Deck 22: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

Helicobacter pylori causes

A)gastritis.
B)duodenal ulcers.
C)stomach ulcers.
D)increased risk for stomach cancer.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Salmonelloses are

A)not caused by Salmonella typhi.
B)associated with undercooked poultry and eggs,and reptile and rodent feces.
C)gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea.
D)treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The streptococci attach to the surface of the teeth with:

A)flagella.
B)O antigens.
C)gingival margins.
D)polymers of glucose.
E)oral membrane.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Shigella species have all of the following characteristics except

A)they are non-motile,gram-negative bacilli.
B)the reservoir is human carriers.
C)they produce urease and hydrogen sulfide.
D)they infect the large intestine.
E)they produce an enterotoxin,called shiga toxin.

Question 5

Oral bacteria on the tooth surface

A)develop a biofilm.
B)use bacterial cell structures such as fimbriae and slime layers to adhere.
C)include streptococci that metabolize sucrose,produce sticky glucans,and form plaque.
D)All of the above.

Question 6

Typhoid fever has all of the following characteristics except

A)spread by droplet contact.
B)transmitted by ingesting fecal-contaminated food and water.
C)chronic carriers have the pathogen in their gallbladders.
D)infects the small intestine with fever,diarrhea,and abdominal pain.
E)becomes a septicemia,spreads to lymph nodes and spleen,and causes liver abscesses.

Question 7

Gingivitis

A)is primarily caused by normal anaerobic biota.
B)involves the formation of calculus and plaque.
C)involves a crevice in the gum along the tooth.
D)may involve archaeal species.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Which is not a characteristic of Helicobacter pylori?

A)gram-negative
B)produces enteroxin that causes diarrhea
C)curved rods
D)lives in the stomach
E)produces urease that buffers stomach acidity

Question 9

Orchitis and epididymitis are seen in young,adult males as a complication of

A)croup.
B)mumps.
C)influenza.
D)measles (rubeola).
E)rubella.

Question 10

Which statement does not accurately describe Salmonella typhi?

A)It multiplies within phagocytes and lymph nodes.
B)The bacterium is a gram-negative bacillus.
C)The disease can be treated with antimicrobials.
D)It is the cause of typhoid fever.
E)It produces a mild gastrointestinal disease.

Question 11

The causative organism for mumps is

A)Paramyxovirus
B)Morbillivirus.
C)Streptococcus pyogenes.
D)Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
E)Vibrio cholerae.

Question 12

Which organ of the GI tract has a large,commensal population of microorganisms?

A)liver
B)salivary glands
C)pancreas
D)large intestine
E)small intestine

Question 13

Which of the following antigen types found in gram-negative enterics is mismatched?

A)H antigen - flagellar
B)K antigen - capsule
C)O antigen - cell wall
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 14

Defenses of the GI tract against pathogens include

A)mucus,acid,and saliva.
B)secretory IgA and lysozyme.
C)peristalsis.
D)GALT.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

All of the following are true of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)except it

A)involves Treponema vincentii,Prevotella intermedia,and Fusobacterium.
B)is associated with severe pain,bleeding,pseudomembranes,and necrosis.
C)is due to poor oral hygiene,altered host defenses,or prior gum disease.
D)is very communicable.
E)is common in AIDS patients.

Question 16

The most common infectious disease in humans is

A)the common cold.
B)dental caries.
C)pharyngitis.
D)diarrhea.
E)gastritis.

Question 17

The virulence factor for mumps is

A)inflammation.
B)acid production.
C)endotoxin.
D)enterotoxin.
E)spike-induced syncytium.

Question 18

Which is incorrect about shigellosis?

A)Outbreaks have occurred in day care centers.
B)Symptoms include watery diarrhea with bloody,mucoid stools and abdominal cramps.
C)It frequently involve septicemia.
D)Human carriers cause fecal transmission.
E)It is also called dysentery.

