Deck 1: What Is the Criminal Justice System

Question 1

An example of a mala prohibita crime that is not also necessarily a mala in se crime is:

A)rape.
B)murder.
C)assisted suicide.
D)robbery.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Kim is a criminology student.During a classroom lecture,Kim's phone starts ringing out loud.When she answers the call instead of disconnecting it,the professor stops the lecture and glares at her till she hangs up.Kim gets embarrassed and sinks into her seat.Kim's behavior is a violation of a:

A)social norm.
B)crime.
C)behavioral rule.
D)public rule.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An intoxicated man breaks into a house he thinks is his own and falls asleep on the couch.When the residents of the home find him,they call the police.The man is arrested for breaking and entering.The judge sentences the man to an in-house treatment center for 30 days.The man received a(n)________ sanction.

A)informal
B)treatment
C)light
D)formal

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An intoxicated man breaks into a house he thinks is his own and falls asleep on the couch.When the residents of the home find him,they call the police.The man is arrested for breaking and entering.The presiding judge sentences the man to commit himself to an in-house treatment center for 30 days.The man's behavior is an example of a violation of a:

A)behavioral rule.
B)formal norm.
C)public rule.
D)social norm.

Question 5

The violation of a norm is called ________.

A)correction
B)sanction
C)deviance
D)due process

Question 6

In 2004,Scott Peterson went on trial as a suspect in the murder of his wife and unborn child.The media extensively covered the trial starting from the time the victim,Lindsay Peterson,was reported missing.After a long trial,Scott was found guilty of a capital crime and was sentenced to death in 2005.In Westernized cultures,Scott Peterson's crime would most likely be classified as:

A)mala prohibitA.
B)a status violation.
C)mala in se.
D)a violation of informal social norms.

Question 7

Wearing your pajamas to work would be a violation of a(n):

A)written law.
B)formal social norm.
C)informal social norm.
D)behavior rule.

Question 8

Kim is a criminology student.During a classroom lecture,Kim's phone starts ringing out loud.When she answers the call instead of disconnecting it,the professor stops the lecture and glares at her till she hangs up.Kim gets embarrassed and sinks into her seat.In this scenario,Kim has received a(n)________ type of sanction.

A)informal
B)formal
C)regulatory
D)criminal

Question 9

The criminal justice system is set into motion when ________ is violated.

A)an informal social norm
B)a legal norm
C)a community standard
D)any social norm

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of social norms?

A)An individual's deviance from a social norm is called a legal norm.
B)In the criminal justice system,lawmakers are forbidden from changing any informal social norm to a legal social norm.
C)They are the unwritten,informal rules that are followed by individuals.
D)They are also called legal rules.

Question 11

Which perspective argues that laws are made to serve and represent the interest of the public majority?

A)The hierarchical perspective
B)The dominant perspective
C)The conflict perspective
D)The consensus perspective

Question 12

Which perspective argues that laws are influenced and created by those who control the political and economic power within the society?

A)The conflict perspective
B)The passive perspective
C)The social agreement perspective
D)The consensus perspective

Question 13

A 2010 Gallup poll found that ________% of Americans supported the legalization of marijuana.

A)92
B)23
C)46
D)69

Question 14

Conflict and competition among groups vying for power is the result of _________.

A)generation of man-made resources that can be recycled
B)the crime model that focuses on punishing every offender in a fair manner
C)the general belief that there is less crime than there actually is
D)unequal distribution of resources in society

Question 15

For a behavior to be considered a crime,it must be:

A)defined by society as a crime.
B)against all social norms.
C)committed by an individual in publiC.
D)witnessed by at least one person.

Question 16

Mala prohibita crimes are also known as ________.

A)decree nisi crimes
B)mala in se crimes
C)statutory crimes
D)morally wrong crimes

Question 17

Mala in se crimes are:

A)behaviors that are morally wrong.
B)victimless.
C)wrong because the law says they are wrong.
D)not universally accepted as being wrong.

