Deck 29: Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Question 1

Leaching is most likely to affect the nutrients plants need in which soil horizon?

A)Bedrock
B)Subsoil
C)Topsoil
D)Soil base

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Based on the fact that CO₂ is often limiting for photosynthesis,what might you conclude about the evolution of photosynthesis?

A)Photosynthesis evolved when environmental concentrations of CO₂ were low.
B)Photosynthesis evolved when environmental concentrations of CO₂ were high.
C)CO₂ levels likely did not have a bearing on the evolution of photosynthesis.
D)Photosynthesis evolved in a greenhouse.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Water typically makes up about what percentage of a plant?

A)80%
B)50%
C)90%
D)100%
E)40%

Answer 3

C

Question 4

You find a sick plant in an arid environment.After studying it,you believe it is specifically defective in C₄ photosynthesis.What nutrient might this plant be lacking?

A)Copper
B)Nickel
C)Molybdenum
D)Sulfur
E)Sodium

Question 5

When certain bodies of water develop regions known as "dead zones" it often means that:

A)oxygen has been depleted.
B)carbon dioxide is not available.
C)nitrogen has become limited.
D)phosphorus has killed animals.
E)plant life no longer can survivE.

Question 6

When scientists are attempting to breed for increased ability of a plant to utilize carbon dioxide they must consider improvement of:

A)bundle-sheath cells.
B)mesophyll air spaces.
C)chlorophyll production.
D)stress tolerance.

Question 7

Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide have rapidly increased since the industrial revolution.Although bad for global warming,one positive outcome of this increase is that:

A)plants may no longer need light for photosynthesis.
B)some crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers may experience enhanced growth rates.
C)plants may be able to absorb carbon dioxide even with their stomata closed.
D)C₄ photosynthesis may become more important than C₃ (standard)photosynthesis.

Question 8

You are part of a team that discovers a new nitrogen-fixing bacteria in symbiosis with a plant.As you study this new bacteria,you discover that it is photosynthetic.This bacteria is likely to be:

A)cyanobacteriA.
B)actinobacteria.
C)proteobacteria.
D)none of the above.

Question 9

Which activity may be helpful in reducing dependency on inorganic fertilizers?

A)Nitrogen fixation
B)Composting
C)Weathering
D)Chlorosis
E)Leaching

Question 10

Which one of the following is NOT considered to be one of the macronutrients needed by plants?

A)manganese
B)sulfur
C)phosphorus
D)nitrogen
E)potassium

Question 11

Which of the following produce organic acids that may contribute to weathering of rocks?

A)Arctic plants
B)Water plants
C)Aerial plants
D)Lichens
E)Mosses

Question 12

Macronutrients are defined as those elements:

A)required in certain relative amounts in the plant.
B)usually needed,but not always available.
C)required in relatively large amounts.
D)only taken up through the soil.

Question 13

Potassium deficiency in plants is most common on light,sandy soils.This is likely because:

A)percolation of water through sandy soils leaches potassium from the soil.
B)roots grown in sandy soil can't absorb potassium.
C)potassium ions are too tightly bound to sand particles to be used by plants.
D)plants grown in sandy soil don't require potassium.

Question 14

Sunlight can actually be so intense that photosynthesis can be stopped.

Question 15

If you took a species of plant that normally grows on the forest floor and began to grow it in full sunlight,over generations,you may expect the plant's progeny to:

A)grow mostly shade leaves.
B)produce more chlorophyll.
C)grow shorter.
D)grow mostly sun leaves.

Question 16

Chlorosis in plants is a condition best explained by:

A)lack of water.
B)lack of certain minerals.
C)lack of oxygen.
D)lack of carbon dioxide.
E)lack of soil moisturE.

Question 17

Which of the following is the best answer for why plants require nitrogen?

A)To make chlorophyll
B)To make amino acids and nucleotides
C)To make cell walls
D)To make membranes

Question 18

It is possible to manufacture a form of nitrogen that is useable by plants;however,the major drawback to this process is:

A)time involved.
B)getting enough nitrogen.
C)cost of converting nitrogen to a useable form.
D)temperatures must be extremely high.
E)it is difficult to contain the end product.

Question 19

One of the ways agricultural production of such fruits as tomatoes or cucumbers can be increased significantly is to grow them in:

A)soils rich in magnesium.
B)soils rich in nitrogen.
C)greenhouses supplied with extra carbon dioxide.
D)greenhouses with extra oxygen.
E)None of these is truE.

