Deck 18: The Psychology of Athletic Injuries and Career Termination

Question 1

Which model of athletic injuries focuses primarily upon psychological predictors of athletic injury?

A)Two-step model of athletic injury.
B)Smith's cognitive-affective model of injury.
C)Williams and Andersen stress and injury model.
D)Wiese-Bjornstal et al.integrated model of psychological response to.

Answer 1

Williams and Andersen stress and injury model.

Question 2

The research link between personality factors and the incidence of athletic injury is

A)Largely unknown.
B)Related to its effect upon how the athlete responds to stress response.
C)Strong.
D)Not an important research question.

Answer 2

Related to its effect upon how the athlete responds to stress response.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of positive life stress?

A)Divorce.
B)Death of a loved one.
C)Loss of job.
D)Studying for an examination.

Answer 3

Studying for an examination.

Question 4

How an athlete responds to the stress response directly affects the incidence of athletic injuries.Which of the following is not a moderator of that relationship?

A)Personality of athlete.
B)Cognitive appraisals.
C)History of stressors.
D)Coping resources.

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered to be a background factor in the integrated model of sport injury?

A)History of past injuries.
B)Socioeconomic status.
C)Fear of unknown.
D)Type of sport.

Question 6

Which of the following is false regarding potential interventions to prevent the stress response?

A)Avoidance coping.
B)Change cognitive appraisal of potential stressful events.
C)Modify the physiological/attentional aspects of the stress response.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

Athletes who use __________ and __________ methods of coping with an athletic injury may be expected to suffer from higher levels of negative mood.

A)Adaptive,approach.
B)Maladaptive,approach.
C)Adaptive,avoidance.
D)Maladaptive,avoidance.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a factor associated with cognitive appraisal?

A)The need to adjust performance goals.
B)An estimate of recovery time.
C)Evaluation of perceived self-worth and self-confidence.
D)Tension,anger,depression.

Question 9

Which of the following factors directly affects the athlete's vulnerability to athletic injury?

A)Personality of the athlete.
B)Life stress.
C)Attentional distractibility and muscle tension.
D)Coping skills.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is false relative to the effect of a previous athletic injury on the possibility of future injuries?

A)How an athlete adjusts to a previous injury will determine its impact on the stress response to a potentially stressful athletic situation.
B)Athletes who worry about the recurrence of an injury are vulnerable to further injury.
C)Negative cognitive appraisal will almost certainly occur if an athlete is psychologically unprepared to return to competition.
D)Little good can come from sustaining and recovering from an athletic injury.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a theory that has been proposed to explain adherence to injury rehabilitation?

A)Concordance theory.
B)Personal investment theory.
C)Protection motivation theory.
D)Cognitive appraisal theory.

Question 12

The key element of the Williams and Andersen (1998)stress and injury model.

A)Stress response.
B)Cognitive appraisal.
C)Personality factors.
D)Coping resources.

Question 13

Negative and positive life stress is

A)Associated with number and severity of athletic injuries.
B)Not associated with number and severity of athletic injuries.
C)Unmeasurable.
D)Not generally experienced by athletes because they are so very active.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a factor associated with emotional response?

A)Appraisal of coping skills.
B)Fear of unknown.
C)Frustration and boredom associated with being injured.
D)Grief associated with injury.

Question 15

Which of the following is not specifically included as a major component in the integrated model of psychological response to sport injury?

A)Williams and Andersen stress and injury model.
B)Emotional response to injury.
C)Behavioral response to injury.
D)Attentional response to injury.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a coping resource available to the athlete?

A)Previous injury.
B)Social support.
C)Stress management techniques.
D)Attentional strategies.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional response to injury?

A)Depression associated with serious athletic injury is to be expected.
B)Negative mood associated with serious athletic injury is to be expected.
C)Injury related depression increases across time and is higher for men than for men.
D)None of the above.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false?

A)A coping resource available to distance runners is attentional strategy.
B)Runners who use the associative strategy are highly motivated,are driven,and seek high performance.
C)The dissociative strategy of running is associated with lower incidence of injury.
D)The associative strategy of running is associated with lower incidence of injury.

Question 19

In the integrated model of sport injury,which of the following is not a major component of the recovery outcome process?

A)Cognitive appraisal.
B)Emotional response.
C)Personality of the athlete.
D)Behavioral response.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an interrelated type of social support?

A)Emotional support.
B)Physiological and anatomical support.
C)Informational support.
D)Tangible support.

Question 21

_________________ posits that the motivation to adhere to injury rehabilitation is thought to be based upon personal incentive,beliefs about self,and perceived options.

A)Concordance theory.
B)Personal investment theory.
C)Protection motivation theory.
D)Cognitive appraisal theory.

Question 22

What kind of pain is long lasting,uncontrollable,continues long after the initial injury,and is very complex in its origin.

A)Performance pain.
B)Acute pain.
C)Chronic pain.
D)Benign pain.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a situational factor related to adherence to injury rehabilitation?

