Deck 12: Complex Inheritance Qa: Genetics

Question 1

Human males have

A) only one sex chromosome, an X.
B) only one sex chromosome, a Y.
C) two sex chromosomes, both Xs.
D) two sex chromosomes, both Ys.
E) two sex chromosomes, one X and one Y.

Answer 1

two sex chromosomes, one X and one Y.

Question 2

What are autosomes?

A) chromosomes inherited from both mother and father that determine a child's sexual identity
B) paired chromosomes, except for the X and Y chromosomes
C) cells with one set of chromosomes
D) cells with more than two sets of chromosomes
E) cells that divide uncontrollably

Answer 2

paired chromosomes, except for the X and Y chromosomes

Question 3

Humans have how many autosomes?

A) 22 pairs
B) 23 pairs
C) 44 pairs
D) 46 pairs
E) 26 pairs

Answer 3

22 pairs

Question 4

Why are X-linked traits more commonly expressed in males?

A) There is no masking of an affected X allele with a normal X in males.
B) Females must have two copies of the affected allele to display a phenotype.
C) Females may be unknowing carriers and pass on the trait to male progeny.
D) Males only have one X chromosome.
E) All of the above.

Question 5

XXX,XO,XYY,and XXY conditions are the result of

A) an error during mitosis.
B) an error during meiosis.
C) a mutation event.
D) an egg containing two nuclei.
E) more than one sperm fertilizing an egg.

Question 6

The sex chromosomes found in a typical male are

A) XX.
B) XY.
C) YY.
D) Y.
E) YXY.

Question 7

Explain three ways a child may become intersex.

Question 8

The term autosome refers to

A) all chromosomes, including the X and Y.
B) all chromosomes, except the X and Y.
C) all chromosomes, including the X but not the Y.
D) all chromosomes, including the Y but not the X.
E) only the X and Y chromosomes.

Question 9

________ required to masculinize a developing fetus.

A) The Y chromosome is
B) The X chromosome is
C) All 46 chromosomes are
D) The autosomes are
E) Chromosomes 12 and 22 are

Question 10

Hemophilia is a recessive mutation on the X chromosome.Who is more likely to express the hemophilia phenotype,a son or a daughter? Explain.

Question 11

Zygotes with _______ usually cannot survive until birth.

A) three X chromosomes
B) a single X chromosome
C) no X chromosome
D) two X chromosomes
E) an X and a Y chromosome

Question 12

One of every _______ children born is neither strictly male nor female,but intersex.

A) 100
B) 1,600
C) 10,000
D) 16,000
E) 1,000,000

Question 13

Why can you say that males determine the sex of their children?

A) Since males have two X chromosomes, whichever one is passed along to their offspring will determine the sex.
B) Males will either contribute an X or a Y chromosome, whereas females will always contribute an X chromosome.
C) Male chromosomes are inherited preferentially over female chromosomes.
D) Y chromosomes are dominant; X chromosomes are recessive.
E) All of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A) Males are more likely than females to express X-linked characteristics.
B) X-linked characteristics are almost always recessively inherited.
C) X-linked characteristics are genes that are recessive on the X chromosome and dominant on the Y chromosome.
D) Females with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are uncommon.
E) Hemophilia rarely affects women.

Question 15

Briefly explain the significance of the SRY gene.What phenotype(s)does it cause?

Question 16

The SRY gene on the Y chromosome is responsible for

A) female genitalia.
B) ovary suppression.
C) estrogen production.
D) testes development.
E) androgen receptors.

Question 17

What is the genotype of females and males,respectively? (Note that the number indicates the total number of individual chromosomes.)

A) 46 XY; XX
B) 46 XX; XY
C) 46 XX; XO
D) 23 XY; XX
E) 23 XX; XY

Question 18

What is the significance of the X and Y chromosome in terms of sexual identity?

A) The X chromosome contains the SRY gene, which aids in the development of the ovaries.
B) The X and Y chromosomes aid in the production of ovaries and testes, respectively. These organs produce estrogen and testosterone, which in turn signal either female or male tissue to develop.
C) The SRY gene on the Y chromosome signals the testes to develop testosterone, which signals male tissues to develop.
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 19

Define the term autosome.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an X-linked trait?

A) cystic fibrosis
B) color-blindness
C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D) hemophilia

Question 21

Which of the following human chromosomes usually does NOT exchange DNA during meiosis?

A) X chromosome
B) Y chromosome
C) chromosome 1
D) chromosome 12
E) chromosome 17

Question 22

What are X-linked traits?

A) Diseases or phenotypes that are determined by genes on an X chromosome.
B) Traits that only affect females since females have two X chromosomes.
C) Dominant traits located on X chromosomes.
D) Genes that are more likely to have an effect in males than females.
E) A and D

Question 23

Explain why males with a diseased allele on their X chromosome can only pass it along to their daughters.