Question 19

Salmonella are

A)methane producers.
B)motile.
C)gram-positive bacilli.
D)lactose fermenters.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The main causes of dental caries seem to be

A)Streptococcus pyogenes.
B)Streptococcus mutans.
C)Streptococcus sobrinus.
D)Both Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans are correct.
E)Both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are correct.

Question 21

The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its

A)capsule.
B)neurotoxin.
C)invasive enzymes.
D)enterotoxin.

Question 22

Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of

A)Clostridium botulinum.
B)Clostridium perfringens.
C)Clostridium difficile.
D)Clostridium tetani.

Question 23

E.coli O157:H7 characteristics include all of the following except it

A)only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
B)is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated,undercooked food,especially hamburger.
C)causes a bloody diarrhea.
D)has a reservoir inside of cattle intestines.

Question 24

Cholera symptoms are

A)copious watery diarrhea.
B)loss of blood volume.
C)acidosis,sunken eyes,and thirst.
D)hypotension,tachycardia,and shock.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 25

The primary viral cause of chronic diarrhea globally is

A)Cryptosporidium.
B)rotavirus.
C)adenovirus.
D)norovirus.
E)astrovirus.

Question 26

Which of the following is not true of enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)?

A)causes traveler's diarrhea
B)has an A-B,heat labile exotoxin
C)has heat-stable exotoxins
D)causes a high fever

Question 27

"Rice-water stools" are associated with disease caused by which organism?

A)Vibrio vulnificus
B)Vibrio parahaemolyticus
C)Vibrio cholerae
D)Campylobacter jejuni
E)Helicobacter pylori

Question 28

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include

A)headache,sweats,vomiting,severe abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.
B)chills,fever,and sweats.
C)bloody,mucus-filled stools and fever.
D)a red skin papule that spreads to a large ulcer.

Question 29

Which of the following is not true of enterovasive E.coli (EIEC)?

A)produces shiga toxin
B)invades gut mucosa
C)blood and pus in the stool
D)no heat-labile or heat-stable exotoxins

Question 30

Which is not true of Clostridium difficile?

A)gram-positive,endospore-forming rod
B)part of normal intestinal biota
C)infection precipitated by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy
D)also called pseudomembranous colitis
E)produces "rice-water" stools

Question 31

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of E.coli O157:H7?

A)secretes shiga exotoxin from a bacteriophage
B)secretes shiga exotoxin from the
C)protein called intimin for host attachment
D)type III secretion system
E)provides the receptor for intimin to attach to the host

Question 32

Campylobacter infection has all of the following characteristics except

A)can last over 2 weeks.
B)burrows into the mucosa of the ileum and multiplies.
C)can lead to Guillain-Barre syndrome.
D)can cause acute temporary paralysis.
E)is caused by a shiga toxin.

Question 33

Outbreaks of which apicomplexan disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated drinking water?

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)cyclosporiasis
C)trichinosis
D)toxoplasmosis

Question 34

Which of the following is not a normal causative agent of acute diarrhea with vomiting (food poisoning)?

A)Clostridium perfringens
B)Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin
C)Clostridium difficile
D)Bacillus cereus

Question 35

Which is true of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?

A)They both cause tuberculosis.
B)They cause intense pain caused by inflammation of the ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes.
C)They cause Guillain-Barre syndrome.
D)They are gram-positive.
E)They are passed only through direct contact.

Question 36

Escherichia coli infections

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)are often transmitted by fecal contaminated water and food.
C)involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea.
D)include EIEC that destroys gut mucosa.
E)are self-limiting with the only treatment being rehydration.

Question 37

All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection except it

A)is due to ingestion of contaminated,improperly stored,cooked meats and gravies.
B)is a colitis that is a superinfection.
C)often has an endogenous source.
D)is associated with disruption of normal flora due to broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
E)is the major cause of diarrhea in hospitals.

Question 38

The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is

A)water and electrolyte replacement.
B)antimicrobials.
C)antitoxin.
D)surgery.

