Deck 14: Disorders in Immunity

Question 1

A chronic,local allergy such as hay fever is considered

A)delayed.
B)T-cell mediated.
C)atopic.
D)antibody mediated.
E)systemic anaphylactic.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters that body for a second time?

A)degranulation
B)bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C)binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D)histamine acts on smooth muscle
E)prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which is mismatched?

A)food allergy - type I hypersensitivity
B)poison ivy dermatitis - type IV hypersensitivity
C)serum sickness - type III hypersensitivity
D)transfusion reaction - type II hypersensitivity
E)hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a(n)

A)autoimmune disease.
B)immunodeficiency.
C)hypersensitivity.
D)transfusion reaction.
E)desensitization.

Question 5

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

A)ingestant
B)inhalant
C)injectant
D)contactant
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 6

Allergies run in families because

A)immunoglobulins pass from mother to fetus.
B)immunoglobulins pass through breast milk.
C)the variable region of antibodies is genetically determined.
D)relative production of IgE is inherited.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a possible symptom of type I hypersensitivity?

A)rhinitis
B)rashes
C)sneezing
D)diarrhea
E)contact dermatitis

Question 8

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

A)degranulation
B)bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C)binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D)histamine acts on smooth muscle
E)prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 9

A systemic,sometimes fatal reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is

A)delayed.
B)T-cell mediated.
C)atopic.
D)antibody mediated.
E)systemic anaphylactic.

Question 10

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?

A)degranulation
B)bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C)binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D)histamine acts on smooth muscle
E)prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 11

The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is

A)humoralpathology.
B)hemopathology.
C)epidemiology.
D)immunopathology.
E)histopathology.

Question 12

A second encounter with an allergen that causes a response is called the

A)sensitizing dose.
B)provocative dose.
C)allergic dose.
D)hypersensitivity dose.
E)desensitizing dose.

Question 13

Which type(s)of hypersensitivity is IgG involved with?

A)anaphylaxis
B)antibody mediated
C)immune complex mediated
D)both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated
E)both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated

Question 14

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm,vascular permeability,and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is

A)prostaglandin.
B)histamine.
C)leukotriene.
D)serotonin.
E)platelet-activating factor.

Question 15

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

A)ingestant
B)inhalant
C)injectant
D)contactant
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 16

Histamine causes all of the following except

A)increased sensitivity to pain.
B)constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine.
C)relaxes vascular smooth muscle.
D)wheal and flare reaction in skin.
E)pruritis and headache.

Question 17

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the

A)sensitizing dose.
B)provocative dose.
C)allergic dose.
D)hypersensitivity dose.
E)desensitizing dose.

Question 18

The major category(ies)of hypersensitivity that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are

A)type I only.
B)type I and type IV.
C)type IV only.
D)type I,type II,and type III.
E)type I,type II,type III,and type IV.

Question 19

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a(n)_____ hypersensitivity.

A)T-cell mediated
B)antibody mediated
C)immune complex mediated
D)immediate
E)both T-cell mediated and antibody mediated

Question 20

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category

A)type I only.
B)type I and type IV.
C)type IV only.
D)type I,type II,and type III.
E)type I,type II,type III,and type IV.

Question 21

All of the following are associated with IgE and mast cell-mediated allergy except

A)drug allergy.
B)eczema.
C)anaphylaxis.
D)allergic asthma.
E)systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 22

Allergic patients receiving small,controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing

A)desensitization.
B)sensitization.
C)tissue matching.
D)degranulation.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 23

Corticosteroids will

A)inhibit the activity of lymphocytes.
B)bind to histamine receptors on target organs.
C)block synthesis of leukotrienes.
D)relieve inflammatory symptoms.
E)reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles.

Question 24

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when

A)maternal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh^- fetus.
B)fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh^- mother.
C)maternal Rh^- cells enter an Rh⁺ fetus.
D)fetal Rh^- cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.
E)fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.

Question 25

Autoimmunity is typically due to

A)transfusion reaction.
B)IgE and mast cells.
C)autoantibodies and T cells.
D)graft rejection.
E)a deficiency in T-cell development.

