Deck 8: Sustaining Biodiversity - the Species Approach

Question 1

A species is biologically extinct when it has disappeared from the earth.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Roads do not cause habitat fragmentation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The primary reason polar bear population are declining is because their fur keeps their body temperature too warm in light of global warming trends.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Extinction can be the result of habitat fragmentation.​

Question 5

It is estimated that between one-fourth and one-half of the world's plant and animal species will suffer premature extinction by the end of this century.​

Question 6

Pollution from human activities primarily affects human health,with any effects on the environment are small in comparison.​

Question 7

A low speciation rate contributes to negative effects on biodiversity.​

Question 8

Both mature male lions and elephants bring in more money as ecotourism attractions than if they are poached for their hide and ivory.​

Question 9

The primary threat to polar bears is pollution from oil spills in Arctic waters.​

Question 10

Nonnative species thrive in new ecosystems because they have superior gene pools.​

Question 11

The United States Endangered Species Act offers protection only for species located within United States boundaries.​

Question 12

Species can be more vulnerable to storms and forest fires because of habitat fragmentation.​

Question 13

The African honeybee,or killer bee,is a deliberately introduced invasive species​

Question 14

Zoos and aquariums can be used to protect wild species and serve as gene banks.​

Question 15

Argentina fire ants have developed a genetic resistance to pesticides.​

Question 16

A major reason to preserve wild species is ro provide game hunting and fishing opportunities.

Question 17

The world's wild species provide ecological resources and services that keep us alive and support human economies.​

Question 18

One of the causes of extinction is human population growth.​

Question 19

A major reason for addressing increasing rates of extinctions is the issue of reduced speciation.​

Question 20

Invasive species have no usefulness for humans.​

Question 21

​The current rate of extinction is ____ compared to the rate that existed before humans arrived on the earth.

A) ​about the same
B) ​slightly less
C) ​up to 1,000 times higher
D) ​almost 1,000 times lower
E) ​fluctuating wildly

Question 22

​While the hide of a male lion in Kenya will bring in $1,000,if the same male lion lives to age seven,he would bring in approximately ____ ecotourist dollars.

A) ​a few hundred
B) ​a few thousand
C) ​$5,000
D) ​$515,000
E) ​$1,000,000

Question 23

​An endangered species is best described as any species that ____.

A) ​has fewer than two individuals remaining
B) ​is in danger of becoming rare
C) ​will soon become extinct in all or part of its range
D) ​may eventually become threatened
E) ​is considered economically important

Question 24

The butchering and eating of some forms of bushmeat has helped to spread diseases such as HIV/AIDS and the Ebola virus.​

Question 25

​Biologists warn that human activities might actually increase the ____ for various weeds and pests.

A) ​ecological services
B) ​habitat fragmentation
C) ​extinction rates
D) ​biodiversity
E) ​speciation rate

Question 26

​A major reason for preventing extinction is the belief of many people that ____.

A) ​all species have economic value
B) ​nature has a spiritual value
C) ​wild species have a right to exist
D) ​animals have the same rights as humans
E) ​there is recreational value of species to humans

Question 27

Some biodiversity experts advise us to focus our biodiversity conservation efforts on ____.

A) ​slowing high rates of extinction in biodiversity hotspots
B) slowing extinction in temperature deciduous forests
C) ​saving single important species
D) ​saving the polar bear which is the most endangered of all creatures
E) ​saving fish populations because of their importance as a food source for humans

Question 28

​What does the increase in incidents of polar bears visiting human settlements indicate?

A) ​Polar bear populations are not declining.
B) ​Limited prey is driving the bears to seek food in human settlements.
C) ​Polar bear populations are increasing.
D) ​Human food is more appealing to polar bears than wild seals.
E) ​Polar bear populations are increasing and human food is more appealing.

Question 29

​What is currently the most important threat to the survival of polar bears?

