Deck 12: Liquids, solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Question 1

The rate of evaporation will increase if you pour a liquid out onto a large surface.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Evaporation is decreased by increasing the intermolecular forces.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Compounds with very high vapor pressures must have very minimal intermolecular forces.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Without intermolecular forces,solids and liquids would not exist and all matter would be gaseous.

Question 5

Atoms in a solid are always arranged in a well-ordered pattern.

Question 6

Liquids that are viscous flow more slowly than liquids that are not viscous.

Question 7

Viscosity increases with increased intermolecular force because the molecules attract each other strongly which hinders the flow.

Question 8

The process of heating a pot of water from room temperature to boiling temperature is an exothermic process.

Question 9

Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between atoms within a compound.

Question 10

Evaporation and condensation are opposite processes.

Question 11

Solids usually have much greater densities than gases because molecules of a solid are much farther apart.

Question 12

The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a solution is equal to the intermolecular forces.

Question 13

Liquids can be easily compressed.

Question 14

Evaporation is an endothermic process.

Question 15

Oil would be considered a nonvolatile liquid while gasoline would be considered volatile.

Question 16

Gases typically have high densities in comparison to solids.

Question 17

The strength of the surface tension is inversely related to the strength of the intermolecular forces.

Question 18

Increasing the temperature increases the vaporization rate of a liquid because the excess energy is used to break covalent bonds.

Question 19

The shapes of protein molecules are determined by intermolecular forces.

Question 20

Intermolecular forces determine if a substance is a solid,liquid or gas at room temperature.

Question 21

Water has a heat of vaporization of 44.0 kJ/mol while the chemical diethyl ether has a heat of vaporization of 27.1 kJ/mol.This shows that one mole of water would vaporize more easily than would one mole of diethyl ether.

Question 22

Ice is an example of a molecular solid.

Question 23

Heat is released when a liquid freezes into a solid.

Question 24

All intermolecular forces are broken when a liquid vaporizes into a gas.

Question 25

Intermolecular forces hold atoms and molecules in place in a solid.

Question 26

H₂ boils at a higher temperature than He because H₂ undergoes hydrogen bonding.

Question 27

Dipole-dipole forces are weaker than dispersion forces.

Question 28

Ion-dipole forces occur in mixtures of ionic compounds and polar compounds.

Question 29

Dispersion forces result from the temporary distortion of the electron cloud in an atom or molecule which increases in magnitude with increasing size.

Question 30

The heat of fusion for water is significantly more than the heat of vaporization for water because fusion requires complete separation of one molecule from another.

Question 31

A glass of ice water containing nine ice cubes will be colder than a similar-size glass of ice water containing only three ice cubes.

Question 32

Atomic solids,such as graphite,have a weak dispersion force holding them together.

Question 33

Ion-dipole force is considered the weakest of the different types of intermolecular forces.

Question 34

For hydrogen bonding to occur,a molecule must have a hydrogen atom bonded directly to a fluorine,oxygen,or nitrogen atom.

Question 35

Ionic solids tend to have higher melting points than molecular solids.

Question 36

When one mole of water vapor at 100°C condenses,it will release an amount of energy equivalent to its heat of vaporization (40.7 kJ).

Question 37

Sublimation is the process of a liquid being converted directly to a gas.

Question 38

Attraction between the Na⁺ cation and Cl^- anion holds the solid lattice of sodium chloride together.

Question 39

The melting point is reached when sufficient energy has been added to the molecules in a substance to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them stationary.

Question 40

Hydrogen bonding occurs whenever hydrogen is present.

Question 41

Compounds that are similar to water in molecular mass all exist as solids.

Question 42

Increasing the intermolecular forces of a liquid will do which of the following?

A)increase the viscosity
B)decrease the evaporation rate
C)increase the surface tension
D)decrease the vapor pressure
E)all of the above

Question 43

The tendency of a liquid to minimize its surface area is called:

A)capillary action.
B)viscosity.
C)surface tension.
D)vaporization.
E)none of the above

Question 44

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous form is called:

A)dynamic equilibrium.
B)heat of fusion.
C)condensation.
D)vaporization.
E)volatile.