Question 26

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause

A)recipient antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBCs.
B)fever and anemia.
C)systemic shock and kidney failure.
D)massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

All of the following are involved in type 2 hypersensitivity except

A)IgM.
B)IgG.
C)IgE.
D)complement.
E)foreign cells.

Question 28

Human blood types involve all the following except

A)MHC genes.
B)ABO antigen markers.
C)inheritance of two of three possible alleles.
D)genetically determined glycoprotein markers.
E)genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors.

Question 29

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?

A)antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues
B)involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies
C)involves an immune complex reaction
D)the Arthus reaction is a local response
E)serum sickness is a systemic response

Question 30

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a(n)

A)isograft.
B)autograft.
C)allograft.
D)xenograft.
E)hypograft.

Question 31

What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?

A)host rejection of graft
B)graft versus host disease
C)formation of autoantibodies
D)hypogammaglobulinemia
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 32

Epinephrine

A)is an antihistamine.
B)reverses constriction of airways.
C)causes desensitization.
D)inhibits the activity of lymphocytes.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is

A)atopic dermatitis.
B)eczema.
C)allergic rhinitis.
D)asthma.
E)anaphylaxis.

Question 34

Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor

A)all other Rh⁺ fetuses are at risk.
B)she can be given RhoGAM in future pregnancies to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn.
C)she can never again have a low risk pregnancy.
D)only future Rh^- fetuses are at risk.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 35

Contact dermatitis involves

A)a sensitizing and provocative dose.
B)an allergen entering the skin.
C)T lymphocytes secreting inflammatory cytokines.
D)itchy papules and blisters.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a major organ that can be a target of immune complex deposition?

A)blood vessels and skin
B)heart and lungs
C)brain
D)joints
E)kidneys

Question 37

What involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue?

A)skin graft
B)blood transfusion
C)organ transplantation
D)both skin graft and organ transplantation
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

An antihistamine will

A)inhibit the activity of lymphocytes.
B)bind to histamine receptors on target organs.
C)block synthesis of leukotrienes.
D)relieve inflammatory symptoms.
E)reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles.

Question 39

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in

A)serum sickness.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)anaphylaxis.
D)hemolytic disease of the newborn.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 40

A female who is Rh^-

A)inherited two dominant genes.
B)is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status.
C)is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
D)can never have an Rh+ baby.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 41

The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection.

Question 42

During graft rejection,cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

Question 43

A viral infection can cause type I diabetes mellitus.

Question 44

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs)are due to

A)autoantibodies.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D)failure of B-cell development and maturity.
E)a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

Question 45

Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against

A)myelin sheath cells of the nervous system.
B)acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle.
C)acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle.
D)sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane.
E)cells in thyroid follicles.

Question 46

In the theory for allergic desensitization,which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE?

A)IgE
B)IgG
C)IgA
D)IgD
E)IgM

Question 47

Degranulation of mast cells leads to

A)airway obstruction.
B)headache.
C)dilated blood vessels.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 48

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives.

Question 49

Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage,shock,and death.

Question 50

A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is

A)AIDS.
B)adenosine deaminase (ADA)deficiency.
C)DiGeorge syndrome.
D)agammaglobulinemia.
E)SCID.

Question 51

The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of

A)autoantibodies.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D)failure of B-cell development and maturity.
E)a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

Question 52

In multiple sclerosis,autoantibodies attack

A)myelin sheath cells of the nervous system.
B)acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle.
C)acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle.
D)sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane.
E)cells in thyroid follicles.

Question 53

A person who are Rh^- will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.

Question 54

Each of the following is an autoimmune disease except

A)systemic lupus erythematosus.
B)Graves' disease.
C)type I diabetes.
D)metastatic cancer.
E)rheumatic fever.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a theory to explain the origin of autoimmune diseases?

A)sequestered antigen theory
B)clonal selection theory
C)theory of immune deficiency
D)viral infection theory
E)All of the choices are possible theories.

Question 56

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except

A)rheumatoid arthritis.
B)myasthenia gravis.
C)Graves' disease.
D)tuberculin reaction.
E)multiple sclerosis.

Question 57

What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B-cell survival and maturity?