A) ​pollutants driven by currents from oceans in more temperate climate zones
B) ​hunting by native populations
C) ​disruptions from tourism
D) ​limited hunting opportunities due to less floating ice
E) ​slow extinction as a result of documented global population cycles

Question 30

​Why is it important to know the background and projected extinction rates for global species?

A) At least 25% and as many as 50% of the world's roughly 2 million identified animal and plant species could vanish
B) ​The speciation rate of pests could increase to 1,000 times the background rate.
C) ​More species are becoming endangered in well-populated and developed countries.
D) ​More species are becoming threatened in well-populated and developed countries.
E) ​Background extinction rates are rising at an accelerating rate.

Question 31

​A bioprospector is someone who ____.

A) ​searches for plants that can be used as biofuels
B) ​tests plants and animals in various ecosystems to find chemicals that are potentially useful as medicinal drugs
C) ​searches for new way to economically exploit animals
D) ​prospects for wild organic foods
E) ​is a biologists and medical doctor who works for private industry

Question 32

Some plant species could go extinct if bird species become displaced by climate change and habitat loss.

Question 33

Various plant species provide value as food crops,fuelwood,lumber,and paper from trees,and useful scientific knowledge.What term best describes this type of value?

A) ​natural benefits
B) ​ecotourist value
C) ​ecologic provisions
D) ​economic services
E) ​bioprospecting

Question 34

​What is the cause of extinction and reduction in wild species that compete for resources with humans?

A) ​hunting similar prey
B) ​use of pesticides that inadvertently kill wild species
C) ​human population growth
D) ​pollution
E) ​invasive species

Question 35

​A biologist is most likely to say that the honeybee is ____.

A) ​endangered
B) ​migrating away because of climate change
C) ​going extinct
D) ​experiencing colony collapse disorder
E) ​threatened

Question 36

​The species-area relationship suggests that if 90% of a coral reef is lost,then ____.

A) ​90% of the species utilizing the reef will go extinct
B) ​100% of the species will go extinct
C) ​50% of the species will go extinct
D) ​speciation of invasive animals will increase
E) ​the habitat will forever become fragmented

Question 37

Polar bears might only be found in ____ at the end of this century.​

A) ​areas with icebergs
B) ​very limited areas
C) ​zoos
D) ​the immediate north and south pole regions
E) ​remote mountains with glaciers

Question 38

​Extinction recoveries can ____.

A) ​never happen
B) ​take several million years
C) ​happen over a few hundred years
D) ​be detrimental to existing species
E) ​only happen in the absence human activity

Question 39

A decline in bird species simply means that the birds have migrated elsewhere because of their ability to fly.​

Question 40

​There are an estimated 50,000 to 60,000 orangutans in the wild that are ____ at a rate of 1,000 to 2,000 per year.

A) ​becoming threatened
B) ​becoming endangered
C) increasing speciation
D) ​raising ecotourism dollars
E) ​disappearing

Question 41

The major factor in the population explosion of the zebra mussel in the Great Lakes region is ____.​

A) ​the zebra mussel's specialist ecological niche
B) ​because it has a hard shell that protects it from predation
C) ​its ability to latch onto to boats and travel to new locations
D) ​the illegal importation for restaurant food
E) ​its rapid reproductive rate and its lack of natural enemies that might control its population

Question 42

​The Convention on Biological Diversity was ratified or accepted by 193 countries.Which country was NOT among those who ratified this treaty?

A) ​Russia
B) ​China
C) ​The United Kingdom
D) ​Canada
E) ​The United States

Question 43

The decline in approximately 70% of the world's bird species is particularly alarming to scientists because ____.​

A) ​this is the first time any bird species have been threatened with declining numbers
B) ​the cause is a non-human activity that scientists cannot determine.
C) ​only land birds are affected,while water birds seem to be maintaining normal population numbers
D) ​birds are excellent environmental indicators
E) ​bird watching now generates a significant portion of tourist dollars in some countries

Question 44

​The greatest threat to most species is ____.

