Deck 13: The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Question 1

Humans have __________ different pairs of autosomes.

A)46
B)44
C)23
D)22
E)11

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Consider an organism whose diploid karyotype shows it to have a total of 60 chromosomes.How many chromosomes would be contained in the sperm of this organism?

A)23
B)30
C)46
D)60
E)90

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?

A)The cell cycle is a sequence of replications and divisions that produces numerous new cells.
B)The phases of the cell cycle are G1,S,and M phases.
C)In actively dividing cells,the S and G2 phases are collectively known as interphase.
D)When the S phase of the cell cycle is finished,a cell has twice as much DNA as it did during the G1 phase.
E)During G2 phase,the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Why must the life cycle of sexually reproducing species alternate between haploid and diploid stages?

A)Meiosis must occur at some point in the life cycle to prevent a doubling of chromosomes in each generation.
B)Mitosis must occur at some point in the life cycle to prevent a reduction of chromosomes in each generation.
C)The diploid stage allows for genetic recombination.
D)Meiosis must occur at some point in the life cycle to prevent a reduction of chromosomes in each generation.
E)Haploid cells cannot grow independently of diploid cells.

Question 5

During crossing over in meiosis,an incomplete exchange of genetic material occurs.This would most likely produce

A)a deficiency in one homologue and a duplication in the other homologue.
B)a deficiency in both homologues.
C)a deficiency in one homologue and an inversion in the other homologue.
D)a reciprocal translocation.
E)a duplication in one homologue and an inversion in the other homologuE.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning sister chromatids?

A)The formation of sister chromatids doubles the amount of DNA in a cell.
B)Sister chromatids consist of two identical copies of a single homologue.
C)Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere by cohesin proteins.
D)Sister chromatids are formed during the S phase of the cell cycle.
E)Sister chromatids separate during anaphase I of meiosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a part of the mitotic spindle apparatus in plants?

A)centrosome
B)centrioles
C)tubulin proteins
D)kinetochore microtubules
E)astral microtubules

Question 8

Place the following events of mitosis in the correct order.
I)Sister chromatids align on the metaphase plate.
II)The cleavage furrow forms.
III)The nuclear membrane breaks up.
IV)Sister chromatids begin to condense.
V)Sister chromatids separate.

A)I,II,III,IV,V
B)III,IV,I,V,II
C)IV,III,I,V,II
D)III,II,I,IV,V
E)IV,I,III,V,II

Question 9

Polyploidy in plants

A)is common.
B)allows for adaptation to diverse environments.
C)may alter the levels of gene expression.
D)may result in larger individuals.
E)All of these statements are true regarding polyploidy in plants.

Question 10

The process by which haploid cells are produced from diploid cells is called

A)sexual reproduction.
B)mitosis.
C)fertilization.
D)meiosis.
E)reduction.

Question 11

The major way that meiosis II differs from mitosis is that

A)in meiosis II,the homologous sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate as a tetrad.
B)in meiosis II,a pair of sister chromatids move to the pole.
C)in meiosis II,the cells are haploid.
D)in meiosis II,a synaptonemal complex is formeD.
E)in meiosis II,the homologues separatE.

Question 12

Consider a diploid species where n=5.If an individual of this species was found to have 11 chromosomes,it would be categorized as

A)polyploid.
B)aneuploid.
C)tetraploid.
D)monosomic.
E)triploid.

Question 13

Consider a cell in which all of the homologous chromosomes experience nondisjunction during meiosis I.What would be the result of this event?

A)two polyploid gametes
B)one trisomic and three monosomic gametes
C)four aneuploid gametes
D)four monosomic gametes
E)four aneuploid gametes: one trisomic and three monosomic

Question 14

In a haploid dominant species

A)the multicellular organism is diploid and only the gametes are haploid.
B)the multicellular organism is haploid and only the gametes are diploid.
C)diploid cells are produced by mitosis and haploid cells are produced by meiosis.
D)the multicellular organism is diploid,and only the zygote is haploiD.
E)the multicellular organism is haploid,and only the zygote is diploid.

Question 15

Most human embryos that are aneuploid

A)result in Down's syndrome.
B)result in sterility.
C)are spontaneously aborted in the first trimester.
D)can develop and survive to adulthooD.
E)are usually the result of increased nondisjunction in the gametes of older men.

Question 16

You prepare the first ever karyotype of an endangered species of frog.Upon examination you find that all the chromosomes are metacentric.This is going to make it difficult to identify

A)which is the p arm of the chromosome.
B)which is the q arm of the chromosome.
C)the unique G banding for each chromosome.
D)if the chromosomes are telocentric.
E)both the p and q arms of the chromosomE.

Question 17

At the end of meiosis I

A)cells are haploid.
B)cells are diploid.
C)the homologous pairs are in separate cells.
D)the cells are diploid and the homologous pairs are in separate cells.
E)the cells are haploid and the homologous pairs are in separate cells.