Question 24

Which of the following human chromosomes is passed on intact from father to son?

A) X chromosome
B) Y chromosome
C) Chromosome 1
D) Chromosome 3
E) Chromosome 12

Question 25

Y chromosome analysis would be LEAST useful for

A) studying familial relationships between females.
B) determining the relatives of Moses.
C) tracing the descendants of Genghis Khan.
D) deciding paternity.
E) studying the migration of humans out of Africa.

Question 26

Using a Punnett square,calculate the probability of a son inheriting an X-linked trait if his mother is a carrier and his father is unaffected.(Use X for a normal chromosome,and X' to represent a recessive X-linked trait.)

Question 27

Which two people would have the most different Y chromosomes?

A) a father and his biological son
B) a boy and his biological father's father
C) a boy and his father's paternal grandfather
D) a father and his daughter's biological son
E) two fraternal twin brothers

Question 28

It is simpler to use DNA to identify the father for a son than for a daughter because

A) the X chromosome is passed intact to the daughter from the mother.
B) the Y chromosome may recombine during meiosis.
C) the Y chromosome may exchange genetic material with the X chromosome .
D) the X chromosome may recombine during meiosis while the Y is passed intact.
E) autosomes are passed intact to all progeny.

Question 29

Is it possible for a female to be color blind? Why or why not?

Question 30

All the male relatives of a color-blind man are also color blind.This man likely received the allele for color blindness from

A) his father.
B) his uncle.
C) his maternal grandfather.
D) his paternal grandfather.
E) either his maternal or paternal grandfather.

Question 31

Fill in the following pedigree chart for hemophilia,giving genotypes of each individual.Circles are females and squares are males.Filled circles or squares indicate individuals with hemophilia.Give the genotypes as either XX,XY,XX,XY,XX,X?,or X?,where the underline (X)indicates a chromosome with the color-blindness allele and "?" indicates an unknown allele.

Question 32

All of the following are true of color blindness,EXCEPT

A) it can be passed from a color-blind father to his son.
B) it can be passed from a color-blind mother to her son.
C) it can be passed from a color-blind grandfather, through his daughter, to her son.
D) it can be carried by a female who has normal color vision herself.
E) it only rarely occurs in females.

Question 33

Men are frequently told that male-pattern baldness is inherited from their maternal grandfather,not their father.Explain the reasoning behind this statement.

Question 34

Which of the following is/are used to examine inheritance over generations?

A) karyotypes
B) a pedigree chart
C) genotypes
D) a family tree
E) phenotypes

Question 35

Can a man with hemophilia pass hemophilia on to his sons? Why or why not?

Question 36

Which of the following chromosomes does NOT have a homologous partner in human males?

A) Chromosome 1
B) Chromosome 11
C) Chromosome 17
D) Chromosome 1
E) Y chromosome

Question 37

Y chromosome analysis has been used in

A) studying human evolution.
B) tracing genealogy.
C) evaluating stories about the descendants of Thomas Jefferson.
D) tracing the descendants of Genghis Khan.
E) All of the above.

Question 38

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)is a recessive mutation on the X chromosome.Who is more likely to inherit DMD,a daughter with two X chromosomes or a daughter with Turner syndrome?

Question 39

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive mutation.A color-blind man and a woman with normal vision have two biological children: a son with normal vision and a color-blind daughter.Describe the alleles for color blindness in the mother and father.

Question 40

A pedigree chart reveals the presence of a disease trait in both a boy and his mother's father.This pattern would suggest

A) autosomal recessive inheritance.
B) autosomal dominant inheritance.
C) X-linked inheritance.
D) Y-linked inheritance.
E) no inheritance pattern.

Question 41

You are trying to breed a crop that has a sweeter fruit and are working on one particular gene.In repeated trials,when you cross a very sweet variety with a slightly sweet variety,you consistently get medium-sweet fruit.What is happening?

Question 42

You are home sick with the flu and,while flipping channels,you are riveted by a talk show.The show is searching for the real father of a woman's child.None of the men admit paternity,but she insists that one of them must be the father.As the host reveals the results of the paternity test,he mentions that the results were based on STR analysis from the Y chromosome.He displays the following chart.Who does he reveal is the father?

Question 43

All of the following are TRUE of the Y chromosome,EXCEPT

A) it can be used to trace male lineage.
B) it undergoes recombination with the X chromosome.
C) it is tiny and carries only a few genes.
D) it contains genes that influence the development of male characteristics.
E) it is passed only from father to son.

Question 44

Genghis Kahn ruled the largest empire in the world,pillaging his way across Mongolia and Asia in the 13th century.Today,16 million men living in this same region are his descendents.How do you think scientists have been able to determine that all these men are related to Genghis Kahn? Specifically,what chromosome do you think they examined and why?

