Deck 9: Population and Development

Question 1

The most recent Cairo population conference in 1994 linked

A)poverty,modern medicine,and water quality.
B)development,modern medicine,and food production.
C)sanitation,poverty,and agricultural development.
D)poverty,population growth,and development.

Answer 1

poverty,population growth,and development.

Question 2

Increased availability of contraceptives in very poor nations is unlikely to decrease family size because

A)families depend upon children for labor and support when the parents become old.
B)infant and childhood mortality rates are already keeping family size low.
C)the increased use of industry and technology has already decreased family size.
D)poor families are already small because parents cannot afford to feed and house more than one or two children.

Answer 2

families depend upon children for labor and support when the parents become old.

Question 3

Why is the green line lower in Latin America than it is in Sub-Saharan Africa?

A)Latin American communities have better use of modern medicine.
B)Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa have not undergone a Neolithic revolution.
C)Fertility rates are higher in Latin American communities.
D)Sub-Saharan communities are generally more urban than communities in Latin America.

Answer 3

Latin American communities have better use of modern medicine.

Question 4

A declining dependency ratio

A)requires immediate and permanent increased spending on education and old-age medical expenses.
B)requires increased spending on education but decreased costs associated with old-age medical expenses.
C)requires permanently decreased spending on education but temporarily increased costs associated with old-age medical expenses.
D)permits temporarily decreased spending on education and old-age medical expenses.

Question 5

In general,as a country goes through the demographic transition,it experiences a

A)rising dependency ratio that increases the demographic dividend.
B)rising dependency ratio that decreases the demographic dividend.
C)falling dependency ratio that increases the demographic dividend.
D)falling dependency ratio that decreases the demographic dividend.

Question 6

The 1994 Cairo population conference broadly agreed that slower population growth resulted from

A)better health care,education,and employment for women.
B)improved agricultural techniques that could dramatically increase food production.
C)the widespread use of immunizations to slow the spread of infectious diseases.
D)drainage of swamps and treatments of waters to decreases cases of malaria.

Question 7

Thailand's prospects for addressing current environmental problems are

A)more hopeful because of slower population growth.
B)worse because of the decline in population and decline in per capita income.
C)very good because much less land is needed for agriculture.
D)very good because air and water pollution have declined along with population growth.

Question 8

The window of opportunity presented by the demographic dividend generally ends as

A)people start having larger families.
B)people live longer.
C)economic pressures require more people to work.
D)rural populations increase.

Question 9

Countries caught in the poverty-population trap have experienced

A)the benefits of modern medicine but not the benefits of economic development.
B)the benefits of the green revolution without experiencing a Neolithic revolution.
C)an environmental revolution but not a medical revolution.
D)a fertility transition but not the benefits of modern medicine.

Question 10

Thailand has experienced a dramatic drop in fertility rate,increased per capita income and an increase in life expectancy between 1960 and 2005.These are all signs that Thailand

A)will see a surge in population growth.
B)has undergone demographic transition.
C)is in the grip of the poverty-population trap.
D)probably has a low literacy rate among women.

Question 11

Compared to countries still struggling to complete the demographic transition,countries that have gone through the demographic transition have

A)higher growth in per capita income and technology.
B)higher growth in technology but lower growth in per capita income.
C)higher growth in per capita income but lower growth in technology.
D)lower growth in per capita income and technology.

Question 12

The social and economic changes in Thailand over the past 50 years have

A)caused the population to decline by 20%.
B)been at the expense of poorer nutrition for children.
C)slowed population growth significantly.
D)shown that the nation has yet to undergo the fertility transition.

Question 13

How would we expect a Latin American country to change if it became industrialized and significantly increased per capita income?

A)The red line would stay about the same,but the green line would rise to above the red line.
B)The green line would stay about the same,but the red line would drop to near the green level.
C)The red line would stay about the same,but the green line would rise to just below the red line.
D)The green and red lines would both drop below current levels.

Question 14

The 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development found that the greatest threats to the health of the environment were

A)poverty,development,and population growth.
B)education and the overuse of modern medicine.
C)agriculture and surface mining operations.
D)trends towards urbanization.

Question 15

The most recent Cairo population conference in 1994 found widespread agreement that the greatest way to help developing countries was to

A)limit their population growth.
B)increase their use of modern medicine.
C)improve their agricultural productivity.
D)limit their environmental degradation.