Question 18

The vast majority of people living in our society want to be protected from violence and theft.Because of this desire to be safe,our society has laws to prohibit members of our society from harming others and from taking possessions that belong to others.The laws described in the above scenario indicate evidence of a society that is heavily based on the ________.

A)hierarchical perspective
B)radical perspective
C)consensus perspective
D)conflict perspective

Question 19

A(n)________ is a rule that gives clarity on the behavior or action that is appropriate or expected in a given situation.

A)advocate
B)correction
C)norm
D)sanction

Question 20

Behaviors that society considers deviant:

A)are consistent over time and across locations.
B)are consistent across locations but change over time.
C)differ across locations but are consistent over time.
D)change over time and across locations.

Question 21

The two courts of the United States dual-court system are the:

A)state and government.
B)state and federal.
C)government and local.
D)county and state.

Question 22

A first-time offender is charged with misdemeanor for marijuana possession.This offense can best be classified under ________ of the wedding cake model.

A)layer 1
B)layer 3
C)layer 4
D)layer 2

Question 23

While intoxicated,a man breaks into a home he thinks is his own and falls asleep on the couch.When the residents of the home find him,they call the police.The man is arrested for breaking and entering.The presiding judge sentences the man to commit to an in-house treatment center for 30 days.What type of sentence did the man receive?

A)Parole
B)Alternative
C)Community service
D)Probation

Question 24

While walking down the street,John is robbed and beaten.He is traumatized by the incident along with the court proceedings that follow.Who would you recommend as the best and most-qualified person for John to speak with about his trauma?

A)A judge
B)A prosecutor
C)A victim advocate
D)A witness counselor

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true about the criminal justice system?

A)A prosecutor decides whether a case should go to trial.
B)Few state courts have trial and appellate courts.
C)State courts consist of the U.S.Supreme Court and the district courts.
D)Law enforcement officers are entrusted to use force only when necessary.

Question 26

In the contemporary view,the main parts of the criminal justice system are ________.

A)law enforcement,judiciary,corrections,and courts
B)law enforcement,jails,prisons,and courts
C)law enforcement,courts,corrections,and victims services
D)probation,law enforcement,corrections,and victim services

Question 27

Rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior are:

A)laws.
B)corrective actions.
C)behavioral adjustments.
D)sanctions.

Question 28

Which criminal justice actor has the responsibility of instructing the jury for rendering the verdict about a case?

A)Probation officer
B)Court mediator
C)Judge
D)Prosecutor

Question 29

While walking down the street,John witnesses a friend being robbed and beaten.The police rely heavily on what John saw to find the perpetrator and ask him to testify in court against the assailant.John is traumatized by his friend's suffering and his own involvement in the trial.In this scenario,John is a(n):

A)victim witness.
B)secondary victim.
C)crime victim.
D)perpetrator witness.

Question 30

A(n)_____ is a sentence that is served by an offender in a treatment facility or in community service.

A)jail sentence
B)FIR sentence
C)house-arrest sentence
D)alternative sentence

Question 31

Circuit courts are also known as ________.

A)district courts
B)federal courts
C)appellate courts
D)state courts

Question 32

The person who is appointed to assist victims with every aspect of the post-victimization period is called the:

A)victim counselor.
B)victim advocate.
C)public counselor.
D)trauma advocate.

Question 33

Individuals may receive an early release from prison based on their compliance with certain standards when they are free.These individuals are under ________.

A)correctional supervision
B)community watch
C)parole
D)probation

Question 34

A group of young men gets caught breaking into a convenience store at night to steal packs of cigarettes.Because it is their first offense,the judge sentences them to remain in the community under court supervision without any time incarcerated.What type of sanction did they receive?

A)Probation
B)Community
C)Parole
D)Punitive

Question 35

The descriptions written by victims to describe how their victimization affected them is called ________.

A)victim impact statements
B)victim forms
C)feeling statements
D)victimology forms

Question 36

In 2013,approximately how many people were incarcerated in the United States (including those held in state and federal prisons and local jails)?

A)20 million
B)250,000
C)2.3 million
D)1 million

Question 37

The U.S.Supreme Court is classified under the ________ system.

