Deck 5: Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control

Question 1

A late loss population typically has high survivorship to a certain age,then high mortality.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

​K-selected species tend to be opportunists.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Epiphytes are parasitic plants that grow on trees.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The venom of a poisonous snake is an example of secondary ecological succession.

Question 5

When populations of two different species interact over a long period of time,changes in the gene pool of populations of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other- a process called commensalism.

Question 6

Bacteria in the digestive systems of animals that help to break down the animals' food,and in return receive a sheltered habitat and food,are examples of mutualism.

Question 7

The human population can maintain an exponential growth rate indefinitely because we are exempt from population crashes.

Question 8

Different limiting factors are important for different kinds of environments.​

Question 9

​Predation is the only form that interspecific competition takes.

Question 10

Resource partitioning reduces the number of species that can share a given resource.​

Question 11

Individuals within a population may also have slightly different tolerance ranges for temperature or other factors because of small differences in their genetic makeup,health,or age.​

Question 12

A population's age structure is usually defined in terms of organisms in the prereproductive stage,reproductive stage,and postreproductive stage.​

Question 13

Scientists hypothesize that some southern sea otters might be dying because coastal area cat owners flush cat litter containing parasites in feces down their toilets or dump it in storm drains that empty into coastal waters.

Question 14

​A population's growth rate will increase after the population reaches its carrying capacity.

Question 15

​Prey species are those that feed directly on all or part of another organism.

Question 16

Southern sea otters were hunted to extinction in the early 1900s.​

Question 17

Some ecosystems,like tropical rain forests,have high inertia but aren't very resilient.​

Question 18

​When two species compete with one another for the same resource,their niches overlap.

Question 19

Most interspecific competition involves one species becoming more efficient than others in obtaining the resources it needs.

Question 20

The process of secondary ecological succession would typically follow a forest fire.

Question 21

​Carrying capacity refers to ____.

A) ​reproductive rate
B) ​the relationship between birth rate and mortality
C) ​the maximum population size that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely
D) ​the proportion of males to females
E) ​the intrinsic rate of increase

Question 22

A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree best illustrates ____.​

A) ​competition
B) ​predation
C) ​commensalism
D) ​parasitism
E) ​mutualism

Question 23

Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called ____.​

A) ​logistic species
B) ​s-curve species
C) ​postreproductive species
D) ​r-selected species
E) ​commensalism species

Question 24

One threat to kelp forests is ____.​

A) ​polluted water running off the land and into coastal waters
B) ​human consumption
C) ​increasing forest fires
D) ​growing populations of sharks
E) ​soil erosion

Question 25

​Some bats prey on certain moths,hunting them using echolocation.Some of those moths have evolved ears sensitive to the sound frequencies bats use to locate them,helping them to avoid being caught.The bats,in turn,have evolved to change the frequency they use.This interaction is an example of ____.

A) ​resource partitioning
B) ​intraspecific competition
C) ​parasitism
D) ​coevolution
E) ​mutualism

Question 26

​Sea otters play a role in maintaining the biodiversity of which ecosystem?

A) ​tidal pools
B) ​coastal kelp forests
C) ​coastal sandy beaches
D) ​open ocean areas
E) estuaries

Question 27

​Tapeworms live inside and may harm their hosts by drawing nourishment from them.This interaction is an example of ____.

A) commensalism
B) ​parasitism
C) ​carrying capacity
D) ​mutualism
E) ​resilience

Question 28

Two bird species that evolve to eat different insect species to reduce competition are demonstrating​ ____.

A) ​resource partitioning
B) ​commensalism
C) ​mutualism
D) ​mimicry
E) ​resilience

Question 29

Competition within a species is called ____.​

A) ​specific competition
B) ​interspecific competition
C) ​intraspecific competition
D) ​commensalism
E) ​partitioning

Question 30

​The normally gradual change in species composition in a given area in response to changing environmental conditions is called ____.

A) ​background coevolution
B) ​intraspecific competition
C) ​inertia
D) ​ecological succession
E) ​commensalism

Question 31

Hawks typically forage for their rodent prey species during the daytime.While owls may eat similar prey species,and live in the same area,they forage during the night.This is best described as an example of ____.​

A) ​interspecific competition
B) mutualism
C) parasitism
D) ​predation
E) ​resource partitioning

Question 32

As a population approaches the carrying capacity of its habitat,the ____-shaped curve of its exponential growth is converted to a(n)____-shaped curve of logistic growth that fluctuates around a certain level.​