Question 16

Large families in poor countries

A)are rare,because having many children is expensive.
B)are common,due largely because of low infant and childhood mortality.
C)are common,in part because more children means more labor.
D)is becoming more common as the use of modern agriculture increases.

Question 17

Two conflicting approaches to helping countries through the demographic transition require different types of aid.An attempt to provide aid using both approaches might include

A)desalination plants to bring in more fresh water and distribution of vaccines.
B)shipments of large amounts of food and improvements in sanitation systems.
C)construction of recycling plants and investment in pollution control systems.
D)investments in banks and distribution of birth control.

Question 18

Countries that have completed or nearly completed the demographic transition experienced

A)the epidemiological transition and industrialization over 100 years ago.
B)the epidemiological transition and industrialization within the last decade.
C)a resource and technology transition that gave rise to the green revolution.
D)a political and sociological transition that gave rise to increased rural lifestyles.

Question 19

In general,fertility rates

A)decrease as per capita income increases.
B)decrease as per capita income decreases.
C)increase as per capita income increases.
D)are unrelated to per capita income.

Question 20

Countries that have completed the demographic transition typically have

A)good use of technology but only basic medicine.
B)good use of technology and high per capita income.
C)high per capita income and high rates of fertility.
D)high rates of fertility and widespread use of modern medicine.

Question 21

In general,which of the following would best help to reduce extreme poverty?

A)programs specifically targeted to bring the poorest nations into the development process
B)international efforts to promote economic growth in countries with the greatest poverty
C)increased development of environmental protection in countries with the greatest poverty
D)adoption of cultural programs that shift populations from rural to urban locations

Question 22

In general,as countries become more industrialized and developed,

A)use of contraception decreases.
B)the cost of raising children decreases.
C)people marry at an earlier age.
D)support of the elderly increases.

Question 23

Farmers suffering severe poverty often barely produce enough crops to survive.These farmers

A)exist in a downward spiral of degraded land and reduced productivity.
B)often accumulate neighboring land,grow their farms,and rise out of poverty.
C)work longer days and increase their family sizes until their farms become very profitable.
D)typically convert their farms to forests,and sell lumber at much higher prices.

Question 24

The World Bank is

A)the largest agency providing aid to developing countries.
B)a new collection of about 30 banks founded in 1990,and focused on investments in technology.
C)a branch of the United Nations established in the 1970s to focus on environmental sustainability.
D)the main provider of funds and supporting the economies of most developed nations of the world.

Question 25

Developing countries have increasingly become involved in the integrated global economy primarily due to

A)increased use of vaccinations.
B)improvements in sewage and sanitation.
C)constructions of dams and irrigation canals.
D)increased use of technology.

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of projects in line with Millennium Development Goals expected to help address poverty in undeveloped countries?

A)Banks in undeveloped countries make loans to open new restaurants,clothing stores,and shops.
B)Loans are made to farmers to purchase basic farm equipment such as tractors,plows,fertilizers and wagons and to hire extra workers.
C)Schools are encouraged to charge fees to help support the purchase of,meals new books and basic supplies.
D)Elementary schools start serving meals to students from families with the lowest incomes.

Question 27

Which of the following activities would be consistent with the Millennium Development Goals?

A)help communities build technical and trade schools for boys to learn skills in high demand
B)develop coal,gold,and silver mines wherever possible as quick sources of jobs
C)provide meals and mosquito nets for every child under the age of five
D)encourage the expansion of national militaries to provide income and technical training

Question 28

Examine the relationships between poverty,environmental degradation,and fertility.We would expect that increased industrialization and development would affect the poverty cycle by

A)increasing available resources permitting larger family sizes.
B)decreasing the use of natural resources.
C)increasing the demand for food.
D)increasing the use of contraceptives.

Question 29

The lowest-income countries will need to address the Millennium Development Goals by relying on

A)costs shared equally between domestic sources and wealthy donor countries.
B)increased harvesting of natural resources.
C)increased international trade and foreign investments in natural resources.
D)the development of new technologies that create high-tech jobs and improve health care.

Question 30

Which of the following descriptions is most characteristic of the world's poorest people?

A)On her way to high school,a young girl walks along a path at the edge of a rice field.
B)Filling a pot with water from a community water reserve,a mother prepares to make a meal of rice and fish,barely enough to feed her husband and two children.
C)A thin man in his 80s,smoking a cigarette,makes his way to cast a ballot in a national election.
D)In a large city,a 12 year-old boy sits under a stack of tin he calls home,unable to read the nearby billboards.

