Deck 10: Goal Setting in Sport

Question 1

Score 25 points in a basketball game.

A)Effective goal.
B)Outcome goal.
C)Performance goal.
D)Process goal.

Answer 1

Performance goal.

Question 2

Finish the season with a winning record.

A)Effective goal.
B)Outcome goal.
C)Performance goal.
D)Process goals.

Answer 2

Outcome goal.

Question 3

The literature suggests that process goals should benefit learning,yet process goals focus attention upon explicit knowledge which may be detrimental to performance.

A)Holistic process goal.
B)Process goal paradox.
C)Part focused process goal.
D)Process goal attainment hypothesis.

Answer 3

Process goal paradox.

Question 4

Research in sport and exercise suggests that the most effective goals are

A)Easy.
B)Moderately difficult.
C)Difficult.
D)Unrealistic.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a reason why goal setting results in improved athletic performance?

A)Causes the athlete to focus attention upon the task.
B)Effort mobilization.
C)Learning strategy contentment.
D)Nurtures persistence.

Question 6

What might happen if the details of a process goal are attended to during the execution of a well learned sport skill?

A)Attention to detail will result in quality execution of skill.
B)Nothing,because process goals are ineffective.
C)Smooth execution of an automated motor skill may be interfered with.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following is true relative to internalizing goals?

A)An athlete must set his/her own goal in order for it to be internalized.
B)It is important that the athlete internalize goals.
C)It is usually better if the coach sets an athlete's goals for him/her.
D)All of the above.

Question 8

Focus upon a smooth and seemingly effortless gold swing.

A)Part focused process goal.
B)Outcome goal.
C)Performance goal.
D)Holistic process goal.

Question 9

Keep the left elbow straight while executing a golf drive.

A)Effective goals.
B)Outcome goals.
C)Performance goals.
D)Process goals.

Question 10

Which of the following is the best example of a good measurable performance goal?

A)I will improve my basketball game by 100%.
B)I will become a better bowler.
C)I will get 75% of my first serves in the tennis court by the end of this season.
D)I will improve my free throw shooting percentage in basketball.

Question 11

Research on effectiveness of type goal setting suggests that

A)A multiple goal strategy is best.
B)Used in isolation,outcome goals are the least effective.
C)Athletes need to understand the distinction among the three types of goal.
D)All of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a basic premise of Locke and Latham's theory of goal setting?

A)To be effective,goals must be rehearsed daily.
B)A linear relationship exists between degree of goal difficulty and performance.
C)Goals that are specific lead to a higher level of performance.
D)Goals that are difficult lead to a higher level of performance.

Question 13

Goal setting is a theory of __________ that effectively energizes athletes to become more productive and effective.

A)Perception.
B)Attention.
C)Motivation.
D)Arousal.

Question 14

A/An ________________ goal is one that you can quantify,in the sense that you know how close you are to achieving the goal.

A)Specific.
B)Measurable.
C)Observable.
D)Action.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a basic type of goal discussed in the sport psychology literature?

A)Effective goals.
B)Outcome goals.
C)Performance goals.
D)Process goals.

Question 16

When performing under pressure,it is best to use _________ as opposed to _________ process goals.

A)Holistic,part.
B)Part,holistic.
C)Global,systematiC.
D)Gestalt,holistic.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a reason why goal setting results in improved athletic performance?

A)Focus upon extrinsic rewards.
B)Develop new learning strategies.
C)Increase in positive affect.
D)Persistence.

Question 18

An advantage of performance goals over outcome goals is that

A)Performance goals can be accomplished even if outcome goals are not realized.
B)If individuals meet performance goals,outcome goals should take care of themselves.
C)Members of team sports have greater control over achieving personal performance goals than they do over team outcome goals.
D)All of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following is considered to be an outcome goal as opposed to a performance or process goal?

A)It is important for me to play every point with confidence.
B)My goal is to get 70% of my first serves in the court.
C)My goal is to prevail against my opponent,what ever it takes.
D)I will hit 70% of my free throws and take down 10 rebounds in tonight's contest.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a reliable principle of goal setting in exercise and sport?

