Deck 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

The virulence factor for mumps is

A)inflammation.
B)acid production.
C)endotoxin.
D)enterotoxin.
E)spike-induced syncytium.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The mucinous glycoprotein covering teeth that streptococci attach to is called the

A)enamel.
B)pellicle.
C)gingiva.
D)lactoferrin.
E)oral membrane.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which organ of the GI tract has a large commensal population of microorganisms?

A)liver
B)salivary glands
C)pancreas
D)large intestine
E)small intestine

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Campylobacter infection has all of the following characteristics except it

A)can last over 2 weeks.
B)can burrow into the mucosa of the ileum and multiply.
C)can lead to Guillain-Barre syndrome.
D)can cause acute temporary paralysis.
E)is caused by a shiga toxin.

Question 5

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)H antigen - flagellar
B)K antigen - capsule
C)O antigen - cell wall
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 6

Helicobacter pylori causes

A)gastritis.
B)duodenal ulcers.
C)stomach ulcers.
D)increased risk for stomach cancer.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Defenses of the GI tract against pathogens include

A)mucus,acid,and saliva.
B)secretory IgA and lysozyme.
C)peristalsis.
D)GALT.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The most common infectious disease in humans is

A)the common cold.
B)dental caries.
C)pharyngitis.
D)diarrhea.
E)gastritis.

Question 9

All of the following are characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni except it

A)is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated chicken,meat,milk,and water.
B)causes fever and a watery stool.
C)infects the stomach.
D)produces an enterotoxin that stimulates diarrhea.
E)has gram-negative curved rods with darting motility.

Question 10

Which is incorrect about shigellosis?

A)Outbreaks have occurred in day care centers.
B)Watery diarrhea with bloody,mucoid stools and abdominal cramps.
C)It frequently involves septicemia.
D)Human carriers cause fecal transmission.
E)It is also called dysentery.

Question 11

Escherichia coli infections

A)are often transmitted by fecal-contaminated water and food.
B)have been due to undercooked meat.
C)involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea.
D)can be self-limiting with the only treatment being rehydration.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Which is true of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?

A)Y.pseudotuberculosis causes tuberculosis.
B)They cause intense pain from inflammation of the ileum.
C)They cause Guillain-Barre syndrome.
D)They are gram positive.
E)They do not cause fever.

Question 13

Which is not a characteristic of Helicobacter pylori?

A)gram negative
B)produces enteroxin that causes diarrhea
C)curved rods
D)lives in the stomach
E)produces urease that buffers stomach acidity

Question 14

The main causes of dental caries seem to be

A)Streptococcus pyogens.
B)Streptococcus mutans.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)Both A and B are correct.
E)Both B and C are correct.

Question 15

Orchitis and epididymitis are seen in young adult males as a complication of

A)croup.
B)mumps.
C)influenza.
D)measles (rubeola).
E)rubella.

Question 16

Shigella species have the following characteristics except

A)they are nonmotile,gram-negative rods.
B)the reservoir is human carriers.
C)produce urease and hydrogen sulfide.
D)they infect the large intestine.
E)they produce enterotoxin called shiga toxin.

Question 17

Salmonelloses are

A)not caused by Salmonella typhi.
B)associated with undercooked poultry and eggs,and reptile and rodent feces.
C)types of gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea.
D)treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Salmonella are

A)methane producers.
B)motile.
C)gram-positive rods.
D)lactose fermenters.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Oral flora bacteria on the tooth surface

A)develop a biofilm.
B)use fimbriae and slime layers to adhere.
C)include Streptococci that metabolize sucrose,produce sticky glucans,and form plaque.
D)include Lactobacilli and Streptococci,which ferment carbohydrates and produce acids that cause caries.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The causative organism for mumps is

A)Paramyxovirus.
B)Morbillivirus.
C)Streptococcus pyogenes.
D)Corynebacterium.
E)Vibrio.

Question 21

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include

A)headache,sweats,vomiting,severe abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.
B)chills,fever,and sweats.
C)bloody,mucus-filled stools and fever.
D)a red-skin papule that spreads to a large ulcer.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 22

The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its

A)capsule.
B)neurotoxin.
C)invasive enzymes.
D)enterotoxin.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

Giardiasis involves

A)a protozoan that does not form cysts.
B)infection by a bacteria.
C)symptoms of abdominal pain,flatulence,and diarrhea.
D)fimbriae for adherence.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by
4-23-2013

A)ingestion of cysts of the pathogen.
B)contaminated food.
C)contaminated water.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 25

"Rice-water stools" are associated with disease caused by which organism?

