Deck 6: Sexualities

Question 1

The concept of sexual identity requires a ________ and ________ that was not prominent until the late nineteenth century.

A)self-consciousness; self-reliance
B)self-reliance; self-examination
C)self-consciousness; self-examination
D)selfishness; independence

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A person's sexual orientation is primarily a product of

A)genetics.
B)socialization.
C)parental and peer pressure.
D)an undetermined combination of factors.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The group most likely to show a link between biology and homosexuality would be

A)siblings.
B)siblings who were adopted.
C)fraternal twins.
D)identical twins.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Compared to married couples in 1972, married couples today are more likely to

A)agree that premarital sex is wrong.
B)have an "open" marriage.
C)have had at least one extramarital partner.
D)practice sexual monogamy.

Question 5

Which of the following was the cause for the change in the fluid conception of gender and sexuality in the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries?

A)formation of master categories of sexual identity
B)introduction of the concept of gender continuum
C)emergence of the social constructionist perspective on gender
D)widespread acceptance of the queer theory

Question 6

The two categories of sexual activity prior to the late nineteenth century were

A)premarital and marital.
B)marital and extramarital.
C)religiously approved and religiously disapproved.
D)socially approved and socially disapproved.

Question 7

The ________ shocked the nation when it published the findings on men's sexual behavior.

A)Martin Report
B)National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)
C)Kinsey Report
D)Hite Report

Question 8

Social constructionists would argue that sexual identities

A)are affected by the environment.
B)don't have particular boundaries that are followed.
C)vary from culture to culture.
D)are not on a continuum.

Question 9

The way sexual preferences are currently socially organized is no more than ________ years old.

A)200
B)175
C)150
D)75

Question 10

Queer theory

A)is based on science.
B)explains that sexual life is artificially organized into categories that reflect the power of homosexual norms.
C)is put forth by political activists that are homophobic.
D)place sexual activities into a sharp split between homosexual and heterosexual.

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the positive aspects of the hookup culture?

A)It provides college students from less privileged backgrounds the comfort of sex outside of relationships.
B)It has been shown to reduce ambiguity for people who want to get into romantic relationships.
C)It reduces the sexual double standard that often favors men over women.
D)It helps fill up the increasingly long gap between sexual maturity and marriage.

Question 12

In several surveys of adult sexual activity, ________% of women who were married reported having only one partner in the previous 12 months.

A)99
B)89
C)79
D)69

Question 13

Beginning in the late 1800s through 1973, homosexuality was thought to be

A)a physical condition.
B)a psychological illness.
C)a normal sexual activity.
D)a result of environment.

Question 14

Changes in sexual activity in the United States since the start of the century have served to

A)weaken the role of marriage as the core of family life.
B)strengthen the role of marriage as the core of family life.
C)reinforce the central focus of children as the core of family life.
D)decrease the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 15

The fact that sexual identities have only recently emerged as a concept suggests that

A)they are socially constructed.
B)they came into existence recently.
C)this is a phenomenon not worthy of study.
D)we need to base everything on biology.

Question 16

The Kinsey Report, a book published in 1948, shocked the nation because

A)of the high number of women who admitted to having multiple partners.
B)of its assertion that homosexuality is an unnatural phenomenon.
C)of the high number of men who admitted to being asexual.
D)of the high number of men who admitted to having sexual relations with other men.

Question 17

A significant development in the twentieth century that has changed the relationship between sex-as-reproduction to sex-as-pleasure is

A)the recognition of sexual identity.
B)the modern methods of contraception.
C)the modern media.
D)the introduction of pornography.

Question 18

Which of the following is the reason for the rise in the nonmarital birth ratio among teenagers?

A)excessive exposure of teenagers to sex education
B)poor exposure of teenagers to sex education
C)faster rate of decrease in teenage marriages than teenage birthrates
D)faster rate of increase in teenage birthrates than teenage marriages

Question 19

Social constructivists believe that sexual identities

A)are determined by both social and biological factors.
B)are the same across cultures.
C)vary from culture to culture.
D)are determined by social norms.

Question 20

What do the findings of studies on identical and fraternal twins suggest about sexual orientation? What are the limitations of these studies?

Question 21

Describe how the idea of sexual identity developed.

Question 22

Social acceptance of in-between-gender and two-spirit individuals is known to have existed in many American Indian tribes.

Question 23

Both the Kinsey Report and the recent NSFG study show that sexual orientation appears to be one-dimensional.

Question 24

Looking at it from the perspective of social conservatives, how might the integrative perspective threaten all that they support and believe?

Question 25

Categories such as gay and lesbian are modern creations.

Question 26

How is the network of friends of a gay or lesbian couple different from a kinship network?

Question 27

The main disagreement that remains between the proponents of the social constructionist and integrative perspectives on sexual identity is whether society completely determines sexual identities.

Question 28

The Kinsey Report published information about women and their sexual behavior.

Question 29

Discuss the author's concept of "sexual identity."

Question 30

Why have biological studies of homosexual origins been controversial?

Question 31

Explain what "living together apart" means and how it has impacted the concept of family in the United States, as well as other countries.

Question 32

There is considerable evidence to suggest that part of sexual identities is socially constructed.

Question 33

In 1970, the nonmarital birth ratio for 15 -to 19-year-olds was 2:3.

Question 34

The National Study on Family Growth (NSFG) showed that the percentage of Americans who thought of themselves as bisexual or homosexual is lower than the percentage who have ever had a same-sex sexual experience.

Question 35

Queer theorists argue that sexual identities are unstable and arbitrary.

Question 36

The major disagreement between the social constructionist theory and the integrative theory is whether society completely determines a person's sexual identity.

Question 37

Sexual monogamy is the exception rather than the rule among married persons.

Question 38

How did the medical model affect the feelings of the population on their opinions or thoughts about homosexuality?

Question 39

Cohabiting relationships of opposite or same-sex couples would not be common without the increasing acceptance of sexual activity outside marriage.

Question 40

What sociological, demographic, political, and economic factors can you think of to explain the fact that in a current textbook, such as yours, homosexuality is openly discussed, while in a 1940s textbook it never would have been mentioned?

Question 41

Compare the social constructionist perspective with the integrative perspective. Which perspective makes the most sense to you and why?

Question 42

How has the new emphasis on sexual gratification in marriage in the late twentieth century changed the concept of marriage? Discuss both the advantages and the disadvantages.

Question 43

Elaborate on the debate about the origins of homosexuality.

Question 44

What did theorists mean by the "zombie category" in relation to families?

Question 45

How did the invention and widespread use of the birth control pill allow individuals to separate sex-as-pleasure from sex-as-reproduction?

Question 46

Describe the family of choice. How might it impact a couple of the same sex?

Question 47

Discuss the social constructionist perspective on sexuality. How does it differ from the integrative perspective?