A)Specific goals are better than general goals.
B)Difficult goals should never be used.
C)Short term goals are helpful in achieving long term goals.
D)Goals must be accepted by the athlete in order to be effective.

Question 21

Relative to goal setting,the SMART principle is an acronym that refers to the notion that goals should be

A)Simple,measurable,action-oriented,realistic,thoughtful.
B)simple,measurable,action-oriented,realistic,timely.
C)Specific,measurable,action-oriented,realistic,timely.
D)Specific,memorable,action-oriented,reliable,thoughtful.

Question 22

Research suggests that ____________ mediates the relationship between __________ and performance.

A)Goal setting,goal orientation.
B)Goal orientation,goal setting.
C)Goal striving,goal setting.
D)Goal setting,self-efficacy.

Question 23

Striving for personal goals that are based upon _____________________ leads to initial effort that is not sustainable.

A)Self-determined motivational regulation.
B)Autonomous motivational regulation.
C)Externally controlled motivational regulation.
D)Task goal orientation regulation.

Question 24

While almost everyone has had experience at goal setting,most are only moderately effective in achieving their goals.

A)Goal striving conundrum.
B)Goal orientation paradox.
C)Goal orientation theory.
D)Goal setting paradox.

Question 25

Which of the following is a common reason why athletes get discouraged with goal setting?

A)Goals are too difficult and unrealistic.
B)Too much reliance on outcome goals.
C)Setting too many goals.
D)All of the above.

Question 26

When the task is unfamiliar to the athlete,an assigned goal may be superior to a self-set goal.Why might this be the case?

A)Instills confidence in the recipient because an expert thinks they can achieve the goal.
B)Assigned goals are almost always superior to self-set goals.
C)Assigned goals give the recipient a feeling of ownership and control.
D)Self-set goals result in low achievement.

Question 27

Setting of _______________ can help in attaining long term goals.

A)Short term goals.
B)Setting more difficult goals.
C)Setting of goals that are easier to attain.
D)Setting unrealistic goals.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a critical component for developing a team goal setting system?

A)A planning phase that occurs prior to deciding on team and individual goals.
B)Evaluating the effectiveness of the coaches.
C)Needs assessment.
D)Meeting with athletes to plan team and individual goals for season.

Question 29

Striving for personal goals that are based upon _____________________ leads to sustained effort.

A)Self-determined motivational regulation.
B)Autonomous motivational regulation.
C)Externally controlled motivational regulation.
D)Task goal orientation regulation.

Question 30

__________________ is defined as the process of striving to set and to achieve goals.

A)Goal striving.
B)Goal attainment.
C)Goal setting.
D)Goal tending.

Question 31

The relationship between goal setting and goal orientation research

A)Has never been studied together in the same investigation.
B)Has only recently been studied together in the same investigation.
C)Will never be studied together in the same investigation because of their different perspectives and different literatures.
D)Has been studied together for many years.

Question 32

The _________________ model addresses the process of goal striving and its effect on well-being within the broad conceptual framework of _________________ theory.

A)Self-reflection,self-efficacy.
B)Self-concordance,goal perspective.
C)Self-concordance,self-determination.
D)Goal perspective,self-determination.

Question 33

Striving for personal goals that are based upon _____________________ leads to sustained effort.

A)Self-determined motivational regulation.
B)Autonomous motivational regulation.
C)Externally controlled motivational regulation.
D)Task goal orientation regulation.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a principle of effective goal setting?

A)Write goals down and regularly monitor progress.
B)Focus upon individual goals and team goals well take care of themselves.
C)Set practice as well as competition goals.
D)Consider personality and individual differences in goal setting.

Question 35

Which of the following is a common reason why goal setting fails?

A)Poorly written goal statements.
B)Failure to devise a goal attainment strategy.
C)Failure to monitor performance progress.
D)All of the above.