Deck 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Question 1

Normal biota of the ureters and bladder include

A)nonhemolytic Streptococcus.
B)Staphylococcus.
C)Corynebacterium.
D)Escherichia coli.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The most common mode of disease transmission in UTIs is

A)fomites.
B)indirect contact.
C)opportunism.
D)aerosol.
E)endogenous transfer.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Leptospirosis

A)has only humans as a reservoir.
B)is communicable.
C)can be contracted from the environment.
D)is strictly transmitted by sexual contact.
E)is contracted by the fecal-oral route.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Lactobacillis in the female reproductive tract

A)is protective.
B)is indicative of underlying infection.
C)is the causative agent in common yeast infections.
D)can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.
E)can contribute to STDs.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal biota of the female reproductive tract during childbearing years?

A)Vaginal pH is neutral.
B)Estrogen causes glycogen release.
C)Lactobacilli convert sugars to acid.
D)Candida albicans is present in small amounts.
E)Secretory IgA provides protection.

Question 6

Which of the following organisms causes urinary tract infections?

A)Proteus mirabilis
B)Schistosoma haematobium
C)Treponema pallidum
D)group B Streptococcus
E)Gardnerella

Question 7

The predominant microorganism in the female reproductive tract during childbearing years is

A)Corynebacterium.
B)Staphylococcus.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)Lactobacillus.
E)Candida albicans.

Question 8

Normal biota of the urethra include all of the following except

A)nonhemolytic Streptococcus.
B)Staphylococcus.
C)Corynebacterium.
D)Escherichia coli.
E)Lactobacillus.

Question 9

All of the following are signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections except

A)red blood cells in urine.
B)painful urination.
C)white blood cells in urine.
D)nausea.
E)diarrhea.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of prostatitis?

A)caused by GI tract biota
B)can be chronic or acute
C)the specific agent is easy to determine
D)patients may be very ill with the acute form
E)accompanied by pain and frequent,difficult urination

Question 11

Trichomonas vaginalis

A)does not produce cysts.
B)in males causes urethritis.
C)in females causes vaginitis with a foul-smelling discharge.
D)has four flagella and an undulating membrane.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Infection of the urinary bladder is called

A)urethritis.
B)pyelonephritis.
C)cystitis.
D)vaginitis.
E)PID.

Question 13

Trichomonas vaginalis is a

A)fungus.
B)bacteria.
C)helminth.
D)protozoan.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 14

Infected animals shed Leptospira interrogans in their

A)feces.
B)blood.
C)urine.
D)respiratory secretions.
E)saliva.

Question 15

The best prevention for UTIs is

A)to avoid contact.
B)hygiene.
C)to flush tract with alcohol.
D)to consume a high-carbohydrate diet.

Question 16

The most common causative agent of urinary tract infections is

A)Escherichia coli O157:H7.
B)Escherichia coli.
C)Staphylococcus aureus.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Question 17

Leptospirosis has all of the following characteristics except

A)most common in cattle,horses,pigs,and dogs.
B)pathogen is a spirochete.
C)infects kidneys,liver,brain,and eyes.
D)humans acquire it by contact with abraided skin or mucous membranes.
E)can be transmitted by animal bites.

Question 18

The most common cause of vaginitis is

A)Candida albicans.
B)Escherichia coli.
C)Staphylococcus aureus.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a defense of the genitourinary tract?

A)flushing action of urine
B)lysozyme
C)IgA
D)IgG
E)mucus secretions

Question 20

Candida albicans is a

A)fungus.
B)bacteria.
C)helminth.
D)protozoa.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 21

The chancre of syphilis

A)occurs due to small hemorrhaging of capillaries.
B)is very painful.
C)occurs during the tertiary stage.
D)develops into a lesion with firm margins and an ulcerated,central crater.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

The following are characteristics of chlamydias except

A)they are gram negative.
B)they are obligate parasites that need host cells for growth.
C)their elementary bodies are the infectious form.
D)the formation of elementary bodies is not part of the lifecycle.
E)their reticulate bodies differentiate into elementary bodies.

Question 23

Which of the following is the current effective treatment for syphilis?