A) ​J; S
B) ​S; J
C) ​I; L
D) ​L; V
E) ​I; U

Question 33

Clownfish usually live within sea anemones,whose tentacles sting and paralyze most fish that touch them.The clownfish,which are not harmed by the tentacles,gain protection from predators and feed on the waste matter left from the anemone's meals.The clownfish protect the sea anemones from some of their predators and parasites.The relationship between clownfish and sea anemones is ____.​

A) ​competition
B) ​carrying capacity
C) ​parasitism
D) ​mutualism
E) ​commensalism

Question 34

The obvious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is ____.​

A) competition
B) ​predation
C) ​parasitism
D) ​mutualism
E) ​commensalism

Question 35

You are an evolutionary entomologist.You have observed beetles that can raise their abdomens and give off a defensive chemical that generally repels predators.You discover a new species of beetle that raises its abdomen in a threatening way similar to the first species,but no defensive chemical is given off.You are most likely to characterize this defensive strategy as a form of ____.​

A) camouflage
B) ​chemical warfare
C) mimicry
D) ​flight mechanism
E) ​warning coloration

Question 36

A relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or in a member of another species,which is harmed by the interaction,best illustrates ____.​

A) ​competition
B) ​predation
C) ​mutualism
D) ​parasitism
E) ​commensalism

Question 37

​Which of the following could be considered a density-dependent limiting factor?

A) ​temperature
B) ​precipitation
C) ​dissolved oxygen content of water
D) ​disease
E) ​water depth

Question 38

A relationship in which both species benefit best illustrates ____.​

A) ​competition
B) ​predation
C) ​mutualism
D) ​parasitism
E) ​commensalism

Question 39

​Some species have evolved warning coloration,which ____.

A) ​blinds their prey
B) ​makes them look large and intimidating
C) ​signals that they are about to attack
D) ​advertises that they are bad-tasting,bad-smelling,or stinging
E) ​signals to others in their group that they should flee

Question 40

Some prey species use ____ to scare off predators by puffing up (blowfish),spreading their wings (peacocks),or mimicking a predator.​

A) ​camouflage
B) ​chemical warfare
C) ​parasitism
D) ​commensalism
E) ​behavioral strategies

Question 41

​In a desert environment,the amount of plant growth is controlled by the amount of precipitation.In this case,precipitation is a(n)____.

A) ​K-selection factor
B) ​overshoot
C) ​carrying capacity
D) ​succession
E) ​limiting factor

Question 42

An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter ____.​

A) ​J
B) ​L
C) ​M
D) ​S
E) ​U

Question 43

Which term best describe the ability of a living system to be restored through secondary ecological succession after a severe disturbance?​

A) ​inertia
B) ​persistence
C) ​constancy
D) ​resilience
E) ​diversity

Question 44

​Which of the following demonstrates primary ecological succession?

A) cooled volcanic lava
B) ​an abandoned farm
C) ​a forest that has been clear-cut
D) newly flooded land
E) a forest that has been burned

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of an r-selected species?​

A) ​most tropical rainforest trees
B) ​humans
C) ​whales
D) ​most insects
E) ​elephants

Question 46

​A species of snake has evolved resistance to a poisonous newt,allowing the snakes to prey on the newts.The newts have become more poisonous over time,as a result,leading to a kind of evolutionary arms race.This is an example of ____.

A) commensalism
B) ​mimicry
C) ​coevolution
D) ​ecological succession
E) ​environmental resistance

Question 47

Stinkbugs can release a foul smell when threatened.This is an example of ____.​

A) ​warning coloration
B) ​camouflage
C) ​echolocation
D) ​chemical warfare
E) ​mimicry

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a species with a late loss survivorship curve?​

A) ​squirrel
B) ​elephant
C) ​annual plant
D) ​songbird
E) ​praying mantis

Question 49

K-selected species ____.​

A) ​tend to be shaped by coevolution
B) ​behave in ways that benefit each by providing each other with food,shelter,or some other resource
C) ​have a capacity for a high rate of population increase
D) ​tend to reproduce later in life and have a small number of offspring with fairly long life spans
E) ​gain protection by looking and acting like other,more dangerous species

Question 50

A population crash occurs when ____.​

A) ​a population approaches its carrying capacity
B) ​environmental resistance comes into play gradually
C) ​resources are essentially unlimited
D) ​a population greatly overshoots carrying capacity,and resulting environmental pressures cause effects
E) ​the population growth rate slows

Question 51

The number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume is the ____.​

A) ​limiting factor
B) ​carrying capacity
C) ​population density
D) ​resource partition
E) ​growth maximum

Question 52

In a certain population of rabbits one year,25 new rabbits are born and 5 move into the population from surrounding areas.However,10 rabbits die,and 5 leave the population.What is the population change?​

A) ​no change
B) ​10
C) ​15
D) ​25
E) ​30

Question 53

Inertia can also be referred to as ____.​

A) ​resilience
B) ​persistence
C) ​a lack of ecological succession
D) ​both persistence and resilience
E) ​a faster rate of ecological succession

Question 54

Which of the following would undergo secondary ecological succession?

