Deck 1: Cancer: An Overview

Question 1

In which phase of the mammalian cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

A) G0
B) G1
C) G2
D) S
E) M

Answer 1

D
"S" is representative of synthesis and is the phase in which DNA synthesis occurs.

Question 2

A prognosis is an accurate life expectancy of a cancer patient.

Answer 2

False
Although a prognosis is a statement of life expectancy,it is only an estimate and should not be considered "accurate" or a definitive statement on how long the specific patient will actually live.

Question 3

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)is an example of a screening examination that is both sensitive and specific.

Answer 3

False
Although CEA is sensitive,it is not capable of distinguishing between benign and malignant conditions and it,therefore,is not specific.

Question 4

All clinical trials are retrospective.

Question 5

Identify the correct order for the phases of the mammalian cell cycle.

A) G1,G2,M,S
B) G1,G2,S,M
C) G1,M,G2,S
D) G1,S,G2,M

Question 6

Preoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy use lower doses than postoperative doses.

Question 7

As treatments reduce the number of tumor cells,the tumor's growth rate increases.

Question 8

Knowledge of cancer dates back to:

A) 1600 BC Egypt
B) 1600 AD England
C) 400 BC Greece
D) 1900 AD Germany

Question 9

The earlier a tumor is discovered,the lower is the chance of metastasis.

Question 10

Immunotherapy suppresses the patient's immune systems to aid in other forms of treatment such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Question 11

Nodal staging can be performed clinically.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer process?

A) antioncogenes
B) oncogenes
C) protooncogenes
D) somatooncogenes

Question 13

Which phase of the mammalian cell cycle is composed of functional cells not preparing for DNA replication?

A) G0
B) G1
C) G2
D) S
E) M

Question 14

Positive surgical margins means that the entire tumor was removed during the initial surgery.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a phase of the mammalian cell cycle?

A) G0
B) G1
C) G2
D) G3

Question 16

Cancer is contagious.

Question 17

Tumor-suppressor genes are also known as ___________.

A) antioncogenes
B) oncogenes
C) protooncogenes
D) somatooncogenes

Question 18

The incidence of stomach cancer is higher in the United States than it is in Japan.

Question 19

Retrospective studies cannot also be randomized studies.

Question 20

The components of a cancer workup will remain the same regardless of tumor type or stage.

Question 21

Which of the following biopsy methods cannot evaluate tumor architecture?

A) fine needle aspiration
B) core needle
C) incisional
D) excisional

Question 22

A T₁N₀M_X tumor has how many positive lymph nodes?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) unknown

Question 23

Which of the following treatment techniques uses radioactive sources?

A) external beam
B) intraoperative
C) brachytherapy
D) IMRT

Question 24

What is the "workup? "

A) the initial nursing visit
B) the initial physician visit
C) a series of diagnostic examinations
D) a physical assessment of the patient

Question 25

Tumors are the result of:

A) black bile
B) necrotic tissue
C) abnormal cellular proliferation
D) traumatic injury

Question 26

Which of the following factors does not affect the incidence of tumor sites?

A) informational
B) environmental
C) technological
D) geographic

Question 27

When compared with surgery,benefits of radiation therapy include all of the following except:

A) instantaneous cure
B) better cosmetic results
C) preservation of function
D) noninvasive

Question 28

Which of the following make for an effective screening examination?

A) specific
B) sensitive
C) cost-effective
D) accurate
E) all of the above

Question 29

Which of the following is not used for brachytherapy treatments?

A) cesium
B) cobalt
C) iodine
D) iridium

Question 30

Which department typically handles financial assistance,logistical issues,and community services?

A) radiation oncology
B) pastoral care
C) social work
D) administration

Question 31

Which of the following biopsy methods results in the removal of the entire tumor?

A) fine needle aspiration
B) core needle
C) incisional
D) excisional

Question 32

Tumor grade is a measure of ________. i.aggressiveness
Ii)differentiation
Iii)spread

A) i and ii
B) i and iii
C) ii and iii
D) i,ii,and iii

Question 33

Factors that may exclude a patient from having surgery include all of the following except:

A) preexisting medical conditions
B) tumor location
C) patient preference
D) classification

Question 34

Which of the following is not typically part of the workup?

A) patient demographics
B) type,location,and size of tumor
C) normal tissue invasion
D) presence of metastases

Question 35

Anaplastic tumors:

A) closely resemble the cells of origin
B) maintain some resemblance of the cells of origin
C) do not resemble the cells of origin

Question 36

Which of the following is true of benign tumors?

A) well differentiated
B) do not metastasize
C) encapsulated
D) all are true

Question 37

What is the "study of disease incidence"?

A) etiology
B) etymology
C) epidemiology
D) entomology

Question 38

What is the most common tumor staging system?

A) AJCC
B) FIGO
C) TNM
D) UICC

Question 39

What is defined as the "study of the cause of disease"?

A) etiology
B) etymology
C) epidemiology
D) entomology

Question 40

Which imaging modality is beneficial in distinguishing between recurrent disease and other tissue changes post treatment?

A) CT
B) PET
C) plain films
D) MR

Question 41

Which of the following best describes tumor spread?

A) exophytic
B) multicentric
C) dissemination
D) ulceration

Question 42

Pancreatic cancer may be treated using which technique?

A) interluminal
B) intervascular
C) intracavitary
D) intraoperative

Question 43

Which staff member is most responsible for designing the patient's treatment plan?

A) medical physicist
B) radiation oncologist
C) dosimetrist
D) radiation therapist

Question 44

Which of the following acts as a radioprotector?

A) amifostine
B) actinomycin D
C) Adriamycin
D) etoposide

Question 45

Which of the following routes of administration is used when treating bladder cancer with chemotherapy?

A) oral
B) intraarterial
C) intracavitary
D) intrathecal

Question 46

High-dose afterloading equipment is used in association with which treatment technique?

A) external beam
B) intraoperative
C) brachytherapy
D) IMRT

Question 47

Which staff member is most responsible for the quality assurance to the treatment equipment?

A) medical physicist
B) radiation oncologist
C) dosimetrist
D) radiation therapist

Question 48

Which of the following are not cell cycle specific?
I)alkylating agents
Ii)antimetabolites
Iii)antibiotics
Iv)hormonal agents
V)nitrosoureas
Vi)vinca alkaloids

A) i and ii
B) i and iii
C) i,iii,and v
D) ii,iv,and vi
E) ii,iii,vi

Question 49

Which of the following is a systemic treatment?

A) surgery
B) radiation therapy
C) chemotherapy
D) all of the above

Question 50

Randomized studies are by definition which phase?

A) phase I
B) phase II
C) phase III
D) phase IV

Question 51

Injecting monoclonal antibodies is an example of which type of treatment?

A) surgery
B) radiation therapy
C) chemotherapy
D) immunotherapy

Question 52

Which of the following factors is not considered when determining a prognosis?

A) tumor stage
B) nodal status
C) gender
D) all are considered

Question 53

Which of the following is a radiosensitizing chemotherapy agent?

A) cyclophosphamide
B) 5-fluorouracil
C) doxorubicin
D) cisplatin