Deck 9: The Flowering of Medieval Civilization

Question 1

More refined rules of behavior combined with religious ceremonies and spiritual overtones led to

A)courtly love.
B)the Gothic "spirit."
C)chivalry.
D)courtly romance.
E)the troubadour culture.

Answer 1

chivalry.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the Cortes of Spain?

A)a constitutional organization similar to that of the English Parliament
B)assemblies participating in the levying of taxes
C)the highest criminal and appeals court in Spain
D)a handbook of legal institutions and instructions
E)provinces recovered from the Muslims during the Reconquista

Answer 2

assemblies participating in the levying of taxes

Question 3

The consolidation of royal power in France proved much more difficult than in England because

A)powerful dukes and counts controlled large provinces.
B)of the lack of a Magna Carta stipulating the king's authority over his vassals.
C)of Saracen invasions.
D)many French kings, like Louis VII, Philip II, and St.Louis, were on crusade.
E)of a lack of an efficient central administration.

Answer 3

powerful dukes and counts controlled large provinces.

Question 4

The defeat of German imperial forces at the Battle of Legnano forced Frederick I Barbarossa

A)to create the Lombard League.
B)to recognize the Swiss Confederation.
C)to withdraw from the Third Crusade.
D)to recognize the independence of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
E)to concede independence to northern Italian towns.

Question 5

Scholasticism is the term used to describe

A)the curriculum taught at medieval universities.
B)the dominant guilds of Italian universities.
C)the application of logic to Christian dogma.
D)Anselm's argument that "faith seeks to understand."
E)the production of scholarly texts in monasteries.

Question 6

One of the best examples of the spiritual approach on prayer and humility in the understanding of God was

A)Thomas Aquinas.
B)Anselm of Canterbury.
C)Descartes.
D)Bernard of Clairvaux.
E)Pope Gregory the Great.

Question 7

The "justices in eyre" initiated by Henry II of England were

A)juries of "twelve good men" who tried criminal cases.
B)barons who received rights to hold court from the king.
C)itinerant justices endowed with all the authority of the king.
D)the English equivalent to the French bailli.
E)the king's inner council of legal advisors.

Question 8

The emergence of universities came in response to

A)a decline in commerce that forced individuals to seek better educations in order to find employment.
B)universities relaxing enrollment requirements to compensate for the decline in population caused by the Black Death.
C)the increased demand for more educated men in bureaucratic, commercial, and legal fields.
D)fewer educational opportunities in the Church; men therefore turned to universities for education.
E)a decline in the number of monastic schools.

Question 9

Under Philip II Augustus,

A)the central administration of France became more efficient and specialized.
B)the Kingdom of France expanded rapidly through conquest.
C)justices-in-eyre extended the king's authority in the Île-de-France.
D)the Common Law became synonymous with the king's law.
E)the French army suffered a humiliating defeat by John of England, ending French claims to the English crown.

Question 10

Clashes between townspeople and students were often termed town and gown fights because

A)townspeople wore traditional medieval clothes, including gowns.
B)students were often foreigners.
C)students took clerical orders and were thus immune from town courts.
D)townspeople were often barred from attending university because of canon law.
E)artisan guilds vied with university guilds over jurisdictional rights.

Question 11

Henry II's conflict with Thomas Becket focused on

A)the murder trial of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
B)the Duchy of Normandy.
C)the appointment of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury.
D)double jeopardy.
E)the Constitutions of Clarendon.

Question 12

The Italian universities differed from northern European ones in which of the following ways?

A)Students at northern universities were generally older and sought law degrees.
B)Students rather than professors constituted the dominant guild.
C)Students in northern universities took the trivium, while Italian students studied the quadrivium.
D)Italian universities never had the guild system.
E)Northern universities tended to teach in vernacular languages while Italian universities usually taught in Latin.

Question 13

Which one of the following helped prevent the unification of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany)?

A)the hereditary nature of German kingship
B)the hereditary nature of German kingship and the practice of partible inheritance
C)the establishment of independent German dukedoms
D)the strong duchies of Swabia and Burgundy
E)the sovereignty of Roman law

Question 14

Which of the following probably did NOT play a role in the development of heresies during the High Middle Ages?

A)Church corruption
B)ecclesiastical wealth
C)schism with the Greek Church
D)increased urbanization and commerce
E)canon law supporting legal subordination of women

Question 15

Andreas Capellanus' update of Ovid's poetry provides a good example of

A)the stories of courtly romance.
B)the heroic epic.
C)the code of chivalry.
D)Fabliaux.
E)courtly love.

Question 16

The contents of the Magna Carta greatly resemble the provisions found in

A)the Great Charter of Stephen Langdon.
B)the U.S.Declaration of Independence.
C)English Common Law.
D)oaths of English kings Henry I, Henry II, and Richard.
E)the Siete Partidas.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the most prominent theme found in the troubadour tradition of literature?

A)celebration of heroic epics such as The Song of Roland
B)moral tales using animals as the main characters
C)the pursuit of courtly love
D)brief romances of love and adventure, usually in the vernacular
E)miracle stories that emphasized religious devotion

Question 18

The Dominicans were also known as the

A)Beguines.
B)Order of Preachers.
C)Order of Friars Minor.
D)Scholastics.
E)Waldensians.

Question 19

The dialectic arguments in Sic et Non implied that

A)Christian dogma and law contained contradictions.
B)reason could not be reconciled to faith.
C)Aristotle's philosophy was inappropriate to Scholasticism.
D)a systematic view of all truth could be found in Scholasticism.
E)emotional devotion to Christ and Mary would bring about a greater understanding of God and faith.