A) ​cooled volcanic lava
B) an abandoned parking lot
C) a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up
D) a bare rock outcrop
E) ​a newly created shallow pond

Question 55

A glacier retreats,exposing bare rock and allowing communities of organisms to move in.This is an example of ____.​

A) ​secondary ecological succession
B) ​primary ecological succession
C) ​persistence
D) ​J-curve populations
E) ​environmental resistance

Question 56

Populations that overshoot their carrying capacity will suffer ____.​

A) ​environmental resistance
B) ​a population crash
C) ​r-selection
D) ​inertia
E) ​succession

Question 57

A fox catches and eats a mouse.In this interaction,the fox is the ____.​

A) ​parasite
B) ​predator
C) ​prey
D) ​herbivore
E) ​mimic

Question 58

​Hummingbirds consume nectar from flowers,and transfer pollen in the process.This is an example of ____.

A) ​mutualism
B) ​mimicry
C) ​parasitism
D) ​commensalism
E) ​chemical warfare

Question 59

Factors that act to limit the growth of populations are collectively called ____.​

A) ​carrying capacity
B) ​death
C) ​emigration
D) ​environmental resistance
E) ​environmental capacity

Question 60

​Most opportunist species ____.

A) ​are nonnative
B) ​tend to mature slowly after birth
C) ​are especially vulnerable to extinction
D) ​tend to do well in competitive conditions when their population size is near the carrying capacity of their environment
E) ​go through irregular and unstable boom-and-bust cycles in their population sizes

Question 61

Specialized traits or behaviors that allow a reduction of interspecific competition through species specialization in resource use,allow for _________________________.

Question 62

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
Your housecat kills the mice in your yard and around your house.​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 63

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
Clownfish live amongst the stinging tentacles of sea anemone.They keep the sea anemone tentacles clean by eating the debris,and they gain protection from other animals by living in the tentacles.​​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 64

​The southern sea otter is a(n)____ species that helps to sustain kelp forests by controlling populations of sea urchins.

A) ​prey
B) ​indicator
C) ​keystone
D) ​r-selected
E) ​J-curve

Question 65

____________________ is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population.​

Question 66

A habitat's carrying capacity is largely determined by ____.​

A) ​inertia
B) ​the environmental resistance
C) ​age structure
D) ​a population's survivorship curve
E) ​a population's reproductive capacity

Question 67

The most common interaction among species is ____________________,which occurs when members of one or more species interact to use the same limited resources such as food,water,light,and space.​

Question 68

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
​A tiny fish called a wrasse lives in and around the mouth of sharks.It cleans up the debris left after the shark eats flesh,and it gains protection by living in the shark's mouth.​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 69

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
The Owl Butterfly is native to Costa Rica.Its hindwings have patterns in the shape and size of the eyes of a large owl.​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 70

​Newborn young would fall under which category of a population's age structure?

A) ​postreproductive stage
B) ​preroproductive stage
C) ​reproductive stage
D) ​nonreproductive stage
E) ​parareproductive stage

Question 71

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
​Sea lampreys attach themselves to fish such as trout.​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 72

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
A kestrel (small hawk)and red-tailed hawk hunt for rodents in the same grassy meadow.​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 73

​The departure of individuals from a population is called ____.

A) ​immigration
B) ​emigration
C) ​the prereproductive stage
D) ​inertia
E) ​ecological succession

Question 74

Which type of interspecific interaction could best be described as a "win-win" interaction?​

A) ​mutualism
B) ​parasitism
C) ​mimicry
D) ​predation
E) ​infection

Question 75

The cattle egret is a large North American bird that commonly sits on the backs of grazing cattle and eats insects that pester the cattle.This is an example of ____________________.​

Question 76

The relationship between a lion and a zebra is said to be that of a(n)____________________.

Question 77

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
Fleas live in and on household pets.​​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 78

The interaction between a lion and a hyena fighting over a dead zebra on the African Savannah is best described as ____________________.​

Question 79

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
Epiphytes are plants that live on the branches or trunks of trees in the tropics.The epiphyte gains access to water and sunlight,but does not hurt or help the tree.​​

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism
F)mimicry

Question 80

​A common tick is an example of a(n)____________________.