Deck 35: Digestive System Tumors

Question 1

The vermiform appendix is most closely associated with which portion of the digestive tract?

A) ileum
B) cecum
C) duodenum
D) rectum

Answer 1

B
The vermiform appendix is a diverticulum of the cecum,as illustrated.

Question 2

What is the dose-limiting structure of most concern for radiation treatments of the esophagus?

A) normal esophagus
B) heart
C) spinal cord
D) trachea

Answer 2

C
Careful dosimetry planning is necessary to avoid overdosing the spinal cord when treating esophageal cancers.AP/PA fields are used initially; as cord tolerance is approached,an off-cord technique is implemented.

Question 3

What is the most common histologic type of cancers that occur in the lower third of the esophagus?

A) adenocarcinoma
B) transitional cell carcinoma
C) squamous cell carcinoma
D) renal cell carcinoma

Answer 3

A
The most common pathologic types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.Squamous cell carcinomas are found most frequently in the upper and middle thoracic esophagus.Adenocarcinoma typically occurs in the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction; however,it can occur in other regions of the esophagus.

Question 4

What condition is an iron-deficient anemia characterized by esophageal webs,atrophic glossitis,and spoon-shaped,brittle fingernails?

A) Barrett esophagus
B) Gardner syndrome
C) Plummer-Vinson syndrome
D) tenesmus

Question 5

The Whipple is a surgical procedure associated with cancer of which organ?

A) pancreas
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) colon

Question 6

What substance is responsible for the brown color of feces?

A) bilirubin
B) E.coli
C) pepsin
D) undigested food

Question 7

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)is associated with cancer of which anatomic region?

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) liver
D) colon

Question 8

At what age should a person of average risk have his or her first screening colonoscopy?

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 9

What is the dose-limiting structure of most concern for radiation treatments of colorectal cancers?

A) spinal cord
B) bladder
C) normal colon
D) small bowel

Question 10

What condition is most closely associated to gastroesophageal reflux?

A) Barrett esophagus
B) Gardner syndrome
C) Plummer-Vinson syndrome
D) tenesmus

Question 11

Which of the following cancers is most common in the United States?

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) liver
D) colorectal

Question 12

What is the treatment of choice for most anal cancers?
I)surgery
II)chemotherapy
III)radiation therapy

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I,II,and III

Question 13

What condition is most closely associated to adenomatous polyposis?

A) Barrett esophagus
B) Gardner syndrome
C) Plummer-Vinson syndrome
D) tenesmus

Question 14

Which of the following cancer sites can be treated with endocavitary radiation therapy?

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) rectum
D) liver

Question 15

What are the growths that arise from the mucosal lining and protrude into the lumen of the bowel?

A) adenomatous polyps
B) achalasia
C) hematochezia
D) tenesmus

Question 16

Which of the following cancers has the highest incidence of cancer-related deaths in the United States?

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) colorectal
D) anal

Question 17

Which of the following methods may reduce the dose to the small bowel during radiation therapy?
I)supine positioning
II)prone positioning
III)full bladder
IV)empty bladder

A) I and III
B) I and IV
C) II and III
D) II and IV

Question 18

Which of the following is not a risk factor for anal cancer?

A) diet
B) human papillomavirus
C) anal intercourse
D) immunosuppression

Question 19

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal syndrome (HNPCC)are most closely associated with which type of cancer?

A) esophageal
B) pancreatic
C) colorectal
D) anal

Question 20

A three-field technique using hinge angles of 120 degrees can be used in the treatment of which cancer?

A) esophageal
B) gastric
C) rectal
D) hepatic

Question 21

The treatment volume for colon cancers typically includes pelvic lymph nodes.

Question 22

Most esophageal cancers are discovered in early stages.

Question 23

Radiation treatment portals of the lower third of the esophagus typically include the supraclavicular lymph nodes.

Question 24

Pancreatic cancer is highly curable with combined therapies.

Question 25

Men are more at risk of developing anal cancer than women.