Question 31

Examine the dependency ratio trends for the regions in this figure.The dependency ratio for high-income countries has risen because

A)more people work to keep per capita incomes high.
B)as per capita income rises,family size increases.
C)as per capita income rises,people marry at a younger age.
D)life-spans are longer following a demographic window.

Question 32

Which of the following represents the Millennium Development Goal that is least likely to be achieved?

A)universal primary education
B)reduced child mortality
C)increased access to clean drinking water
D)decreased maternal childbirth deaths

Question 33

A study is conducted to understand how some developing countries have made social and economic progress.Which of the following would be a surprising finding in such a study?

A)decreased fertility rates
B)increased availability of clean drinking water
C)decreased support of education
D)a decline in extreme poverty

Question 34

Which one of the following best illustrates a situation most likely to reduce extreme poverty?

A)Farmers are encouraged to sell their land in an effort to create large farms that can be managed more efficiently.
B)Children of the poorest families attend school without any cost,including school lunches.
C)Banks are provided with tax incentives to help people purchase a home.
D)All members of the poorest families over the age of 10 are provided with jobs on farms,helping to provide food for all the impoverished members of their community.

Question 35

Which of the following affects the greatest number of people in the developing world?

A)water availability
B)lack of primary schools for children
C)inadequate sanitation
D)no childhood immunization for measles

Question 36

The Millennium Development Goals focus on

A)the separate continents of the world,with each continent coordinating the efforts of its countries.
B)international efforts to increase the economic development of the most impoverished countries.
C)matters of health,reducing the spread of disease,and promoting diet and nutrition.
D)ending extreme poverty and hunger all over the world.

Question 37

The Millennium Development Goals were wide ranging,but did not specifically address

A)communicable disease.
B)maternal health and child mortality.
C)higher secondary and college education.
D)environmental sustainability.

Question 38

In general,high poverty produces

A)high fertility and greater environmental damage.
B)low fertility and greater environmental damage.
C)high fertility and less environmental damage.
D)low fertility and less environmental damage.

Question 39

If the Millennium Development goal to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by 2015 is achieved,

A)almost a billion people will still live in extreme poverty.
B)no continent will have more than 10,000 people still hungry.
C)fertility rates will decline to those of most European nations.
D)the rural population of the world will nearly double.

Question 40

Which of the following is something the World Bank might do?

A)purchase mineral rights from developing countries
B)construct dams paid for by revenues generated through the sale of electrical power
C)lend money to governments of developing countries for a variety of projects
D)construct highways and navigation canals for increased international commerce

Question 41

How do the populations of the United States and India compare today?

A)Each country has about the same density of people per square mile.
B)The population density of the U.S.is greater than of India.
C)India has the same population size of the United States.
D)India has almost four times the population of the United States.

Question 42

The World Bank's new direction addresses the intersection of which three concerns in sustainable development?

A)economic,social,and environmental factors
B)educational,economic,and health factors
C)medical,educational,and environmental factors
D)social,education,and health factors

Question 43

The latest strategic theme of the World Bank is best summarized as

A)plenty amidst poverty.
B)investment where poverty is greatest and resources are plenty.
C)technology to encourage economic development.
D)development with environmental sustainability.

Question 44

Social modernization involves many areas that revolve around

A)sustainable environmental policy.
B)the roles of women.
C)economic development.
D)technology.

Question 45

Most recently,the official development assistance of the United States government

A)is about the same as contributions from all private organizations in the United States.
B)as a percent of GNI,is about the same as the country of Norway.
C)combined with all US private philanthropy,was less than 1.0 % of GNI.
D)has declined to levels below those a decade or more ago.

Question 46

It is clear that for Haitian aid and remittances,

A)remittances and aid have been growing at the same rate.
B)Haitians receive more support from remittance than from other nations.
C)the gap between aid and remittances has been growing.
D)Haiti has undergone demographic transition.

Question 47

How are developing countries likely affected by the most recent global economic crisis?

A)Developed countries may increase aid to developing countries.
B)Developing countries will likely increase exports.
C)Developing countries may experience decreasing GNI.
D)Developed countries may reduce barriers to trade with developing countries.

Question 48

Which of the following illustrate the liquidation of ecosystem capital by a developing country?

A)increasing agricultural output to produce wheat for export
B)permitting bridges and roads to degrade without repair
C)expanding the logging of exotic hardwood forests to provide lumber for furniture in developed countries
D)All of the above.