Question 39

All of the following are characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni except

A)transmitted through ingestion of contaminated chicken,meat,milk,and water.
B)causes fever and a watery to bloody diarrhea.
C)infects the stomach.
D)produces an enterotoxin that stimulates diarrhea.
E)are gram-negative,curved rods with darting motility.

Question 40

The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the United States is

A)E.coli.
B)Salmonella.
C)Shigella.
D)Campylobacter.
E)Yersinia.

Question 41

All of the following pertain to tapeworms except

A)scolex is the head.
B)body is made up of proglottids.
C)proglottids are reproductive segments.
D)cysticerci are young,infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat.
E)they can produce a variety of toxins.

Question 42

Which of the following is not true of schistosomiasis?

A)Schistosomiasis is caused by blood flukes.
B)Larvae called cercariae can invade intact skin.
C)A snail is the intermediate host.
D)These helminths can invade the brain.
E)Schistosomiasis can "cloak" itself with proteins in the blood.

Question 43

A common food intoxication is caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of

A)Staphylococcus aureus.
B)Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C)Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Streptococcus agalactiae.

Question 44

Liver flukes live in all of the following areas except the

A)small intestine.
B)liver.
C)gallbladder.
D)bile duct.

Question 45

Parasitic helminths exhibit all of the following characteristics except

A)are multicellular animals.
B)have a definitive host where the adult form lives.
C)have larval forms that do not affect humans.
D)include roundworms.
E)include tapeworms.

Question 46

Giardiasis involves

A)a protozoan that does not form cysts.
B)infection of the large intestine.
C)symptoms of abdominal pain,flatulence,and diarrhea.
D)vector transmission.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 47

The most common cause of liver cancer in the United States is

A)HAV.
B)HBV.
C)HCV.
D)HDV.
E)HEV.

Question 48

Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?

A)transmitted by the oral-fecal route.
B)has flu-like symptoms with discomfort near the liver,and darkened urine.
C)predisposes a person for liver cancer.
D)Immune globulin therapy helps decrease the severity.
E)HAVRAX is an inactivated vaccine for prevention.

Question 49

Ascaris lumbricoides

A)is an intestinal roundworm.
B)spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food.
C)larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines.
D)larvae migrate to the pharynx,get swallowed,and return to intestines to mature.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 50

Which is incorrect about Staphylococcus aureus food intoxication?

A)Food gets contaminated by a human carrier.
B)Common associated foods include custards,ham,cream pastries,and processed meats.
C)Food is left unrefrigerated for several hours after contamination.
D)Ingestion of the pathogen allows it to multiply and damage the GI tract lining.
E)Symptoms come on quickly and include nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.

Question 51

Outbreaks of which apicomplexan disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated imported raspberries,fresh greens,and drinking water?

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)cyclosporiasis
C)trichinosis
D)toxoplasmosis

Question 52

Hepatitis B virus

A)is principally transmitted by blood.
B)transmission risks include shared needles,anal intercourse,and heterosexual intercourse.
C)is transmitted to the newborns from chronic carrier mothers.
D)has many chronic carriers.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 53

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by

A)ingestion of cysts of the pathogen.
B)contaminated food.
C)contaminated water.
D)anal-oral sexual contact.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 54

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water except

A)cryptosporidiosis.
B)cyclosporiasis.
C)malaria.
D)Campylobacter.
E)giardiasis.

Question 55

Inflammation of the liver with necrosis of the hepatocytes and swelling due to a mononuclear response is a disease called

A)hepatitis.
B)jaundice.
C)liver cancer.
D)mononucleosis.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 56

General symptoms of helminth infection includes all of the following except

A)eggs,larvae,or adult worms are found in feces.
B)increased sensitivity to helminth antigens.
C)intense abdominal pain.
D)increased eosinophil count.
E)vague nausea.