A)host rejection of graft
B)graft versus host disease
C)formation of autoantibodies
D)hypogammaglobulinemia
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 58

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

Question 59

A xenograft is graft tissue from a donor of one species transplanted to a recipient of another species.

Question 60

Allergic rhinitis is also known as asthma.

Question 61

What steps should you advocate to be taken by the doctor during this visit?

A)nothing can be done about the Rh factor
B)first dose of RhoGAM should be administered
C)nothing,since it is not known if the first child was Rh+ yet
D)plan for first dose of RhoGAM immediately after birth

Question 62

Which of the following conditions would you expect Mark to have in his personal medical history?

A)hay fever
B)premature birth
C)eczema
D)blood transfusion reaction

Question 63

Which factor would increase the risk of the unborn child being Rh+?

A)previous child being Rh-
B)father being Rh+
C)history of preexisting type I hypersensitivity
D)both maternal grandparents being Rh-

Question 64

Jonathan is talking to you about his antirejection medications,and wants to know how they work.What is the best explanation?

A)"They work on your liver to make it less hostile to its new environment,increasing the chances of organ acceptance."
B)"They work by changing the MHC markers on your new liver to be more like your own."
C)"They work by suppressing the body's immune response against a foreign organ."
D)"They work by tricking your body into thinking its MHC markers are similar to your new liver's."

Question 65

What is the most likely diagnosis for Mark?

A)asthma
B)hay fever
C)seasonal allergy
D)drug allergy

Question 66

Which of the following allergic mediators are being currently activated in Mark's system?

A)mast cells
B)leukotrienes
C)serotonin
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 67

Marian asks you to explain to her what an Rh reaction involves with her baby.What is the best explanation?

A)"Your baby's Rh+ antibodies cross into your system,attacking your red blood cells and making you unable to deliver a healthy baby."
B)"Your baby has a type II hypersensitivity that will render its liver unable to clear bilirubin released from lysed cells."
C)"Your Rh antibodies will cross into your baby's fetal circulation,attacking and lysing his red blood cells."
D)"As soon as your baby is born,if he doesn't receive RhoGAM,his body will reject not having Rh antibody anymore."

Question 68

AIDS is a secondary immunodeficiency disease that affects several types of immune cells.

Question 69

What type of transplant did Jonathan receive?

A)isograft
B)autograft
C)allograft
D)xenograft

Question 70

What type of hypersensitivity reaction will Marian's babies be at risk for upon delivery?

A)type I
B)type II
C)type III
D)type IV

Question 71

After further investigation,it is learned that the father is Rh+,and so was the first child.However,Marian declines the RhoGAM injection because "there were no complications with my first pregnancy and delivery,how can you be sure there will be with this one?" Plus,she also explains how unpleasant the RhoGAM injection was with her first pregnancy,and she would like to avoid it,if at all possible.What is an appropriate response?

A)"I didn't realize you received RhoGAM with your first pregnancy.There's a good chance you don't need it this time after all."
B)"It is important you receive your RhoGAM injection,because this child will probably develop hemolytic disease of the newborn if you don't."
C)"It is important that we keep you from being sensitized to Rh factor,otherwise future pregnancies will be at risk for developing hemolytic disease of the newborn."
D)"You were probably sensitized to Rh factor with your first pregnancy,so the chances are decreased that this child will develop hemolytic disease of the newborn.I'll ask the doctor if we can forego the injection."

Question 72

What is the most likely development and progression of Mark's asthma?

A)IgE-mediated response with lung tissue that is hypersensitive to products of mast cell degranulation
B)IgE response that causes the body to not recognize its own lung tissue,and fights against it by constricting bronchioles
C)IgG-mediated response with lung tissue that is hypersensitive to products of mast cell degranulation
D)IgG response that causes the body to not recognize its own lung tissue,and fights against it by constricting bronchioles

Question 73

What classification of reaction is Mark currently experiencing?

A)atopy
B)systemic anaphylaxis
C)acute allergic
D)cutaneous anaphylaxis

Question 74

If Jonathan experiences graft rejection,what type of cells will most likely be primarily responsible?

A)T memory cells
B)natural killer cells
C)T cytotoxic cells
D)T helper cells

Question 75

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Jonathan at risk for?

A)type I
B)type II
C)type III
D)type IV