A)Personality of the athlete.
B)Belief in efficacy of treatment.
C)Convenience of rehabilitation scheduling.
D)Social support.

Question 24

Degree to which individuals focus on pain,exaggerate the threat of pain to their well-being,and perceive themselves as unable to cope effectively with pain.

A)Pain catastrophizing.
B)Pain management.
C)Pain mismanagement.
D)Pain intensity.

Question 25

Making sure that all sport injury rehabilitation personnel receive training in sport psychology applications.

A)The distributed approach.
B)The specialist approach.
C)The cognitive approach.
D)The behavioral approach.

Question 26

Using writing as a therapeutic catharsis to reduce emotional trauma associated with a difficult rehabilitation process:

A)Therapeutic writing program.
B)Cognitive restructuring program.
C)Emotional disclosure paradigm.
D)None of the above.

Question 27

Managing pain through attentional association and dissociation strategies:

A)Pharmacological pain management strategy.
B)Nonpharmacological pain-reduction techniques.
C)Pharmacological avoidance strategy.
D)Nonpharmacological pain-focusing techniques.

Question 28

Which statement is false relative to sport retirement?

A)Athletes who retire early from sport may suffer adjustment problems.
B)Among early retirees,athletic identity is related to retirement difficulty.
C)A strong relationship exists between athletic identity and retirement difficulty when early retirement is caused by an athletic injury.
D)Athletic injury and athletic identity are unrelated to retirement difficulty.

Question 29

Athletes who successfully return to competition following an extended rehabilitation period experience the following (identify the one that does not belong):

A)High motivation to return to competition.
B)Positive,but not negative emotions associated with return.
C)Resist pressure to return early.
D)Recognizes positive consequences of injury and overcoming adversity.

Question 30

The conscious use of mental imagery for the purpose of effective coping with injury rehabilitation.

A)Mental practice.
B)Rehabilitation rehearsal.
C)Pain management.
D)Attentional focus.

Question 31

Which statement is false relative to pain and athletic injury?

A)Pain tolerance is a personality characteristic.
B)Individuals with a low tolerance to pain may have a more difficult time recovering from an injury.
C)Pain is a subjective experience that cannot be directly measured or felt by another individual.
D)Pain tolerance is a situational characteristic.

Question 32

Which of the following is not considered to be a typical behavior associated with successful adherence to injury rehabilitation?

A)Unrestricted physical activity.
B)Faithful completion of home rehabilitation exercises.
C)Compliance with medical prescriptions.
D)Faithful completion of home injury icing schedule.

Question 33

Method of measuring pain:

A)Measure unpleasantness and intensity using a scale running from 1 to 10.
B)Sports Inventory for Pain.
C)Abbreviated Sports Inventory for Pain.
D)All of the above.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a component part of the conceptual model of career termination?

A)Causes of career termination.
B)Factors related to adaption to career termination.
C)Return to competition following injury.
D)Career termination distress.

Question 35

Perhaps the most significant and potentially traumatic experience encountered by athletes is ____________________.

A)Returning to competition after sustaining an injury.
B)Career termination.
C)Performance disappointment.
D)Failure to fully enjoy other life experiences besides athletics.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a factor associated with the behavioral response to injury?

A)Adherence to rehabilitation.
B)Use of psychological skill training strategies.
C)Grief associated with injury.
D)Effort and intensity of rehabilitation efforts.

Question 37

Which of the following is not a personal factor related to adherence to injury rehabilitation?

A)Pain tolerance.
B)Tough-mindedness.
C)Ego or goal orientation.
D)Self-motivation.

Question 38

Research has identified three stressors that the athlete must deal with in order to return successfully to competition.Identify the response that does not belong:

A)Physical stressors.
B)Social stressors.
C)Performance stressors.
D)Organizational stresssors.

Question 39

Managing pain through deep breathing,muscle relaxation,meditation,and therapeutic massage:

A)Pharmacological pain management strategy.
B)Nonpharmacological pain-reduction techniques.
C)Pharmacological avoidance strategy.
D)Nonpharmacolgical pain-focusing techniques.

Question 40

Injury rehabilitation typically include three general types of guided intervention.Which of the following is not one of these?

A)Guided imagery.
B)Progressive relaxation.
C)biofeedback.
D)Directional anxiety control.

Question 41

The emotional trauma associated with _______________ may cause uninjured teammates to worry about an injury to them,which may in result in a change in performance tactics and in the stress response.

A)Fearful contagion.
B)Injury contagion.
C)Shared fear of distraction.
D)None of the above.

Question 42

Which statement is false relative to sustaining and recovering from an athletic injury?

A)Nothing good can come from sustaining an athletic injury.
B)Evidence suggests that successful recovery from an athletic injury is associated with several benefits.
C)Athletes report personal growth benefits associated with successfully recovering from an athletic injury.
D)Athletes report psychologically based performance enhancement benefits associated with successful recovery form an athletic injury.