A) ​loss of habitat
B) ​water pollution
C) ​parasites
D) ​sport hunting
E) ​global drought conditions

Question 45

Captive breeding programs in zoos ____.​

A) ​eliminate the need to preserve critical habitats
B) ​can be used for most species except mammals
C) ​increase the genetic variability of species
D) ​require the captive population to number between 100 and 500
E) ​are largely unsuccessful

Question 46

Why has the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity been slow?​

A) ​lack of acceptance by the United Nations
B) ​war and conflict in many biodiversity hotspots
C) ​inability of poor countries to enforce the conventions
D) ​lack of ratification by key counties including the United States.
E) ​difficulties in controlling poaching

Question 47

​The Endangered Species Act was designed to ____.

A) ​catalogue and protect threatened species from extinction in the United States
B) ​identify and protect endangered species only in the United States
C) ​identify and protect endangered species in the United States and abroad
D) ​develop recovery plans for listed species more quickly
E) ​emphasize the protection of biological diversity and ecosystem functioning

Question 48

​What is a threat to 60% of the U.S.wildlife refuges?

A) ​ecotourism and hunting
B) ​invasive species
C) ​human population growth
D) ​habitat fragmentation
E) ​mining,oil drilling,and use of off-road vehicles

Question 49

The 'extinction capital' of the United States is ____.​

A) ​Florida,with 63% of its species at risk
B) ​Key West,with 72% of its species at risk
C) ​California,with 63% of its species at risk
D) ​Hawaii,with 63% of its species at risk
E) ​Puerto Rico,with 63% of its species at risk

Question 50

The international illegal trade in wildlife brings in an average of ____.​

A) ​$600,000 per year
B) ​$1.8 million per hour
C) ​$1.1 million per year
D) ​$500,000 per hour
E) ​$100 million per year

Question 51

Egg pulling refers to ____.​

A) ​techniques used to extend the breeding span of captured birds
B) ​collecting eggs from the wild and hatching them in zoos or research centers
C) ​using fertility drugs to increase productivity
D) ​production of hybrids in captive breeding programs
E) ​collecting unfertilized eggs from ovaries of wild animals

Question 52

​HIPPCO is ____.

A) ​an acronym that summarizes the Endangered Species Act goals
B) ​an acronym to summarize the direct causes of extinction resulting from human activities
C) ​the name of an ecotourism company in Africa that specializes in hippopotamus sightings
D) ​an acronym to summarize the health care right to privacy act
E) ​an trading company in Africa that sells hippopotamus hides

Question 53

​What is the best way to reduce threats from invasive species?

A) ​eradication
B) prevention​
C) ​pesticides
D) ​genetic engineering
E) ​technology and science

Question 54

​With the absence of emergency action to curtail ____ and preserve tiger habitat,few if any tigers,including the Sumatran tiger,will be left in the wild by 2022.

A) ​pollution
B) ​climate change
C) ​invasive species
D) ​fragmentation
E) ​poaching

Question 55

​The Argentina fire ant is ____.

A) ​extinct because of insecticides
B) ​threatened
C) ​endangered
D) ​an accidentally introduced species
E) ​a deliberately introduced species

Question 56

​The greatest threat to species habitat loss is ____.

A) ​climate change
B) ​pollution
C) ​tropical deforestation
D) ​desertification
E) ​invasive species

Question 57

Establishing international treaties that ban the transfer of potentially harmful species from one country to another is a good way to control ____.​

A) overexploitation​
B) ​poaching
C) ​population growth
D) ​habitat fragmentation
E) ​invasive species

Question 58

​Kudzu was deliberately introduced to the U.S.to help ____.