Question 49

Which of the following gives the greatest increase to the economic progress of a developing country?

A)enrolling more men in trade schools
B)increasing scholarships to increase enrollments in engineering schools
C)increasing basic literacy rates of boys,girls and undereducated adults
D)teaching young women how to prepare more nutritious meals

Question 50

The region of Kerala in India demonstrates that improvements in health care and longevity are correlated with

A)decreases in literacy rates.
B)increased reliance upon India's caste system.
C)decreases in per capita income.
D)reductions in total fertility rates and a high literacy rate.

Question 51

Over the past 25 years,South Korea has enjoyed three times the economic growth of Pakistan,primarily because of

A)higher rates of school enrollment and literacy.
B)greater government investment in technology and infrastructure.
C)more sustainable environmental policies.
D)greater efforts to combat malaria and other infectious disease.

Question 52

Official allocation of government aid is directed

A)to regions most impacted by battles and other acts of war.
B)to areas most ravaged by infectious parasites such as malaria.
C)by world events and conflicts and by the strategic interests of the donor country.
D)by international organizations focused on environmental sustainability.

Question 53

Immigrants who maintain ties to their native countries

A)reflect a brain drain of their native economies.
B)send much of their money home as remittances.
C)typically provide little support to their native countries,struggling instead to support themselves.
D)often rely upon resources from their native homes just to survive.

Question 54

China's one-child policy was adopted because

A)contagious disease was rampant in the 1970s and fewer people meant less contagion.
B)it was clear the nation could not live within the limit of its resources if the population continued to grow.
C)there were too few jobs and too many people.
D)the fertility rate was too low and the nation needed more people to populate vacant lands.

Question 55

As of 2012,China's

A)population has doubled.
B)fertility rate has declined from 4.5 to 1.5.
C)population has 400 million more people than it would have had without the one-child policy.
D)solution to population growth has been endorsed strongly by the 1994 Cairo Conference.

Question 56

In recent years,the World Bank has

A)increasingly invested in projects that increase development at the expense of the poor.
B)stopped loaning money to countries that are unlikely to repay their loans.
C)changed its mission to fighting poverty.
D)cooperated with the United Nations to provide food and medical support to developing nations.

Question 57

Which of the following is an expected outcome of debt relief in developing nations?

A)increased spending on health and more children going to school
B)increased use of technology by the poorest citizens
C)decreased reliance upon fossil fuels for heating and cooking
D)increased access to public transportation in rural parts of the country

Question 58

India's improvements in food production and health care have

A)brought India the levels of development equal to most industrialized countries.
B)been offset by tremendous growth in population size.
C)resulted in literacy rates above 80% for women.
D)resulted in most people employed in high-tech jobs in the cities.

Question 59

To enforce China's one-child policy,the government

A)promoted voluntary compliance as a patriotic act.
B)deported anyone who did not comply.
C)instituted an elaborate system of economic and social incentives and penalties.
D)pursued strict compliance in rural agricultural areas but not in urban areas.

Question 60

Which of the following analogies best illustrates the credit-debt trap?

A)A country must refinance a loan from 10 to 30 years to be able to make payments.
B)A company is paying off a 15-year loan on an investment that will not produce revenues for five years.
C)A family must take on additional jobs to pay back loans needed to provide a home and food.
D)A person is only able to pay some of the interest,and none of the principal,of a large credit card bill.

Question 61

Compared to a person in a developed country,a person in a developing country is about eight times more likely to die from

A)cancer.
B)injuries.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)communicable diseases.

Question 62

Which of the following is a part of family-planning services?

A)instruction on breast-feeding
B)advice on the best timing of an additional pregnancy following a birth
C)education to reduce the risks of sexually transmitted disease
D)All of the above.

Question 63

Which of the following aspects of medicine would have the greatest impact if more widely practiced in a developing country?

A)greater access to high-tech medical procedures
B)better access to cancer therapies and clinics
C)improvements in nutrition and hygiene
D)increased availability of cholesterol and blood pressure lowering drugs

Question 64

One major effort in developing countries is illustrated in the photo above.This is an effort to

A)emphasize environmental policy by moving classrooms outdoors.
B)teach foreign languages in schools.
C)increase the number of girls in schools.
D)encourage better nutrition by teaching children how to raise chickens.

Question 65

Microlending has

A)been limited to Bangladesh and two other countries because it requires specific conditions.
B)struggled because far too many poor people are unable to pay off their loans under impoverished conditions.
C)been successful in large part due to considerable investments by the United Nations to cover the losses of more than 40% of the unpaid loans.
D)produced million of loans,primarily to women,in more than 40 countries.