Question 18

Cytogenetics is

A)a photographic representation of chromosome.
B)the field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of the chromosomes and cell division.
C)the sorting process to divide one cell nucleus into two nuclei.
D)the process in which the two nuclei are segregated into separate daughter cells.
E)the process by which the haploid cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid.

Question 19

The formation of the bivalent during meiosis

A)is required for the pairing of nonhomologous chromosomes.
B)contributes to the genetic diversity of a species.
C)ensures that the resulting haploid cells will have the same combination of homologous chromosomes as the original diploid cell.
D)aids the alignment of sister chromatids in a single row along the metaphase plate.
E)occurs during meiosis I and meiosis II.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of a checkpoint that controls the progression of the cell cycle?

A)During the G1 checkpoint,cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases combine to form complexes that activate proteins involved in DNA replication.
B)The G2 checkpoint checks for DNA damage and determines if all of the DNA is replicated.
C)The metaphase checkpoint determines if all chromosomes are attached to the spindle apparatus.
D)Cytokinesis involves the formation of cleavage furrow to separate the cells.
E)The G1 checkpoint determines if conditions are favorable for cell division and if the DNA is undamaged.

Question 21

The life cycle of a sexually reproducing organism must includes which processes?

A)mitosis and meiosis.
B)mitosis,meiosis,and fusion of the gametes.
C)meiosis and fusion of gametes
D)only mitosis
E)only meiosis

Question 22

A species that has three pairs of homologous chromosomes can have how many different combinations of chromosomes in the gametes?

A)3
B)6
C)8
D)27
E)64

Question 23

Which of the following mutations will not alter the amount of genetic material on the chromosomes?

A)duplication
B)inversion
C)simple translocation
D)deficiency
E)inversion and simple translocation

Question 24

For any given species,cells in metaphase II of meiosis would contain 2* more genetic material than cells in metaphase of mitosis.

Question 25

Mitotic cell division is never used by organisms as a means of reproduction.

Question 26

In a tetraploid species,how many sets of chromosomes would a euploid individual possess?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)2n+2

Question 27

The centromere

A)is a region of DNA where sister chromatids associate.
B)is a group of proteins that attach to the kinetochore.
C)is only present when chromosomes are highly compacted.
D)is a group of proteins that attach to the mitotic spindle.
E)is not present on the chromosomes of the daughter cells until the S phasE.

Question 28

A chromosome with the centromere located two-thirds of the distance from its end could be classified as

A)metacentric.
B)submetacentric.
C)acrocentriC.
D)telocentric.
E)either submetacentric or acrocentric.

Question 29

When a gamete that is lacking a sex chromosome due to nondisjunction has fused with a gamete carrying an X chromosome,this type of abnormality leads to ________.

A)Triple X syndrome
B)Down Syndrome
C)Edward Syndrome
D)Turner syndrome
E)Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 30

Synaptonemal complexes form during

A)prophase of meiosis I.
B)prophase of meiosis II.
C)prophase of meiosis I and meiosis II.
D)prometaphase of meiosis I.
E)prometaphase of meiosis II.

Question 31

A female who inherits an extra X chromosome will have

A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Turner syndrome.
C)Down syndrome.
D)Triple X syndrome.
E)Edward syndromE.

Question 32

In mitosis and cytokinesis,the main difference between plant and animal cells is that

A)plants do not undergo cytokinesis.
B)plants produce a cell plate to segregate the daughter nuclei,while animals form a cleavage furrow.
C)plants have a central vacuole,while animal cells do not.
D)plants produce a cell membrane in cytokinesis,while animals form a cell plate.
E)in plants,kinetochore microtubules shorten and draw chromosomes toward the poles;in animals,polar microtubules lengthen to push chromatids apart.

Question 33

Sister chromatids separate during

A)anaphase of meiosis I.
B)metaphase of meiosis I.
C)metaphase of meiosis II.
D)telophase of meiosis I.
E)anaphase of meiosis II.

Question 34

The karyotype of a normal human male would show a total of 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.

Question 35

A diploid queen honeybee produces eggs by meiosis.Some of these eggs are never fertilized,while the rest are.These unfertilized eggs develop into haploid male honeybees.This can be an example of sexual reproduction.

Question 36

Meiosis I produces ________ cells,and meiosis II produces _________ cells.

A)two diploid,two haploid
B)two diploid,4 haploid
C)two haploid,4 haploid
D)two haploid,two haploid
E)two somatic,two gametic

Question 37

Put the following steps in the procedure for producing a karyotype in the correct order.
I)Cells are visualized under the microscope.
II)Cells are stimulated to divide.
III)Homologues are organized into sets by matching size and banding patterns.
IV)The cells are exposed to a hypotonic solution.
V)Cells are stained and placed on a microscope slide.

A)I,II,IV,V,III
B)II,IV,V,I,III
C)IV,II,V,I,III
D)IV,V,II,I,III
E)II,IV,I,V,III

Question 38

What does NOT happen in the cytokinesis of plant cells?