Question 20

A plant's ability to absorb carbon dioxide is reduced when:

A)water is plentiful.
B)temperatures are cold.
C)stomata are closed.
D)the epidermis is lacking.
E)mesophyll cells lack air spaces.

Question 21

The water potential of a flaccid cell you are studying is -1.5.What is its solute potential?

A)-1.5
B)-0.5
C)1
D)0.5
E)1.5

Question 22

Which of the following is not a factor used directly in determining water potential of plant cells?

A)Solute outside the cell
B)Solute inside the cell
C)Cell turgor pressure
D)Pressure at the cell wall-membrane interface
E)Temperature

Question 23

One feature that phloem cells have that xylem cells lack is:

A)water potential.
B)cell walls.
C)plasmodesmata.
D)membranes.
E)cytosol.

Question 24

The cohesion-tension theory explains the role of ________ in long-distance water transport.

A)membranes
B)transpiration
C)sap movement
D)plasmodesmata
E)surface tension

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT part of the pathway that water and dissolved minerals (i.e. ,Fe,K,Mg,etc. )follow as they move from the soil into a plant to the xylem?

A)Through plasmodesmata
B)Through phloem
C)Through apoplastic transport
D)Through symplastic transport
E)Between cells

Question 26

In phloem,bulk flow occurs from regions of high to low ________ concentration.

A)solute
B)mineral
C)water
D)cytosol
E)cytoplasm

Question 27

A turgid cell that you are studying has a solute potential of -1.3MPa.What is its approximate water potential?

A)1.3
B)0.3
C)-2.3
D)-0.3
E)-1.3

Question 28

Which cells in the root have a suberin layer called the Casparian strip?

A)Endodermis
B)Cortex
C)Epidermis
D)Root hair

Question 29

Measurement of relative water content (RWC)can be used to predict a plant's:

A)ability to recover from cell collapsing.
B)ability to recover from the wilted condition.
C)need for fertilizers.
D)cold shock.
E)salt tolerancE.

Question 30

Nitrogen is one of the most abundantly applied fertilizers worldwide.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT required for passive transport?

A)Membranes
B)Concentration gradients
C)Energy
D)Molecules
E)Bilayers

Question 32

Active transport occurs ________ the concentration gradient across a cell membrane.

A)against
B)towards
C)away from
D)in between
E)passively against

Question 33

Which of the following are the water conducting cells of the xylem?

A)Tracheids and parenchyma
B)Vessels and parenchyma
C)Sieve tubes and tracheids
D)Vessels and tracheids
E)Parenchyma and sieve tubes

Question 34

Which one of the following is the best explanation for why plants may use active rather than passive transport?

A)The phospholipid bilayer is not formed.
B)Protein channels are plugged.
C)Development of pores has not occurred.
D)Membrane potential is blockeD.
E)Solute concentration is a factor.

Question 35

Which of the following is the proper order of cells for water and minerals to travel from the soil into the xylem?

A)Root hair,cortex,epidermis,endodermis
B)Endodermis,cortex,epidermis,endodermis
C)Root hair,endodermis,cortex,xylem
D)Root hair,cortex,endodermis,xylem
E)Root hair,cortex,endodermis,phloem,xylem

Question 36

Channels in membranes are best described as:

A)open spaces.
B)closed spaces.
C)protein plugs.
D)molecule catchers.
E)pores for air exchangE.

Question 37

Apoplastic movement of water and minerals is possible until they reach which cell type?

A)Epidermis
B)Xylem
C)Cortex cells
D)Pericycle
E)Endodermis

Question 38

Cellular items that can NOT be transported through proton channels are:

A)proteins.
B)nucleotides.
C)mitochondria.
D)water.
E)sugars.

Question 39

Which one of the following features of plant cells is NOT common with animal cells?

A)Membranes
B)Turgor pressure
C)Plasma membrane
D)Membrane channels
E)Active transport

Question 40

A turgid plant cell is one that:

A)lacks a cell wall.
B)has an extra cell wall layer.
C)lacks cytosol.
D)has excess water in its cytosol.
E)may be described as flaccid.

Question 41

Most plants absorb water and minerals from the _______ and transport them through the _______.

A)atmosphere;xylem
B)atmosphere;phloem
C)soil;phloem
D)soil;xylem

Question 42

One difference between sieve-tube cells and vessels is that sieve-tube cells are _______,but vessels are dead.

A)hollow
B)alive
C)nucleated
D)more spherical
E)placed end to end

Question 43

FITC-boronic acid is a dye that stains cell walls and intracellular spaces.This dye is probably transported via:

A)transmembrane transport.
B)symplastic transport.
C)apoplastic transport.
D)transpiration.