A)mercury
B)arsenic
C)malaria
D)penicillin G
E)ampicillin

Question 24

The primary virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is

A)endotoxin.
B)exotoxin.
C)kinase.
D)fimbriae.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 25

The secondary stage of syphilis

A)is when the patient is no longer infectious to others.
B)occurs within 10 days of the primary stage.
C)is a time when the pathogen enters and multiplies in the blood.
D)has no symptoms.
E)is when gummas develop in tissues.

Question 26

Treponema pallidum

A)has humans as the reservoir.
B)can cross the placenta.
C)has a hooked tip to attach to epithelium.
D)is transmitted by direct sexual contact.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

The leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease is

A)gonorrhea.
B)chlamydia.
C)genital herpes.
D)syphilis.
E)HIV.

Question 28

During which stage of syphilis does fever,lymphadenopathy,and a red to brown rash occur?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)latent
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Syphilitic tumors called _____ develop in the liver,skin,bone,and cartilage during the tertiary stage of syphilis.

A)chancres
B)gummas
C)ulcers
D)nodules
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 30

The latency period of syphilis can last up to

A)3 to 6 months.
B)1 year.
C)10 years
D)20 years or more.
E)Syphilis is never a latent infection.

Question 31

Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)latent
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 32

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is

A)the cause of ophthalmia neonatorum.
B)the cause of gonorrhea.
C)called the gonococcus.
D)virulent due to fimbriae and a protease that inactivates IgA.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

A)nongonococcal urethritis in males.
B)cervicitis in females.
C)congenital conjunctivitis.
D)pelvic inflammatory disease in females.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 34

The best way to directly observe spirochetes is ____ microscopy.

A)bright-field
B)dark-field
C)fluorescent
D)phase-contrast
E)electron scanning

Question 35

Pelvic inflammatory disease results from infection of the

A)vagina.
B)fallopian tubes.
C)ovaries.
D)Both vagina and fallopian tubes are correct.
E)Both fallopian tubes and ovaries are correct.

Question 36

The most common reported STD in the United States is

A)gonorrhea.
B)chlamydia.
C)genital herpes.
D)syphilis.
E)HIV.

Question 37

Lymphogranuloma venereum is a complication of

A)gonorrhea.
B)chlamydia.
C)genital herpes.
D)syphilis.
E)HIV.

Question 38

All of the following pertain to gonorrhea except

A)a chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry.
B)is a sexually transmitted disease.
C)pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),epididymitis,and infertility are complications.
D)females can have asymptomatic infection.
E)symptoms include painful urination and discharge.

Question 39

Pelvic inflammatory disease often leads to

A)ovarian cancer.
B)uterine cancer.
C)cervical cancer.
D)infertility.
E)kidney cancer.

Question 40

The rash of secondary syphilis

A)causes severe itching.
B)is intensely painful.
C)only lasts a few days.
D)usually disappears spontaneously after a few weeks.
E)appears within 1 to 2 days of infection.

Question 41

Gardasil prevents infection by group B Streptococcus types 6,11,16,and 18.

Question 42

Group B streptococcal infections can cause serious infections in infants through vertical transmission.

Question 43

Even after a positive test for a microbial cause,prostatitis is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.Why?

A)It is a viral infection.
B)Drug-induced side effects are too great.
C)Mixed biofilms are hard to kill.
D)The infection is sporadic.
E)Prostatitis is never caused by bacteria.

Question 44

What findings would you expect to find on urinalysis?

A)increased glucose
B)depleted protein
C)WBCs and RBCs
D)increased pH

Question 45

What findings would make you concerned for a more complicated diagnosis?

A)high fever and low back pain
B)lack of fever and RLQ tenderness
C)nausea and vomiting
D)lack of pain and pink urine

Question 46

Chlamydiosis can lead to cervicitis,salpingitis,and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 47

Chancroid

A)is caused by Treponema pallidum.
B)is caused by a spirochete.
C)presents with a hard chancre.
D)is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
E)is very painful in both sexes.

Question 48

The antivirals used for herpes simplex infections have the ability to completely destroy the virus and permanently cure the latent infection.

Question 49

Warts are caused by

A)bacteria.
B)enveloped DNA viruses.
C)nonenveloped DNA viruses.
D)enveloped RNA viruses.
E)nonenveloped RNA viruses.

Question 50

All of the following pertain to genital warts except

A)are not common in the United States.
B)are sexually transmitted.
C)often occur on the penis,vagina,and cervix.
D)includes large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminate.
E)certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis.