Question 66

Small-scale businesses in Bangladesh have done well because of the Grameen bank lending

A)large amounts of money to men.
B)large amounts of money to women.
C)small amounts of money to men.
D)small amounts of money to women.

Question 67

Abortion

A)is encouraged by the United Nations as part of its policy on family planning.
B)remains the most effective way for people in developed nations to limit family size.
C)is rarely performed in developing countries because of the lack of medical care.
D)would be less common if family planning services were more available.

Question 68

If you only had one million dollars to spend on a population of 10,000 people in a village in a developing country,which of the following would have the greatest impact on their health?

A)creation of reliable source of clean water and proper sewage systems
B)medical supplies to treat labor-related injuries
C)bring in large supplies of nutritious fresh fruits and vegetables
D)take samples of the water and local foods to identify sources of toxins and carcinogens

Question 69

Organizations in the United States that are opposed to abortion would most likely reduce the greatest number of abortions in the world by

A)protesting financial support to developing countries.
B)distributing brochures against abortion to women in the developing world.
C)pressuring the US government to only support developing countries that have anti-abortion policies.
D)helping to finance family planning clinics in developing countries.

Question 70

The poor,interested in starting a small business in a developing country,are most helped by

A)insurance brokers who reassure the bank that the new business does not pose a credit risk.
B)banks that provide large loans that permit the new business to establish a solid foundation.
C)the involvement of women in the new business,due to their reputation as good workers.
D)the availability of microloans from a new kind of bank.

Question 71

Which of the following are the greatest health threats in a developing country?

A)cardiovascular disease,including heart attacks and strokes
B)poisoning and exposure to carcinogens
C)conditions arising from poor nutrition and lack of hygiene
D)injuries from manual labor and agriculture

Question 72

Unlike developed countries,children in developing countries often die from

A)common ailments such as diarrhea.
B)hunting accidents.
C)accidents involving farm equipment and other agricultural activities.
D)snakebite or large predators such as crocodiles and tigers.

Question 73

With billions of dollars already spent to fight AIDS and the need for much more money,which of the following represents the best strategy to fight AIDS in the world?

A)increase preventive measures to slow new infections,especially changes in sexual behavior
B)create,manufacture,and distribute as widely as possible a new AIDS vaccine
C)produce generic versions of drugs known to be affective against HIV
D)adopt policies to quarantine large populations of HIV infected people to prevent further spread of HIV

Question 74

Planned Parenthood and the UNFPA are

A)agencies that advocate abortion and operate within the United States.
B)agencies that give broadly based assistance to clients within the United States.
C)international family planning agencies that do not operate within the United States.
D)international agencies that provide broadly based family planning services in developing nations.

Question 75

What are the expected results of sending at least 50% of children in a developing country to secondary schools?

A)increased fertility and larger families
B)population shifts from urban to rural communities
C)decreased reliance upon urban transportation
D)healthier children,less poverty and decreased fertility

Question 76

With its devastating impact on global health,AIDS

A)is most abundant in developed countries.
B)in sub-Saharan Africa is primarily spread through homosexual contact.
C)in Swaziland is lower than most developed countries due to the increased reliance on condoms.
D)deaths have declined due to increased funding from developed countries.

Question 77

Attention to which of the following would provide the greatest impact to all of the Millennium Development Goals?

A)protein content of foods
B)clean water and modern sanitation
C)prevention and treatment of injury
D)maternal pre-natal and post-natal care for mothers and infants

Question 78

Which of the following is associated with an increase in the number of abortions?

A)increased use of emergency contraception
B)reduced financial support of family planning clinics
C)widespread availability of condoms and birth control pills
D)availability of Plan B or Preven as over the counter drugs

Question 79

You are a newly appointed advisor in a government project to help move a developing country forward economically.With limited financial resources and staffing,which of the following would be your highest priority?

A)create new businesses by partnering with developed nations
B)help the government promote family planning throughout the country
C)shift the focus of agriculture to that which will produce the highest yields of nutritious foods
D)build up the ports of the country to increase the ability to import and export products

Question 80

A surprising new finding in the battle against AIDS reveals that HIV transmission in heterosexual relationships is reduced if

A)the woman is taking the pill for birth control.
B)a woman has already had two children.
C)the male has had sex with a prostitute.
D)the male is circumcised.