A) ​stabilize honey bee populations
B) ​eliminate other invasive species
C) ​control soil erosion
D) ​manage colony collapse disorders in various species
E) ​produce sustainable food sources

Question 59

According to a 2013 study by the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD),almost ____ of the ESA-protected species are recovering at the rate projected in their recovery plans.​

A) ​none
B) ​90%
C) ​35%
D) ​20%
E) ​10%

Question 60

In a biomagnification situation,a chemical pollutant ____ at each trophic level in a food chain or web.​

A) ​decreases
B) ​increases
C) ​becomes less concentrated
D) ​changes
E) ​enters the system

Question 61

​The ____________________ relationship explains how 90% of land habitat loss can cause 50% of the species to go extinct in a given area.

Question 62

What does the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)specifically address?​

A) ​poaching of all protected wild species
B) ​determining which species become listed as threatened
C) ​banning the hunting,capturing,and selling of threatened or endangered species
D) ​establishing trade laws for all economically important wild species
E) ​legally requiring governments to reduce the global rate of biodiversity loss

Question 63

Biologists conservatively estimate that the current extinction rate is at least ____________________ times the normal background extinction rate.​

Question 64

The United States has not signed or ratified the ____________________ treaty.

Question 65

When it comes to wood products,what is the most important step you can take to help protect endangered species?​

A) ​Do not buy furs or ivory.
B) ​Do not buy wood products from tropical or old-growth forests.
C) ​Do not buy pet animals from the tropics.
D) ​Support your local forester.
E) ​Avoid having campfires.

Question 66

​Birds contaminated with ____________________ have been unable to successfully reproduce because of excessively fragile eggshells.

Question 67

​The endangered species act requires that all commercial shipments of wildlife products ____.

A) ​be inspected for disease carrying animals
B) ​enter or leave the country through one of 17 designated ports
C) ​file for appropriate permits through the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service
D) ​pay heavy import taxes that discourage trafficking of endangered species
E) ​occur in specially designed container that protect animals and plants

Question 68

____________________ are environmental indicators because they live in every climate and biome,respond quickly to environmental changes in their habitats,and are fairly easy to track and count.​

Question 69

​Polar bears might be found only in ____________________ by the end of this century.

Question 70

A habitat that is isolated by roads,agriculture,or urban development is called a(n)____________________.​

Question 71

In the 1600s,English settlers introduced the ____________________,which is a deliberately introduced invasive species that is used to pollinate most crops.

Question 72

A small orchid plant that is found only on a tiny island in the Atlantic Ocean,just off the coast of Florida,has been listed as an endangered species.Which agency was responsible for listing this plant as endangered?​

A) ​National Marine Fisheries Service
B) ​U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service
C) ​U.S.Botanical Survey
D) ​International Commission on Rare Plants
E) ​Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

Question 73

What is to the best approach to preserving genetic information for endangered plant species?​

A) ​national laws
B) ​protected areas
C) ​wildlife refuges
D) ​arboretums
E) ​seed banks

Question 74

____________________ is a process by which chemicals entering the food chain in lower organisms become concentrated as they move to animals at higher trophic levels.

Question 75

​What agency or group is responsible for studying the status of threatened dolphins and whether it should be listed as endangered under the U.S.Endangered Species Act?

A) ​Environmental Protection Agency
B) ​CITES
C) ​National Marine Fisheries Service
D) ​Convention on Biological Diversity
E) ​U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service

Question 76

Scientists believe that the greatest human influenced threat to wild species is ____________________.​

Question 77

Recent genetic research indicates that ____ or more individuals are needed for an endangered species to maintain its capacity for biological evolution.​

A) ​10
B) ​100
C) ​1,000
D) ​10,000
E) ​100,000

Question 78

What HIPPCO activity is the main threat to the beaches where endangered sea turtles breed?​

A) ​invasive species
B) ​pollution
C) ​fragmentation
D) ​climate change
E) ​use of pesticides

Question 79

​Most species reintroductions fail because a suitable ____________________ is not available.

Question 80

The growing consensus is that the European honeybee ____________________ is likely caused by a combination of interacting factors related to several forms of environmental degradation.​