Question 45

Which of the following is TRUE of the sex chromosomes?

A) The X chromosome never undergoes recombination.
B) The Y chromosome never undergoes recombination.
C) Neither the X nor the Y undergo recombination.
D) During meiosis, the X and the Y exchange genes by crossing over.
E) During meiosis, only part of the X exchanges genes with the Y by crossing over.

Question 46

You are home sick with the flu and,while flipping channels,you are riveted by a talk show.The show is searching for the real father of a woman's child.None of the men admit paternity,but she insists that one of them must be the father.As the host reveals the results of the paternity test,he mentions that the results were based on STR analysis from the Y chromosome.He displays the following chart.Who does he reveal is the father?

Question 47

You wish to determine if a male child is the descendant of your grandfather.However,your grandfather is only known to have had daughters.The best strategy is to

A) compare the child's X chromosome with the X chromosome of your grandfather's sister.
B) compare the child's Y chromosome with the X chromosome of your grandfather's sister.
C) compare the child's X chromosome with the X chromosome of your grandfather's brother.
D) compare the child's Y chromosome with the Y chromosome of your grandfather's brother.
E) Because your grandfather only had daughters, there is no way to test such a relationship.

Question 48

An example of incomplete dominance is

A) hair color.
B) wavy hair.
C) blue eyes.
D) height.
E) color blindness.

Question 49

What is the main difference in behavior between the X and Y chromosome during meiosis?

A) The Y chromosome aligns with its homologous chromosome; the X does not.
B) The X chromosome undergoes crossing over; the Y does not.
C) The Y chromosome undergoes crossing over; the X does not.
D) During crossing over the X chromosome donates segments to the Y chromosome.
E) During crossing over the Y chromosome donates segments to the X chromosome.

Question 50

Hair texture is a result of

A) multifactorial inheritance.
B) codominance.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) a single gene affecting many traits.
E) many genes affecting one trait

Question 51

Explain why Y chromosomes have no exchange of DNA during meiosis.Describe any relevant events that occur during meiosis,as part of your explanation.

Question 52

What is the best genetic marker to use when trying to see if two people are related?

A) STRs on the X chromosome
B) STRs on an autosome
C) STRs on the Y chromosome, if male relatives are available
D) coding regions on the X chromosome
E) only one specific gene, but it can be on any chromosome

Question 53

Tracing a paternal line of inheritance usually involves

A) sequencing the entire Y chromosome.
B) sequencing five or more coding regions on one autosome.
C) sequencing five or more coding regions on different autosomes.
D) STR analysis of the Y chromosome.
E) STR analysis of regions on at least ten different autosomes.

Question 54

Investigators at a crime scene have isolated DNA from a Y chromosome and have analyzed it for its STRs.They have a prime suspect,but he is not cooperating.However,several of his relatives are willing to help by donating DNA samples.Which relative will have the most similar Y chromosome?

A) his half-brother
B) his mother's brother
C) his father's father
D) his mother's father
E) his mother's grandfather

Question 55

Why do investigators use the Y chromosome for genetic analysis?

A) The Y chromosome is technically easier to extract from cells than the X chromosome.
B) The Y chromosome rarely undergoes genetic recombination because there is no homologous partner.
C) The X chromosome passes through generations largely unchanged and is therefore useless for tracking mutations
D) The Y chromosome mutates easily allowing ancestry to be traced over many generations.
E) When the X chromosome recombines with the Y chromosome the Y chromosome more accurately reflects inheritance from both parents

Question 56

Why is it a good idea to use STRs on Ychromosomes for ancestry instead of STRs on X chromosomes?

A) The Y chromosome is passed on to every generation no matter what.
B) The X chromosome is passed on to every generation no matter what.
C) The X chromosome undergoes crossing over; the Y does not.
D) The Y chromosome undergoes crossing over; the X does not.
E) There are more available STRs on the Y chromosome than on the X chromosome

Question 57

A man with curly hair has three children with a woman who has straight hair.What type of hair will their children have?

A) 100% will have straight hair
B) 25% will have wavy hair
C) 100% will have curly hair
D) 50% will have curly hair
E) 100% will have wavy hair

Question 58

How much wavy protein is expressed in people with curly hair,compared with people with wavy hair?

A) twice as much
B) a single amount
C) half the amount
D) four times as much
E) none

Question 59

Thomas Jefferson is thought to have fathered the youngest son of slave Sally Hemings.This idea was investigated using Y chromosome analysis of

A) Sally Hemings's oldest son.
B) Jefferson's daughter.
C) Jefferson's only direct son.
D) Jefferson's paternal uncle.
E) Jefferson's brother.

Question 60

Ancestry and human evolution is researched using these differences in Y chromosomes.