A)federal court
B)world court
C)state court
D)local court

Question 38

An individual was issued a speeding ticket by a traffic cop.This offense can best be classified under ________ of the wedding cake model.

A)layer 2
B)layer 3
C)layer 1
D)layer 4

Question 39

In the United States,federal courts consist of ________.

A)only the circuit courts
B)only the Supreme Court
C)district courts,appellate courts,and the U.S.Supreme Court
D)circuit courts and trial courts

Question 40

________ is the systematic,organized effort by society to punish offenders,protect the public,and change an offender's behavior.

A)Informal social norms
B)Deviations
C)Formal social norms
D)Corrections

Question 41

Identify a true statement about the factors that influence criminal justice.

A)Media houses are prohibited from broadcasting shows that cause moral panic in people.
B)In general,U.S.residents believe there is much more crime than there actually is.
C)Individuals are less likely to be victimized by someone they know.
D)Most criminal behaviors are crimes against persons and are confrontational.

Question 42

When was the due process model at its peak?

A)1950s
B)1970s
C)1960s
D)1980s

Question 43

Certain offenders in prison have been convicted for crimes without DNA testing.Several of these offenders request to get the test done so as to prove their innocence.However,several district attorneys contest this request and argue that the tests are unnecessary as the offenders have already been proven to be guilty beyond reasonable doubt.The failure of states to accommodate DNA requests is reflective of the ________.

A)evidence procedural model
B)due process model
C)crime control model
D)processing model

Question 44

In 2004,Scott Peterson went on trial as a suspect in the murder of his wife and unborn child.The media extensively covered the trial starting from the time the victim,Lindsay Peterson,was reported missing.After a long trial,Scott was found guilty of a capital crime and was sentenced to death in 2005.Scott Peterson's case can best be classified under ________ of the wedding cake model.

A)layer 1
B)layer 2
C)layer 4
D)layer 3

Question 45

The individuals most likely to be victims of crimes are:

A)young females.
B)elderly males.
C)young males.
D)elderly females.

Question 46

What was the incidence of violent crime in the United States in 2008?

A)56 per 100,000 population
B)1,250 per 100,000 population
C)454 per 100,000 population
D)30,200 per 100,000 population

Question 47

Individuals who are most fearful of crime typically get their news from:

A)local news.
B)radio news.
C)the Internet.
D)national news.

Question 48

A local news station reports a burglary that occurred in a small town.The house was broken into and only small items were taken.After watching the news,a group of neighbors on the other side of the town decide to get together and set up a vigilante group to police their streets.They also decide that it is necessary to arm themselves with firearms while they roam their neighborhood.This reaction is an example of:

A)the due process model.
B)moral panic.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)paroling.

Question 49

A first-time offender steals a car.This offense can best be classified under ________ of the wedding cake model.

A)layer 4
B)layer 3
C)layer 1
D)layer 2

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the crime control model?

A)It advocates strong procedural protections that would support human rights.
B)It focuses on increasing the efficiency of arresting and processing of alleged criminals.
C)It focuses on quick response to and punishing criminal behavior.
D)It considers repression of criminal conduct as the most important function of criminal justice.

Question 51

Which model advocates the assembly-line justice?

A)The crime control model
B)The due process model
C)The process model
D)The offenses model

Question 52

The crime control model is mainly focused on:

A)creating effective policies that focus on the human rights of offenders.
B)the efficient arrest and processing of alleged offenders.
C)the policies that deal with the rehabilitation of the arrested offenders.
D)creating constitutional protection policies for offenders.

Question 53

Media reports on violent crimes,such as murders,give viewers the impression that:

A)these crimes are more common than they actually are.
B)these crimes never occur.
C)these crimes are less common than they actually are.
D)media coverage is accurate regarding the frequency of these crimes.

Question 54

In the context of the race of the victim and the offender,most crimes are:

A)racially motivated.
B)intraracial.
C)interracial.
D)perpetrated by a Black offender on a White victim.

Question 55

The police must obtain a search warrant before searching a suspect's house.This statement is supportive of the ________ crime model.