Question 57

Enterobius vermicularis is

A)a whipworm.
B)common only to the tropics and subtropics.
C)an intestinal helminth that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.
D)often fatal in heavy infestations.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 58

Hepatitis B infection

A)has an incubation of 2 to 7 weeks.
B)can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
C)increases risk for hepatocellular cancer.
D)is responsible for most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis.

Question 59

Characteristics of trichinosis include

A)encysted larvae getting ingested.
B)association with undercooked pork or bear meat.
C)migration from intestines to blood and various body tissues.
D)coiled larvae encyst in skeletal muscle
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

Which is mismatched?

A)hepatitis A virus - nonenveloped,single-stranded RNA enterovirus
B)hepatitis B virus - enveloped DNA virus
C)hepatitis C virus - RNA virus
D)hepatitis D virus - defective RNA virus that coinfects with HAV
E)hepatitis E virus - self-limiting RNA virus

Question 61

There are no infectious agents that can invade intact skin.

Question 62

The best treatment for acute diarrhea is oral replacement of electrolytes and water.

Question 63

Most antihelminthic medications act only against the pathogens,not the human host.

Question 64

Antibiotics are used to treat E.coli O157:H7-caused diarrhea.

Question 65

Which of the following helminths is paired with a correct characteristic of its pathogenesis?

A)Ascaris lumbricoides - enters through the skin
B)Necator americanus - eggs are ingested
C)Enterobius vermicularis - sexual transmission
D)Taenia solium - eggs or larvae can be ingested
E)Schistomoma species - carried by an insect vector into human

Question 66

Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)causes gut effacement with shiga toxin.

Question 67

Research does not indicate a link between the numbers and types of bacteria causing periodontitis and thicker carotid arteries in an individual.

Question 68

The only body fluid that can transmit Hepatitis B virus is blood.

Question 69

Even as late as the1980s,the medical establishment thought that ulcers were caused by stress and the increase in gastricity acidity.How has the current understanding of ulcer development changed patient treatment,compared to treatments before 1980?

A)Antibiotics are now used to treat ulcers.
B)Doctors now give their patients sedatives to calm patients with ulcers.
C)There is no treatment for ulcers,then or now.
D)Different foods are now suggested for patients having ulcers.

Question 70

Only feces from humans that contaminates food and water can be involved in transmission of amoebiasis.

Question 71

There are vaccines for immunity to the Hepatitis B virus.

Question 72

Which of the following infections involves intermediate development in snails and freshwater fish?

A)Clonorchis sinensis
B)Fasciola hepatica
C)Opisthorchis sinensis
D)Both Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis sinensis are correct.

Question 73

Your little boy has not had the MMR vaccine (measles,mumps,rubella)because you are apprehensive about vaccines and their side effects.Your sister says that you are setting your son up for a potentially damaging scenario.Who makes more sense--you or her?

A)You are correct to be apprehensive because vaccines have been the cause of autism in children.
B)Your sister is correct.Even if your son does not get the mumps now when he is young,but gets in later in life,there is a possibility of severe side effects.
C)You are correct in protecting your son.If you can keep him from getting mumps when young,it is no longer a problem.It is simply a childhood disease.
D)Your sister is correct in her warnings.If your son gets a severe case of mumps,he will then develop a fatal secondary infection.

Question 74

In the absence of dietary carbohydrates,bacteria do not cause tooth decay.

Question 75

E.coli O157:H7 secretes shiga exotoxin.

Question 76

Carriers of Hepatitis B virus are not common.

Question 77

Despite acidic conditions,some microorganisms have been found residing within the human stomach.

Question 78

Boiling will not inactivate Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water.

Question 79

Mumps causes permanent sterility in young male adults.

Question 80

Most of the bacteria involved in periodontal disease are obligate (strict)anaerobes.Predict why this is the case.

A)Mouthwashes and toothpaste destroy most of the strict aerobes that are found on teeth.
B)The crevice area between the gingiva and the tooth is low in oxygen.
C)Sugar and other carbohydrates used by the oral bacteria can be easier broken down without the presence of oxygen.
D)The mouth is very low in oxygen.