Question 44

Which of the following would you expect to be happening if a plant is showing water stress?

A)Abscisic acid is being transported to the guard cells.
B)Xylem is no longer functioning to carry water up the plant.
C)The phloem is transporting abscisic acid upward.
D)Blue light is influencing the guard cells.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 45

You want to calculate the relative water content of a sapling.You measure the fresh weight to be 11.95g,the turgid weight to be 12.5g,and the dry weight to be 11.5g.What is the RWC of this plant,and is it likely to live or die?

A)55%;live
B)45%;live
C)45%;die
D)55%;die
E)100%;live

Question 46

One function of cell walls in plants is to prevent the continual increase in the expansion of the cell membrane.

Question 47

Which of the following plant hormones stimulates development of an abscission zone in the leaf petiole?

A)ethanol
B)gibberellins
C)abscisic acid
D)auxin
E)ethylene

Question 48

Transpiration water loss occurs mostly through which of the following structures?

A)Pores
B)Stomata
C)Epidermal cells
D)Guard cells
E)Vessels

Question 49

Mutant plants that wilt easily under strong sunlight and high temperatures have been isolated.The stomata in these plants are functional,but do not respond to ABA.What protein may be missing from these plants?

A)Aquaporin
B)ABA receptor
C)H⁺-ATPase proton pump
D)P proteins

Question 50

Most plants transport sucrose over long distances through the xylem.

Question 51

What will happen if you place a turgid cell in a hypertonic solution? A hypotonic solution?

A)Nothing;nothing
B)It will lose water;nothing
C)Nothing;it will gain water
D)It will lose water;it will gain water

Question 52

Active transport in plants works against a concentration gradient and this allows for substances to pass through plant cells without an energy input.

Question 53

The Casparian strip prevents apoplastic movement through epidermal cells.

Question 54

Liquids move faster in plant cells by bulk flow than by diffusion.

Question 55

When guard cells are ________ a stomatal pore opens between them.

A)flaccid
B)overextended
C)turgid
D)solute depleted
E)ionically charged

Question 56

Arabidopsis plants that have mutant AtSUC2 alleles accumulate sugar and starch in their mature leaves.What process might these plants be unable to carry out?

A)Abscission
B)Phloem loading
C)Guttation
D)Photosynthesis

Question 57

The plant cell can move substances into cells using proton pumps that work against a gradient.

Question 58

If scientists want to develop plants that can withstand cold conditions they would breed for the ability of the plant to increase solutes in cells.

Question 59

Which of the following is the advantage that plants in arid habitats experience when they keep their stoma closed during hot daytime hours?

A)It prevents loss of CO₂.
B)It helps to conserve water.
C)It brings minerals up the plant.
D)It prevents sugar transport to the guard cells.
E)It gives plants a needed rest.

Question 60

Bulk flow in the phloem tissue is mostly downward whereas bulk flow in xylem is mostly:

A)sideways.
B)also downward.
C)very little bulk flow occurs in xylem.
D)flow of sugars.
E)upward.

Question 61

When SEO gene expression is inactivated in tobacco plants,injured mutant plants exude nine times more sugar than injured wild type plants.What do SEO genes encode?

A)Aquaporins
B)ABA receptors
C)P proteins
D)Lignin

Question 62

In tobacco plants,a H⁺/sugar cotransporter called NtSUT1 is required for sucrose loading into phloem.Levels of NtSUT1 are likely to be highest in what plant tissue?

A)Roots
B)Flowers
C)Leaves
D)Seeds

Question 63

What hormone plays a role in the closing of stomata in response to water stress?

A)Abscisic acid
B)Cytokinin
C)Auxin
D)Ethylene

Question 64

Arabidopsis irx4 mutants have a collapsed xylem phenotype.What process is likely to be defective in these mutants?

A)Bulk flow
B)Guttation
C)Stomatal opening
D)Deposit of lignin

Question 65

Why is it particularly important for the endodermis to block transport in the specific location where it does?

A)to control access of transported materials to the plant vascular tissues,which can carry materials throughout the plant.
B)to prevent materials from encountering the Casparian strip.
C)to prevent harmful materials from entering the cortex.
D)to prevent all symplastic transport.

Question 66

Which cells are likely to have a higher cellular water potential?

A)Sieve-tube elements near source tissues
B)Sieve-tube elements near sink tissues

Question 67

How do you think global warming is affecting leaf abscission?

A)No change.
B)Leaf abscission is happening earlier in the fall.
C)Leaf abscission is happening later in the fall.
D)Leaf abscission occurs continually.