Deck 20: Surface and Sectional Anatomy

Question 1

mastoid process

A) 1
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) all of the above

Answer 1

D
Bony landmarks of the anterior and lateral skull are listed as frontal bone,glabella,nasion,superciliary arch,superior orbital margin,maxilla,zygomatic arch,mastoid process,external occipital protuberance,and angle of the mandible.

Question 2

x-ray

Question 3

If a breast tumor is located in the inner upper or lower quadrant,the lymph node drainage is to the:

A) internal mammary lymph nodes
B) axillary lymph node
C) supraclavicular lymph nodes
D) hilar lymph nodes

Answer 3

A
Internal mammary lymph nodes are more commonly involved in primary breast cancers that are located in the inner breast quadrants.

Question 4

x-ray studies using contrast agents

Question 5

The bony structure that is located directly anterior to the fourth thoracic vertebra is the:

A) suprasternal notch
B) xiphoid process
C) hyoid bone
D) sternal angle

Answer 5

D
The junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum for the sterna angle,also called the angle of Louis,occurs at the level of T4.

Question 6

CT (computed tomography)

Question 7

This body type has a slender physique,long narrow lung fields that are widest in their upper zones,a heart-shaped pendent in form and a pelvis with great capacity.

A) sthenic
B) hyposthenic
C) hypersthenic
D) asthenic

Question 8

nuclear medicine

Question 9

The vertebral level that is associated with the spine of the scapula is the:

A) third thoracic vertebra
B) seventh cervical vertebra
C) seventh thoracic vertebra
D) second lumbar vertebra

Question 10

Which of the following imaging studies could be best described as studies that do not use ionizing radiation (choose the best answer)?

Question 11

ultrasound

Question 12

The thoracic lymph duct begins in the abdomen at the level of:

A) T11
B) L2
C) L5
D) T2

Question 13

This body type has a massive and powerful physique and great body weight with a heavy bony framework and a high alimentary tract.This body type also has a short,wide trunk with a long abdomen of great capacity.

A) sthenic
B) hyposthenic
C) hypersthenic
D) asthenic

Question 14

The hypersthenic body type represents what percentage of the general population?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 15

superior orbital margin

Question 16

For which of the following are the clavicles useful as an anatomic landmark?

A) outlining the SCF field for treatment of the "lower neck" in head and neck tumors
B) treating the upper chest lymphatics
C) estimating the location of the brachial plexus
D) all of the above

Question 17

nasion

Question 18

In females with large breasts,the area around the ___________________ is of great concern in external beam treatment because of the breast tissue acting as a bolus.

A) nipple
B) areola
C) tail of Spence
D) inframammary sulcus

Question 19

external occipital protuberance

Question 20

The asthenic body type represents what percentage of the general population?

A) 5%
B) 10% to 12%
C) 30% to 35%
D) 50%

Question 21

If a breast tumor is located in the outer upper or lower quadrant,the lymph node drainage is to the:

A) internal mammary lymph nodes
B) axillary lymph node
C) supraclavicular lymph nodes
D) hilar lymph nodes

Question 22

This portion of the spinal column is composed of four fused vertebrae and is called the:

A) coccyx
B) sacrum
C) symphysis pubis
D) lumbar vertebrae

Question 23

The bony structure that is located directly anterior to the ninth or tenth thoracic vertebra is the:

A) sternal notch
B) xiphoid process
C) hyoid bone
D) none of the above

Question 24

The bony structure that is located directly anterior to the second thoracic vertebra is the:

A) suprasternal notch
B) xiphoid process
C) hyoid bone
D) none of the above

Question 25

Which of the following anatomical landmarks is located in the head and neck area?

Question 26

The sinuses that are located directly inferior to and form the floor of the orbit are the:

A) maxillary sinus
B) sphenoidal sinus
C) frontal sinus
D) ethmoidal sinus

Question 27

Ultrasound is not useful when imaging the skull,lungs,or intestines because:

A) Ultrasound does not penetrate bone.
B) Ultrasound does not penetrate air-filled spaces.
C) Ultrasound may not undergo reverse photoelectric absorption.
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 28

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A) 1 and 2
B) 3 and 4
C) 5 and 6
D) none of the above

Question 29

The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:

A) frontal
B) ethmoid
C) maxillary
D) sphenoid

Question 30

The right lymphatic duct "drains":

A) the upper left part of the body
B) the lower left part of the body
C) the upper right part of the body
D) the lower extremities and abdomen

Question 31

If a cross section of the thorax is taken at about 10 cm inferior to the suprasternal notch (6 cm inferior to sternal angle),which structure(s)will not be visualized?

A) trachea
B) esophagus
C) scapula
D) a and c

Question 32

The structure that is located immediately superior and medial to the left kidney is the:

A) gallbladder
B) spleen
C) adrenal gland
D) prostrate

Question 33

The movement of lymph through the lymphatic system is caused by:

A) the motion of the adjacent muscles
B) a primitive two-chamber heart located in the posterior portion of the mediastinum
C) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure differences in the body
D) a and c

Question 34

This structure located approximately 2 cm anterior and 2 cm superior to the external auditory meatus.

A) the maxillary sinus
B) the nasion
C) the sella turcica
D) the ethmoidal sinus

Question 35

Which of the following structures or landmarks are associated with the bifurcation of the trachea?