A)Vesicles from the golgi apparatus move along the microtubules and fuse form cell plate.
B)Cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.
C)The two nuclei are segregated into separate daughter cells.
D)When the vesicles fuse,their membranes contribute to the formation of plasma membrane on either side of the cell plate.
E)Formation of the cleavage furrow separates the cells.

Question 39

Homologous chromosomes are identical copies of each other.

Question 40

Chromosomes are replicated during the ______ phase.

A)G1
B)G2
C)S
D)M
E)meta-

Question 41

The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle.Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the phase of the cell cycle where the blue arrow is pointing?

A)At this point in the cell cycle,the cell has determined that the DNA is intact,that environmental conditions are favorable,and it is preparing for DNA replication
B)At this point in the cell cycle,chromosomes have properly aligned on the metaphase plate and are beginning to separate
C)At this point in the cell cycle,DNA has already been replicated and divided into two daughter nuclei
D)At this point in the cycle the cell is determining if environmental conditions are favorable for growth and proliferation
E)At this point in the cycle the cell is continuing to grow and make abundant tubulin proteins

Question 42

Which of the following statements regarding the G1 (first gap)phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is NOT true?

A)Most cells spend the majority of their lives in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
B)Cells that are terminally differentiated and will not divide mitotically might exit the G1 phase and enter the G0 phase.
C)If environmental conditions are favorable during the G1 phase,G1 cyclins are degraded causing the cell to prepare to replicate its DNA.
D)The G1 phase is only part of interphase.
E)All of these are TRUE

Question 43

A mutation occurs in a gene that encodes a G1-cyclin,such that the protein is unable to bind to its CDK.How will this affect the cell cycle?

A)The cell will be stuck in G1 and will not advance through the cell cycle.
B)The cell will replicate its DNA,but will be unable to progress through mitosis.
C)The cell will rapidly replicate its DNA and progress through mitosis,causing uncontrolled cell division,and may lead to cancer.
D)The cell will proceed through mitosis without replicating its DNA.
E)The cell will proceed to the S phase,and DNA repair enzymes will repair the mutated cyclin when it replicates the DNA.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is TRUE?

A)Sister chromatids are produced during mitosis
B)Sister chromatids are held together by complementary base pairing of DNA at the centromere
C)Sister chromatids are exact copies of each other
D)Sister chromatids contain the same genes,but they may have different alleles
E)All of these statements about sister chromatids are TRUE

Question 45

Sexual life cycles include both haploid and diploid stages.

Question 46

A cell undergoing meiosis that contains sister chromatids may be either haploid or diploid.

Question 47

The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle.Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the phase of the cell cycle where the green arrow is pointing?

A)At this point in the cell cycle,the cell has determined that the DNA is intact and environmental conditions are favorable for DNA replication
B)At this point in the cell cycle,chromosomes have properly aligned on the metaphase plate and are beginning to separate
C)At this point in the cell cycle,DNA has already been replicated correctly and the cell is preparing for mitosis
D)At this point in the cycle the cell is determining if environmental conditions are favorable for growth and proliferation
E)At this point in the cycle the cell is continuing to grow and make abundant tubulin proteins

Question 48

If a cell contains 20 chromosomes during G2,it will have 40 chromosomes during S.

Question 49

At prometaphase,the sister chromatids are organized into a single row in the center of the cell.

Question 50

How are sister chromatids connected to each other?

A)Through complementary base pairing of DNA at the centromere
B)Through centromere proteins that are attracted to each other by opposite charges
C)Through activated cyclin/CDK complexes
D)Through the centrioles
E)Through cohesin proteins

Question 51

Colchicine is a toxin that binds to tubulin proteins and prevents microtubules from polymerizing.What affect might this have on dividing cells?

A)Cells will be able to complete mitosis,but cytokinesis will not occur
B)Chromosomes will not be able to condense,so mitosis will not occur
C)Sister chromatids will not be properly separated into separate daughter cells
D)Replicated chromosomes will not be able to stick together,so sister chromatids will not properly sort into daughter nuclei
E)The cell will not be able to move past the G1 checkpoint,so DNA will not be replicated.

Question 52

One major difference between metaphase I and metaphase II is the presence or absence of bivalents.

Question 53

The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle.Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the cell cycle where the red arrow is pointing?

A)CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating proteins that are involved in DNA replication
B)CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating proteins that are responsible for assembling the mitotic spindle
C)CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating and activating cyclins so that the cell will prepare to replicate its DNA
D)CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating and activating cyclins so that the cell will properly assemble the spindle apparatus
E)CDK proteins are actively phosphorylating regions of the DNA that need to be targeted for DNA repair

Question 54

The following graph represents the concentration of cyclins over the course of the cell cycle.Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the phase of the cell cycle where the red arrow is pointing?

A)At this point in the cell cycle,the cell is committing to divide mitotically
B)At this point in the cell cycle,DNA has already been replicated correctly
C)At this point in the cell cycle,chromosomes have properly aligned on the metaphase plate and are beginning to separate
D)At this point in the cycle the cell is determining if environmental conditions are favorable
E)At this point in the cycle the cell is continuing to grow and make abundant tubulin proteins