A)due process
B)swift execution
C)proactive discrimination
D)crime control

Question 56

What famous case,introduced in 1966,made it a requirement for police to notify suspects of their rights?

A)Miranda v.Unites States
B)Miranda v.Arizona
C)Thomas v.Arizona
D)Plessy v.Ferguson

Question 57

Which group is the most fearful of crime?

A)Children in rural commuinities
B)Elderly women
C)Middle-aged men
D)Young men

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of due process?

A)It processes offenders through the system as quickly as possible.
B)It notifies individuals of their rights.
C)It makes sure that offenders are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
D)It emphasizes on people's constitutional rights.

Question 59

The police catch Tom after he robs a house and puts him in jail under suspicion.When taken to the court for arraignment the next day,they brief Tom about the charges filed against him.After this,Tom's attorney asks the court for bail.Because Tom has a prior criminal record,no job,and no family living in the area,the judge denies bail and rules that Tom must be in jail until sentencing.Before the case goes to trial,Tom is offered a plea bargain by the district attorney assigned to the case.Complying with the terms of the plea bargain,Tom pleads guilty and is sentenced to nine months in jail followed by a twelve-month probation period.According to the wedding cake model,Tom's crime can best be classified under ________.

A)layer 2
B)layer 1
C)layer 4
D)layer 3

Question 60

The due process model is mainly focused on the:

A)processes that focus on quick conviction and sentencing.
B)general public's right to be free of crime.
C)threat to the procedural rights of offenders.
D)efficient arrest and processing of alleged criminal offenders.

Question 61

What percentage of African American males aged 20-29 are under the supervision of the criminal justice system?

A)One-half
B)Three-fourths
C)One-tenth
D)One-third

Question 62

As a nation,the United States has ________.

A)a legal system that prohibits the U.S.Congress from passing any new laws
B)evolved from a country that contains dual courts to a single-court system
C)become highly digitally dependent
D)a network that contains federal policies that are completely independent of the policies established by the local justice agencies

Question 63

In the 1980s,there was an ideological shift in the criminal justice system to be more focused on:

A)therapy.
B)punitive punishment.
C)drug treatment.
D)rehabilitation.

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true about the challenges faced by the criminal justice today?

A)In the United States,the economy,national security,educational systems,critical infrastructure,and social lives rely very little on cyberspace.
B)The number of reported data breaches has spiked with an increase in state-sponsored cybercrime and organized crime networks.
C)On the governmental front,the FBI's visibility into cyber threats has steadily reduced.
D)As a nation,the United States has become highly digitally independent.

Question 65

Recently,there has been an increasing number of vandalisms and thefts in a neighborhood.Most of the people are concerned that a number of unsupervised young males who live in the area might be the perpetrators.To deal with the issue,they want increased police presence in the area and the city to implement a curfew.The people in the locality form a group and start calling and sending letters to the mayor's office,threatening to not vote for him in the next election if he does not meet their demands.The group created is an example of a(n)_______.

A)hierarchical group
B)concessions group
C)interest group
D)political group

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true about youth and drug use?

A)Black and White youth use drugs at the same rate.
B)Black youth use more drugs than White youth.
C)Black and White youth are equally represented in the criminal justice system for drug use.
D)White youth use more drugs than Black youth.

Question 67

Which group has the second highest incarceration rate?

A)Latinos
B)Native Americans
C)Asians
D)Whites

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true about the influences on criminal justice?

A)In general,U.S.residents believe there is less crime than there actually is.
B)In the United States,legislators can decide how much money the country will spend on prisons,policing,the court system,and victim services.
C)Moral panic in the United States is an objective,rational reaction exhibited by individuals when they are subjected to the due process model of crime prevention.
D)Lawmakers in the United States are prohibited from giving states access to federal funds.

Question 69

The ________ was assigned lead agency responsibility for countering terrorist threats within the United States and its interests overseas.

A)Supreme Court
B)Federal Bureau of Investigation
C)Government Accountability Office
D)Office of Probation and Pretrial Services

Question 70

Which state does NOT have a DNA testing law?

A)Texas
B)Alaska
C)Wisconsin
D)New York