A)Vibrio vulnificus
B)Vibrio parahaemolyticus
C)Vibrio cholerae
D)Campylobacter jejuni
E)Helicobacter pylori

Question 26

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water except

A)cryptosporidiosis.
B)cyclosporiasis.
C)malaria.
D)campylobacter.
E)giardiasis.

Question 27

The primary viral cause of chronic diarrhea,globally,is

A)cryptosporidium.
B)rotavirus.
C)adenovirus.
D)norovirus.
E)astrovirus.

Question 28

Which is not true of Clostridium difficile?

A)a gram-positive,endospore forming rod
B)part of normal intestinal biota
C)infection precipitated by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy
D)also called pseudomembranous colitis
E)produces "rice-water" stools

Question 29

Which is incorrect about Staphylococcus aureus food intoxication?

A)Food gets contaminated by a human carrier.
B)Common associated foods include custards,ham,cream pastries,and processed meats.
C)After contamination,food must be left unrefrigerated for a few hours.
D)Ingestion of the pathogen allows it to multiply and damage the GI tract lining.
E)Symptoms come on quickly and include nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.

Question 30

A common food intoxication is caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of

A)Staphylococcus aureus.
B)Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C)Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Streptococcus agalactiae.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a normal causative agent of acute diarrhea with vomiting (food poisoning)?

A)Clostridium perfringes
B)Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin
C)Clostridium difficile
D)Bacillus cereus
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 32

Cholera symptoms include

A)copious watery diarrhea.
B)loss of blood volume.
C)acidosis,sunken eyes,and thirst.
D)hypotension,tachycardia,and shock.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

Hepatitis B infection

A)has an incubation of 2 to 7 weeks.
B)can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
C)increases risk for hepatocellular cancer.
D)is responsible for most cases of posttransfusion hepatitis.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 34

Outbreaks of which apicomplexan disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated imported raspberries and also fresh greens and drinking water?

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)cyclosporiasis
C)trichinosis
D)toxoplasmosis
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 35

The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is

A)water and electrolyte replacement.
B)antimicrobials.
C)antitoxin.
D)surgery.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 36

Inflammation of the liver with necrosis of the hepatocytes and swelling due to a mononuclear response is a disease called

A)hepatitis.
B)jaundice.
C)liver cancer.
D)mononucleosis.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 37

Hepatitis B virus

A)is principally transmitted by blood.
B)transmission risks include shared needles,anal intercourse,and heterosexual intercourse.
C)is transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers.
D)has many chronic carriers.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

Outbreaks of which disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated drinking water?

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)cyclosporiasis
C)trichinosis
D)toxoplasmosis
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 39

Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of

A)Clostridium botulinum.
B)Clostridium perfringens.
C)Clostridium difficile.
D)Clostridium tetani.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 40

All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection except it

A)is due to ingestion of contaminated,improperly stored,cooked meats and gravies.
B)is a colitis that is a superinfection.
C)often has an endogenous source.
D)is associated with disruption of normal flora due to broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
E)is the major cause of diarrhea in hospitals.

Question 41

In the absence of dietary carbohydrates,bacteria do not cause tooth decay.

Question 42

Liver flukes live in all of the following areas except the

A)small intestine.
B)liver.
C)gallbladder.
D)bile duct.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 43

General symptoms of helminth infection include all of the following except

A)eggs,larvae,or adult worms found in feces.
B)increased sensitivity to helminth antigens.
C)intense abdominal pain.
D)increased eosinophil count.
E)vague nausea.

Question 44

Which of the following helminths is paired with a correct characteristic/s of its pathogenesis?

A)Ascaris lumbricoides - life and transmission cycle B
B)Necator americanus - life and transmission cycle A
C)Trichuris trichuria - life and transmission cycle B
D)Strongyloides stercoralis - life and transmission cycle B
E)Taenia solium - life and transmission cycle A

Question 45

Antibiotics are used to treat E. coli O157:H7 caused diarrhea.

Question 46

All of the following pertain to tapeworms except

A)scolex is the head.
B)strobila is made up of proglottids.
C)proglottids are reproductive segments.
D)cysticerci are young infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat.
E)eosinophilia does not occur.

Question 47

The best treatment for acute diarrhea is oral replacement of electrolytes and water.

Question 48

E.coli O157:H7 secretes shiga exotoxin.

Question 49

Boiling will not kill Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water.

