D) H₂O and O₂
E) C₆H12O₆ and O₂

Question 45

What are the main types of biomolecules that algae build with the energy they capture form the Sun?

Question 46

Chlorophyll reflects what color(s)of light?

A) red
B) green
C) blue
D) all visible colors
E) red and blue

Question 47

Energy cannot be _____ or _____,but it can be ________.

Question 48

Generally energy lost when transferring from one form to another is lost as

A) CO₂.
B) O₂.
C) glucose.
D) electricity.
E) heat.

Question 49

Energy lost from a biological organism is usually lost as _______.

Question 50

Energy cannot be

A) harvested or transferred, but it can be created.
B) created or destroyed, but it can be transformed.
C) transformed or destroyed, but it can be transferred.
D) transferred or avoided, but it can be harvested.
E) transformed or created, but it can be destroyed.

Question 51

The first stage of photosynthesis converts sunlight energy into

A) kinetic energy.
B) glucose.
C) chemical energy.
D) heat.
E) water.

Question 52

What is the carbon source used in photosynthesis?

A) (¹⁴C)
B) (⁶C)
C) CO
D) CO₂
E) C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 53

In addition to sunlight and carbon dioxide,algae growth requires

A) oxygen, water, and nutrients.
B) potassium and phosphates.
C) water and nutrients.
D) nitrogen and oxygen.
E) oxygen and water.

Question 54

To grow algae,all of the following are needed EXCEPT

A) water.
B) sunlight.
C) oxygen.
D) carbon dioxide.
E) nutrients.

Question 55

Algae capture light energy using which process?

A) the electron-transport chain
B) photosynthesis
C) cellular respiration
D) fermentation
E) anaerobic respiration

Question 56

Chlorophyll absorbs what color(s)of light?

A) red and blue
B) green and blue
C) green, red and blue
D) all visible colors
E) green only

Question 57

What are the inputs and outputs for the process of photosynthesis?

Question 58

The most common end-product of photosynthesis is

A) glucose.
B) ethanol.
C) lactic acid.
D) biofuels.
E) ethylene.

Question 59

What is the carbon source used in photosynthesis?

A) organic carbon
B) carbon monoxide
C) carbon dioxide
D) glucose
E) ribose

Question 60

What is the simplified equation for photosynthesis?

Question 61

The color of an object we see is the color that it

A) absorbs.
B) is attracted to.
C) collects.
D) reflects.
E) uses.

Question 62

Why do we perceive a red rose to be red?

Question 63

What are the colors of the visible light spectrum?

Question 64

Which of the following colors is least useful in photosynthesis?

A) blue
B) green
C) red
D) yellow
E) orange

Question 65

Visible light has wavelengths in the range of

A) 100-450 nm.
B) 300-675 nm.
C) 375-920 nm.
D) 400-750 nm.
E) 600-900 nm.

Question 66

Chlorophyll pigments absorb __________,which in turn excite _________,which then are used in reactions to generate __________.

A) photons; electrons; ATP
B) protons; electrons; ATP
C) photons; electrons; protein
D) protons; photons; ATP
E) electrons; photons; protein

Question 67

A particle of light energy is called a:

A) lumen.
B) spectrum.
C) photon.
D) wavelength.
E) nanometer.

Question 68

Which of the following puts the wavelengths of light in order from shortest to longest?

A) green→violet→yellow→red
B) yellow→green→red→violet
C) violet→green→yellow→red
D) red→yellow→green→violet
E) violet→red→yellow→green

Question 69

Sunlight consists of

A) the visible light spectrum.
B) long wavelength and short-energy spectrums.
C) short wavelength and high-energy spectrum.
D) the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
E) all spectrums except x-rays.

Question 70

The main energy currency of the cell (the molecule used to fuel the cell)is

A) ATP.
B) cyclic AMP.
C) GNP.
D) ADP.
E) DNA.

Question 71

Which of these colors of light has the shortest wavelength?

A) blue
B) green
C) red
D) yellow
E) orange

Question 72

What colors of light are most effective for photosynthesis?

Question 73

In plants,light energy is collected by which organelles?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondria
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) chloroplasts
E) vacuoles

Question 74

The conversion of inorganic carbon to organic carbon is called

A) carbon conversion.
B) carbon sequestration.
C) carbon fixation.
D) carbon exchange.
E) carbon bonding.

Question 75

Which of the following puts the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from shortest to longest?

A) ultraviolet light?x-rays? visible light?radio waves?microwaves
B) x-rays?ultraviolet light?visible light?microwaves?radio waves
C) microwaves? radio waves?visible light? x-rays?ultraviolet light
D) radio waves?visible light? microwaves?x-rays?ultraviolet light
E) radio waves?microwaves?visible light?ultraviolet light?x-rays

Question 76

Longer wavelengths of light,such as _______,have ________ energy than shorter wavelengths,such as _________.

A) red; less; violet
B) yellow; more; blue
C) blue; less; red
D) blue; more; violet
E) orange; more; blue

Question 77

Which of the following is a correct pairing of two properties of light?

A) long wavelength-high energy
B) visible light-400 to 750 nm wavelength
C) low energy-short wavelength
D) light used for photosynthesis-reflected color
E) green light-absorbed by chlorophyll

Question 78

The O₂ released during photosynthesis comes from splitting

A) glucose.
B) H₂O₂.
C) water.
D) CO₂.
E) ATP.

Question 79

What is carbon fixation?

Question 80

Which of the following equations describes photosynthesis?

A) sunlight + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + glucose
B) sunlight + glucose + CO₂ → O₂ + H₂O
C) sunlight + CO₂ → O₂ + H₂O + glucose
D) sunlight + H₂O + CO₂ → O₂ + glucose
E) sunlight + H₂O + O₂ → CO₂ + glucose