Question 45

Which state of matter has a low density and is easily compressed?

A)solids
B)liquids
C)gases
D)both solids and liquids
E)none of the above

Question 46

Evaporation is:

A)increased by increasing temperature.
B)an endothermic process.
C)the opposite process to condensation.
D)a cooling process for humans when they sweat.
E)all of the above

Question 47

Which statement about surface tension is FALSE?

A)Liquids tend to minimize their surface area.
B)Molecules on the surface of the liquid have fewer molecules to interact with.
C)Increased intermolecular forces increase surface tension.
D)Items with densities lower than water will sink due to surface tension.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 48

Which state of matter has a low density and an indefinite volume?

A)solids
B)liquids
C)gases
D)both solids and liquids
E)none of the above

Question 49

The rate of vaporization of a liquid can be increased by:
1.increasing the surface area
2.increasing the temperature
3.increasing the strength of the intermolecular forces

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 2 only
E)2 and 3 only

Question 50

Which state of matter has a high density and a definite volume?

A)solids
B)liquids
C)gases
D)both solids and liquids
E)none of the above

Question 51

The measure of the resistance to the flow of a liquid is called:

A)vapor pressure.
B)sublimation.
C)viscosity.
D)condensation.
E)none of the above

Question 52

The opposite process of freezing is:

A)evaporation.
B)sublimation.
C)boiling.
D)condensation.
E)none of the above

Question 53

A situation where two opposite processes are occurring at equal rates,and no net change is taking place,is called:

A)vaporization.
B)condensation.
C)evaporation.
D)dynamic equilibrium.
E)none of the above

Question 54

Ice can float in a glass of liquid water because the solid form of water is more dense than the liquid form.

Question 55

You can increase the vapor pressure of a liquid by:

A)increasing temperature.
B)increasing the viscosity.
C)establishing dynamic equilibrium.
D)using a nonvolatile compound.
E)all of the above

Question 56

Which statement about boiling point is FALSE?

A)The boiling point is higher for compounds with strong intermolecular forces.
B)The boiling point is higher for compounds with a high viscosity.
C)The boiling point of a compound is an absolute constant.
D)The boiling point of a compound is higher for nonvolatile compounds.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 57

Water has unusual physical properties which enable life to exist on earth.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Evaporation is an endothermic process.
B)A puddle of water cools down as it evaporates.
C)As a liquid is converted into a gas,the liquid absorbs heat.
D)All of the above are true.
E)None of the above are true.

Question 59

Which state of matter has a high density and an indefinite shape?

A)solids
B)liquids
C)gases
D)both solids and liquids
E)none of the above

Question 60

Intermolecular forces are responsible for:

A)the taste sensations.
B)the shape of protein molecules.
C)the function of DNA.
D)the existence of liquids and solids.
E)all of the above

Question 61

How much energy does it take to melt a 16.87 g ice cube?
= 6.02 kJ/mol

A)102 kJ
B)108 kJ
C)936 J
D)5.64 kJ
E)none of the above

Question 62

The ability of sodium chloride to mix with water is most likely due to:

A)dispersion force
B)ion-dipole force
C)dipole-dipole force
D)hydrogen bonding
E)none of the above

Question 63

What is the heat of vaporization(kJ/mol)if it takes of heat to completely vaporize of the liquid at its boiling point?

A)1288
B)1.29
C)0.776
D)12.2
E)none of the above

Question 64

The amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid is called the:

A)heat of vaporization.
B)heat of fusion.
C)heating curve.
D)cooling curve.
E)none of the above

Question 65

How many kilojoules of heat are needed to completely vaporize 428 grams of C₄H₁₀O at its boiling point?
Given = 26.5kJ/mol

A)74.12
B)9.49
C)15.3
D)16.3
E)none of the above

Question 66

Gaseous water vapor can frost the windows of a car on a cold morning.This process of a gas changing directly into a solid is known as:

A)deposition.
B)melting.
C)condensation.
D)sublimation.
E)none of the above

Question 67

Which substance below has dipole-dipole forces?