Question 50

Parasitic helminthes have the following characteristics except

A)are multicellular animals.
B)have a definitive host where the adult form lives.
C)do not exhibit drug resistance.
D)include roundworms.
E)include tapeworms.

Question 51

Carriers of hepatitis B virus are not common.

Question 52

Only feces from humans that contaminate food and water can be involved in transmission of amoebiasis.

Question 53

Ascaris lumbricoides

A)is an intestinal roundworm.
B)spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food.
C)larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines.
D)larvae migrate to the pharynx,get swallowed,and return to intestines to mature.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 54

The most common cause of liver cancer in the United States is

A)HAV.
B)HBV.
C)HCV.
D)HDV.
E)HEV.

Question 55

Mumps causes permanent sterility in young male adults.

Question 56

Which is mismatched?

A)hepatitis A virus - nonenveloped,single-stranded RNA enterovirus
B)hepatitis B virus - enveloped DNA virus
C)hepatitis C virus - RNA virus
D)hepatitis D virus - defective RNA virus that coinfects with HAV
E)hepatitis E virus - self-limiting RNA virus

Question 57

Trichinosis includes all the following except

A)encysted larvae get ingested.
B)associated with undercooked pork or bear meat.
C)migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues.
D)coiled larvae encyst in skeletal muscle.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 58

Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?

A)It is transmitted by the oral-fecal route.
B)It has flulike symptoms with discomfort near the liver and darkened urine.
C)It predisposes a person for liver cancer.
D)Immunoglobulin therapy helps decrease the severity.
E)HAVRAX is an inactivated vaccine for prevention.

Question 59

Which of the following is not true of schistosomiasis?

A)It is caused by blood flukes.
B)Larvae called cercariae can invade intact skin.
C)It may cause liver swelling or malfunction.
D)Worms can invade the brain.
E)It can "cloak" itself with proteins in the blood.

Question 60

Enterobius vermicularis is

A)a whipworm.
B)common only to the tropics and subtropics.
C)an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.
D)often fatal in heavy infestations.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 61

Research does not indicate a link between the numbers and types of bacteria causing periodontitis and thicker carotid arteries in an individual.

Question 62

DJ informs you he heard there is no treatment for hepatitis infections,and wants to know what the rest of his life is going to look like.What is the best response?

A)"This is going to be a long and difficult road.What kind of support structure do you have in place to help you through this?"
B)"There actually are many treatment modalities in place.You should talk to our doctors right away about starting a treatment."
C)"Right now,the only treatable hepatitis is hepatitis C,but new modes of treatment are being developed and studied every day."
D)"Hepatitis can be well controlled with lifestyle change.If we can figure out how you contracted the disease,we can figure out how to cure it."

Question 63

The only body fluid that can transmit hepatitis B virus is blood.

Question 64

Which test is used to detect hepatitis B?

A)radioimmunoassay
B)ELISA
C)antibody test
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 65

Most antihelminth medications act only against the worms,not the human host.

Question 66

DJ is very upset about his diagnosis.He wants to know "how on earth" he could have contracted this disease.In what way is the hepatitis B infection transmitted?

A)needle sticks
B)sexual contact
C)sharing a toothbrush
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 67

After DJ was tested for hepatitis B,the healthcare worker that drew DJ's blood set the needle down on the counter instead of in the sharps container.Several hours later,another healthcare worker stuck herself with the needle.How concerned should she be that she could contract hepatitis B?

A)She should not be concerned at all.The virus dies once the blood dries.
B)She should not be concerned at all.The virus is not transmitted blood-to-blood.
C)She should be very concerned.The virus can survive several hours in dried blood.
D)She should be very concerned.The virus multiplies indefinitely on hard surfaces.

Question 68

What organism is the leading cause of HUS in the United States?

A)Shigella
B)
C)Salmonella
D)Clostridium difficile
E)coli

Question 69

Despite acidic conditions,some microorganisms have been found residing within the human stomach.

Question 70

There are vaccines for immunity to the hepatitis B virus.

Question 71

There are no infectious agents that can invade intact skin.

Question 72

Jennifer's parents accuse your medical team of not doing everything possible to help cure Jennifer because she hasn't received any antibiotics.Why aren't antibiotics prescribed in HUS?

A)Antibiotics are of no help and may increase the pathology.
B)There are no antibiotics that can effectively treat
C)Antibiotic therapy may stunt immune system development.
D)Antibiotics are reserved for the most virulent cases of HUS.
E)coli.