Question 51

Chlamydia trachomatis is commonly transmitted by direct sexual activity.

Question 52

Chlamydias can cross the placenta and cause intrauterine infection.

Question 53

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex 1 is

A)shingles.
B)paralysis.
C)encephalitis.
D)myocarditis.
E)kidney failure.

Question 54

Which group is at greatest risk for group B Streptococcus infection?

A)pregnant women
B)neonates
C)21-year-old females
D)21-year-old males
E)older adults (age 65 years and older)

Question 55

Herpes simplex 1

A)is exclusive to oral mucosa.
B)is exclusive to genitourinary tract.
C)confers immunity to herpes simplex 2.
D)is cleared by acyclovir.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 56

All of the following are true for HSV-2 except

A)becomes latent in sacral ganglion.
B)virus is only shed from active lesions.
C)is reactivated by bacterial infections.
D)can infect oral mucosa.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 57

Based on the presentation,what diagnosis would be your main suspicion?

A)urethritis
B)cystitis
C)pyelonephritis
D)general urinary tract infection

Question 58

Which of the following are characteristics that can be utilized to distinguish between vaginitis and vaginosis?

A)causative agent
B)presence of vaginal inflammation
C)presence of discharge
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 59

Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2?

A)interferon
B)valacyclovir
C)acyclovir
D)famciclovir
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2)causes

A)genital lesions.
B)intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals.
C)symptoms that include urethritis,cervicitis,and itching.
D)infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 61

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A)herpes
B)primary syphilis
C)chancroid
D)molluscum

Question 62

Mark informs you that he has a friend who had syphilis,but the lesion healed on its own without antibiotics.Therefore,he does not want to take the antibiotics.What is the best response?

A)"You're right.This will probably heal on its own.You don't need the antibiotics."
B)"The lesion will heal on its own,but latent syphilis will cause serious disease later on and must be treated."
C)"Well,since syphilis is primarily viral in nature,an antibiotic wouldn't help you anyways."
D)"You got yourself into this mess,and only antibiotics will get you out of it."

Question 63

Based on Adam's clinical presentation and history alone,how could you have distinguished gonorrhea from chlamydia?

A)Chlamydia rarely presents with a yellow discharge.
B)Painful urination is the hallmark of gonorrhea.
C)Chlamydia additionally presents with lower abdominal pain.
D)Gonorrhea and chlamydia mimic each other in presentation.

Question 64

How do you advise Adam to prevent future gonorrheal infection?

A)always use a condom for sexual contact
B)vaccination with Gardisil
C)strict abstinence
D)Gonorrhea will always be latent in Adam's system.

Question 65

The doctor's order prescribes an antibiotic regimen.Brittany wants to know if she can skip the antibiotics if she continues to increase her intake of cranberry juice.What is the best response?

A)"Cranberry juice should acidify your bladder and urinary tract,effectively killing bacteria.Antibiotics shouldn't be necessary."
B)"Actually,your normal vaginal biota should be able to fight this infection without the use of antibiotics or additional therapies."
C)"It is important to complete a round of antibiotics to prevent this infection from becoming more serious."
D)"You must take the antibiotics to prevent this infection from spreading to Colby."

Question 66

How will diagnosis be confirmed?

A)dark-field microscopy
B)blood antigen test
C)rapid plasma reagin
D)All of these tests can confirm diagnosis.

Question 67

Adam asks you to keep his diagnosis a secret.What is the best response?

A)"I promise to not tell anyone.I'm bound by HIPAA laws."
B)"I am required,by law,to contact the health department,and you should notify any recent sexual partners."
C)"Once an STI is detected,HIPAA laws no longer apply.This information will be carried with your school record wherever you go."
D)"I'm required,by law,to contact the health department,unless you sign this 'Waiver of Liability' form."

Question 68

Which antibiotic will Adam be treated with?

A)amoxicillin
B)bactrim
C)cefdinir
D)Choice of antibiotic depends on local resistance patterns.

Question 69

The MD in the clinic wrote a prescription for acyclovir when Mark called him on the phone earlier in the day.What do you do with the prescription?

A)Give the prescription to Mark since the doctor wrote it.
B)Give the prescription to Mark so he can use it in the future.
C)Call the doctor and advocate for a prescription of penicillin G instead.
D)Ask the doctor to write a prescription for a broad-spectrum antibiotic.