A) single-nucleotide repeats
B) mutations in DNA coding regions
C) short-tandem repeats
D) telomere deletions
E) frameshift mutations

Question 61

Hair texture is an example of incomplete dominance.A person who is homozygous dominant HH has curly hair and they mate with a person who has straight hair (homozygous recessive hh).What percentage of their offspring will have straight hair? (Draw a Punnett square to help you figure this out.)

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 62

You have a white flower and you know it is homozygous for the flower color gene,and you have a red flower that is also homozygous for flower color.When you cross these,100% of the offspring are pink.Explain this,using a Punnett square.What kind of inheritance pattern is being exhibited?

Question 63

Hair texture is an example of incomplete dominance.A person who is homozygous dominant HH has curly hair and they mate with a person who has straight hair (homozygous recessive hh).What percentage of their offspring will have curly hair? (Draw a Punnett square to help you figure this out.)

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 64

Blood type (blood group plus the Rh factor)is an example of two types of inheritance patterns.These patterns are

A) codominance and incomplete dominance.
B) codominance and classic dominant/recessive inheritance.
C) incomplete dominance and classic dominant/recessive inheritance.
D) polygenic inheritance and incomplete dominance.
E) polygenic inheritance and classic dominant/recessive inheritance.

Question 65

Codominance is when

A) one allele masks the effect of the other in the phenotype.
B) both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype.
C) an intermediate phenotype is expressed in the heterozygote.
D) more than one gene contributes to the phenotype.
E) the environment contributes to the phenotype.

Question 66

A person who has a heterozygous genotype for a trait

A) will express both phenotypes of the gene if the trait exhibits codominance.
B) will only express the dominant phenotype, in all circumstances.
C) will express an intermediate phenotype if the trait exhibits incomplete dominance.
D) A and C
E) All of the above..

Question 67

Hair texture is an example of incomplete dominance.A person who is homozygous dominant for the H gene has curly hair.What genotype would someone with wavy hair have?

A) HH
B) hh
C) HHhh
D) Hh
E) HHHH

Question 68

Hair texture is an example of incomplete dominance.A person who is homozygous dominant HH has curly hair and they mate with a person who has straight hair (homozygous recessive hh).What percentage of their offspring will have wavy hair? (Draw a Punnett square to help you figure this out.)

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 69

You have a white flower and you know it is homozygous for the flower color gene,and you have a red flower that is also homozygous for flower color.When you cross these,100% of the offspring are pink.Now,you cross these pink offspring.What percentage of their progeny will be pink? Explain this,using a Punnett square.

Question 70

You cross a red flower with a white flower,and all the seeds result in pink flowers.This is an example of

A) codominance.
B) incomplete dominance.
C) multiple allele inheritance.
D) multifactorial inheritance.
E) polygenic inheritance.

Question 71

Which of the following best describes blood type O negative?

A) It is the universal recipient.
B) It is the universal donor.
C) It is the least common blood group.
D) It is the most common blood group.
E) It has the most surface markers.

Question 72

How does codominance differ from incomplete dominance?

Question 73

If red flower color (R)is incompletely dominant to white flower color (r),then what is the genotype of pink flowers?

A) RR
B) rr
C) Rr
D) The genotype depends on the genotype of a modifier gene.
E) The genotype cannot be determined.

Question 74

The universal donor blood group MOST in demand during catastrophic times is

A) type A, Rh negative.
B) type O, Rh positive.
C) type AB blood, Rh negative.
D) type O, Rh negative.
E) type AB, Rh positive.

Question 75

An example of a codominant trait is

A) Rh factor.
B) wavy hair.
C) type AB blood.
D) height.
E) color blindness.

Question 76

Imagine you cross a red flower with a white flower.What will the offspring look like if red and white are incompletely dominant to each other? What will the offspring look like if red and white are codominant?

Question 77

You have a gene with alleles X,Y,and Z,and you know that these are codominant alleles.You cross an individual that is homozygous X with an individual that is homozygous Z.What phenotypes will the offspring of this cross express?

A) phenotypes of X and Z, equally
B) a phenotype between Z and X
C) phenotype Y
D) phenotype X
E) phenotype Z

Question 78

For each of the following phenotypes,identify the type of inheritance pattern.Write C for codominant,DR for dominant and recessive,P for polygenic,or I for incomplete dominant:
A. ____ Rh negative
B. ____ Wavy hair
C. ____ Type AB blood
D. ____ Height
E. ____ Pink flowers from white and red flowered parents
F. ____ Eye color

Question 79

A black dog is bred with a brown dog,and all the puppies have patches of black and brown.The coat color alleles for black and brown are an example of

A) codominance.
B) incomplete dominance.
C) multiple-allele inheritance.
D) multifactorial inheritance.
E) polygenic inheritance.

Question 80

ABO blood type inheritance is an example of

A) incomplete dominance.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) X-linked recessive alleles.
D) codominance.
E) Y-linked recessive alleles.