Question 20

Frederick II Hohenstaufen

A)granted independence to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from Germany.
B)centralized Germany through the use of professional administrators, particularly churchmen.
C)supported the king of Aragon during the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
D)centralized of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
E)undermined the authority of German ecclesiastical princes and feudal lords.

Question 21

Compare and contrast the development and functions of the three major representative assemblies of the High Middle Ages: Parliament (England); the Parlement of Paris (France); and the Cortes (Spain).

Question 22

Consider the examples of Romanesque and Gothic architecture seen in this chapter.How did the differences in Romanesque and Gothic architecture mirror differences in spirituality?

Question 23

The Fourth Lateran Council provides evidence for

A)the efforts of Innocent III to address the problems confronting the Church
B)conciliarism in determining ecclesiastical authority
C)the demise of the Holy Roman Empire
D)the use of the Inquisition to combat heresy
E)the claims of papal authority over the authority of kings

Question 24

Conventional historical scholarship assumes that medieval women were on the whole subjugated to males.However, from illustrations such as those shown in this chapter, the careful observer sees a different picture.What do your observations indicate about conventional history and problems with historical sources?

Question 25

What were the ideals of chivalry and courtly love? Why do you think these two cultural developments emerged in this period?

Question 26

Review the "Abelard's Sic et Non" feature in this chapter.Why did Church authorities believe Abelard's writings were dangerous? Cite specific sections and explain their significance and repercussions.

Question 27

Why do you think so many people found heretical movements appealing in the High Middle Ages? Include social, economic, and political reasons as well as religious and spiritual ones in your answer.

Question 28

The Franciscan movement provides a good example of

A)the use of education in combating heresy.
B)Scholasticism.
C)the problem of heresy.
D)a mystical and emotional religious experience.
E)the increased emphasis on canon law in the Church.

Question 29

Why was consolidation of royal authority so much more difficult in France than in England?

Question 30

Why did the Holy Roman Empire experience decentralization while England and France underwent increased centralization?

Question 31

One of the outcomes of the Fourth Lateran Council was the

A)increased role of women in the clergy.
B)decrease in trials by battle.
C)decline in the authority of the pope in declaring Church dogma.
D)election of Innocent III as pope.
E)schism with Greek Orthodox Church.

Question 32

What problems does the introduction of Aristotle into Western European thought pose for Christian intellectual life? How did theologians such as Anselm, Abelard, and Aquinas incorporate Aristotle into Christian thought, and what were the responses against Scholasticism?

Question 33

Consider maps 9.1 and 9.2.What do they indicate about the relationship between monastic schools and universities?

Question 34

How does the illumination depicted in this chapter illustrate the concerns of scholastic thought?

Question 35

How is the murder of Thomas Becket portrayed in the wall painting pictured in this chapter? What does this painting indicate about the significance of the event?

Question 36

Explain what is meant by the reconciliation of faith and reason that characterized Scholasticism.

Question 37

Why were the Franciscan and Dominican orders founded? How did their missions differ? To what degree was each order successful in fulfilling its respective mission?

Question 38

In response to the spread of heresy, in 1231 Pope Gregory IX instituted the

A)Albigensian Crusade.
B)Third Crusade.
C)Reconquista.
D)Inquisition.
E)Franciscan Order.

Question 39

What aspects of Gothic architecture suggested mysticism and divinity? How did Romanesque architecture compare in evoking these feelings?

Question 40

Discuss the Church's efforts to counteract heresy.In what ways was the strategy effective? In what ways did it backfire?

Question 41

Review the feature entitled "The Techniques of the Inquisition" in this chapter.What appears to be the heresy, or error, of the individual charged in this document?

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Scholasticism.

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Louis.

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip II Augustus.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: trivium.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Romanesque.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: flying buttress.

Question 48

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Duns Scotus.

Question 49

Review the "Excerpts from the Magna Carta" feature in this chapter.How does the Magna Carta reinforce the rights of elites at the expense of other members of English society?

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: common law.

Question 51

Review the "Abelard's Sic et Non" feature in this chapter.How does Abelard approach the issue of contradiction? How does he suggest resolving these contradictions?

Question 52

Review the feature entitled "The Techniques of the Inquisition" in this chapter.At first reading, the accused seems to be asking for guidance from the Inquisitor as to the proper belief.Why does the Inquisitor not tell him what to believe?

Question 53

Review the feature entitled "The Techniques of the Inquisition" in this chapter.Bernard Gui seems to be saying that the accused individual is purposely misleading the Inquisitor when he writes "[b]ut a vigorous inquisitor might not allow himself to be worked upon in this way, but proceed firmly…" How is the accused individual misleading the Inquisitor and what do you think "proceed[ing] firmly" means in this case?

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: courtly love.

Question 55

Review the "Excerpts from the Magna Carta" feature in this chapter.How, specifically, does the Magna Carta affirm the feudal nature of English society in 1215? In what ways does the Magna Carta represent a departure from the feudal order?

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Siete Partidas.

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Anselm of Canterbury.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Héloïse.

Question 59

Review the "Abelard's Sic et Non" feature in this chapter.How do passages in this selection reflect the dialectic approach in Scholasticism?

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Stephen Langton.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Francis of Assisi.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: John I.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gothic.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Magna Carta.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Peace of Constance.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Peter Waldo.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: troubadour.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thomas Becket.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: bailli.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry II.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: quadrivium.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cortes.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thomas Aquinas.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: dialectic.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cathari.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Abelard.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cistercians.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: chivalry.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Fourth Lateran Council.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Order of Preachers.