A) the tip of the scapula
B) tip of the xiphoid process
C) the sternal angle
D) a and b

Question 36

This portion of the spinal column is composed of five fused vertebrae and is called the:

A) coccyx
B) sacrum
C) symphysis pubis
D) lumbar vertebrae

Question 37

This structure is located in the anterior portion of the neck.It is located directly inferior to the thyroid cartilage and superior to the suprasternal notch

A) mandible
B) hyoid bone
C) tip of the xiphoid process
D) cricoid cartilage

Question 38

The vertebral level that is associated with the inferior angle of the scapula is the:

A) third thoracic vertebra
B) seventh cervical vertebra
C) seventh thoracic vertebra
D) second lumbar vertebra

Question 39

The curves of the spinal column that are not present at birth (sometimes called the secondary curves)are:
1)cervical
2)thoracic
3)lumbar
4)pelvic

A)
1 and 2
B)
1 and 3
C)
1 and 4
D)
2 and 4

Question 40

Place the following structures is order starting with the most superior structure and finishing with the most inferior structure:
1)the thyroid cartilage
2)the hyoid bone
3)the cricoid cartilage

A)
1,2,3
B)
1,3,2
C)
2,1,3
D)
2,3,1

Question 41

Which of the following structures is located at approximately the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra?

A) umbilicus
B) ischial tuberosity
C) liver
D) hilum of right kidney

Question 42

The thoracic lymph duct begins in the abdominal cavity at the level of:

A) T11
B) L2
C) L5
D) T2

Question 43

The sinuses that are located directly superior to the orbit are the:

A) maxillary sinus
B) sphenoidal sinus
C) frontal sinus
D) ethmoidal sinus

Question 44

The adult vertebral column usually consists of _____ bones:

A) 16
B) 25
C) 33
D) 42

Question 45

The bone directly anterior to the temporal bone on a lateral view of the surface of the skull is the _______ bone.

A) ethmoid
B) lacrimal
C) sphenoid
D) parietal

Question 46

The anatomic relationship of the esophagus to the trachea and vertebral column is:

A) The esophagus is anterior to the trachea and posterior to the vertebral column.
B) The esophagus is posterior to the trachea and anterior to the vertebral column.
C) The esophagus is anterior to the vertebral column and anterior to the trachea.
D) The esophagus is posterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the trachea.

Question 47

This bone is visualized in the anterior portion of the neck on a lateral radiograph.It is located in the region inferior to the mandible and superior to the suprasternal notch at the superior border of C4.

A) hyoid bone
B) thyroid cartilage
C) tip of the xiphoid process
D) cricoid cartilage

Question 48

The sella turcica is a depression of the _____ bone,which holds the pituitary gland:

A) ethmoid
B) temporal
C) sphenoid
D) occipital

Question 49

The spleen is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body.

Question 50

The carina is approximately located at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra.

Question 51

Rotter's node is located in the supraclavicular triangle.

Question 52

The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Question 53

The lymphatics of the left lower lobe of the lung eventually drains to the right paratracheal lymph nodes.

Question 54

The bony surface landmark that is indicated by dimples above and medial to the buttock,about 5 cm from midline,is ___________.

A) coccyx
B) iliac crests
C) coccyx
D) PSIS

Question 55

The spleen is located inferior and posterior to the left kidney.

Question 56

The _________ suture that is in the posterior portion of the skull and lies between the parietal and occipital bones.

A) coronal
B) sagittal
C) squamosal
D) lambdoidal

Question 57

There is no intervening partition between the lower part of abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

Question 58

Which organ begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage and travels through the diaphragm to the cardiac sphincter?

A) trachea
B) bronchus
C) esophagus
D) none of the above

Question 59

The sagittal plane divides the body into symmetrical right and left sides.

Question 60

The lymphatic system is a "one-way" system.

Question 61

Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column with excessive right or left curvature in the thoracic region is called ____________.

A) scoliosis
B) kyphosis
C) lordosis

Question 62

Lymph consists of water,plasma proteins,and all other formed elements of the blood.

Question 63

"Deep" means movement toward the surface.

Question 64

A patient is to be treated with a pelvic field on a linear accelerator.The patient is quite obese and the port films show that the field shifts superiorly and inferiorly on a daily basis.What bony landmark may measurements be taken from to stabilize this treatment portal?

A) umbilicus
B) ASIS
C) pubic symphysis
D) patella

Question 65

Lymphedema may occur due to altered lymphatic pathways.

Question 66

The carpals are distal to the humerus.

Question 67

Ipsilateral means on the opposite side of the body.

Question 68

Which of the following is a disadvantage of MRI over CT?

A) magnetic shielding requirements that are expensive
B) lower numbers of patients who can be imaged per hour
C) increased cost
D) all of the above

Question 69

The resonant sound of the human voice is due to the presence of parasagittal sinuses.

Question 70

Sentinel node biopsies can reduce the risk of lymphedema because more lymph nodes are removed,which enhances the flow of lymph through tissues.

Question 71

The base of the penis may be used as an anatomical landmark on the anterior pelvis.

Question 72

In order to reduce the amount in lymphedema a breast cancer patient might experience,the patient should be instructed to wear compression bandages and to perform therapeutic exercises.

Question 73

The majority of the bones of the skull are held together by suture joints.

Question 74

The dorsal body cavity can be divided into the spinal cavity and the thoracic cavity.

Question 75

The diaphragm divides the anterior cavity into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 76

Sutures are fibrous joints that allow little or no movement between them.

Question 77

The pharyngeal tonsils,or adenoids,are located in the oropharynx.

Question 78

There are three pairs of floating ribs.

Question 79

The lateral iliac crest may be palpated with the patient in both prone and supine positions.

Question 80

The location of any organ in the abdomen and pelvis can vary with respiration,anatomic position,and level of fullness.