A)CH₄
B)CO₂
C)F₂
D)H₂S
E)none of the above

Question 68

Liquids that have high vapor pressure and low boiling points are called:

A)abnormal liquids.
B)volatile liquids.
C)non-volatile liquids.
D)viscous liquids.
E)none of the above

Question 69

Which statement is TRUE in describing what occurs when a solid melts to a liquid?

A)The process is endothermic and the heat of fusion is positive.
B)The process is endothermic and the heat of fusion is negative.
C)The process is exothermic and the heat of fusion is positive.
D)The process is exothermic and the heat of fusion is negative.
E)not enough information

Question 70

When sufficient quantity of heat has been added to reach the boiling point of a solution,what happens to any additional heat added?

A)Additional heat is used to evaporate the liquid as the process is endothermic and requires continued input of energy.
B)Additional heat raises the temperature of the liquid which in turn increases the rate at which boiling occurs.
C)Additional heat lowers the intermolecular forces of the liquid which in turn increases the volatility of the liquid.
D)Additional heat alters the viscosity and the surface tension of the liquid which raises the vapor pressure and increases the boiling point which is why you must continually heat the solution.
E)None of the above are correct statements.

Question 71

Which intermolecular force is due to the formation of an instantaneous dipole?

A)dispersion forces
B)dipole-dipole forces
C)hydrogen bonding
D)X-forces
E)none of the above

Question 72

When you make ice cubes:

A)it is an endothermic process.
B)it is an exothermic process.
C)the heat of vaporization must be removed.
D)the process is referred to scientifically as sublimation.
E)none of the above

Question 73

In northern climates,it is common to have a layer of frost form on cars that have been out overnight in the winter.During the day the frost layer disappears despite the temperature of the ice remaining below freezing.How?

A)The frost melts due to the sun heating the surface of the car above the melting point.
B)The frost evaporates due to the sun heating the solid.
C)The frost cycles as does the saturation level of moisture in the winter air does from night to day.
D)The frost sublimes directly from solid ice to water vapor.
E)none of the above

Question 74

Paradichlorobenzene,a material used in "moth balls," is known to go directly from a solid form to a gaseous form.This process is known as:

A)melting
B)evaporation
C)condensation
D)boiling
E)sublimation

Question 75

Compare a small pot of water that is boiling vigorously to a large pot of water that is boiling gently.Which statement is TRUE?

A)The small pot is boiling at higher temperature than the large pot.
B)The large pot is boiling at a higher temperature than the small pot.
C)Both pots are boiling at the same temperature.
D)The vapor pressure of the liquid is greater than the pressure above the pot in each case.
E)none of the above

Question 76

How many joules of heat are needed to completely vaporize of water at its boiling point? Given = 40.6 kJ/mol

A)54.97
B)
C)29.98
D)
E)none of the above

Question 77

Which intermolecular force is present in all molecules and atoms?

A)dispersion forces
B)dipole-dipole forces
C)hydrogen bonding
D)X-forces
E)none of the above

Question 78

What happens as you start to add heat to a solid substance?

A)Thermal energy causes the components of the solid to vibrate faster.
B)When the melting point is reached,the thermal energy is sufficient to overcome intermolecular forces holding the components at their stationary points.
C)Increasing the rate of heating of a substance at its melting point only causes more rapid melting.
D)If a liquid forms,continued heating results in increasing the liquid temperature.
E)all of the above

Question 79

How many grams of C₄H₁₀O can be melted by 2.00 X 10³ J?
Given =7.27 kJ/mol

A)14.5
B)3.64
C)20.4
D)74.1
E)none of the above

Question 80

If we supply additional heat to a solid in equilibrium with its liquid at the melting point,the thermal energy added is used to:

A)overcome the intermolecular forces that hold the solid together.
B)expand the solid.
C)change the liquid back to solid.
D)change solid to liquid.
E)raise the temperature of the solid above its melting point.