Deck 6: Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Question 1

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 0°C.The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of

A)0°C.
B)2°C.
C)100°C.
D)273°C.
E)none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with molecular

A)kinetic energy.
B)potential energy.
C)masses.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When a gas such as helium becomes twice as hot it has

A)twice the thermal energy.
B)twice the absolute temperature.
C)both of these
D)none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

At absolute zero,a substance has

A)absolutely no molecular motion.
B)no more energy to give up.
C)no volume.
D)all of the above

Question 5

A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the

A)Fahrenheit scale.
B)Kelvin scale.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 6

Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of

A)0 K.
B)-273° C.
C)both of these
D)none of the above

Question 7

The temperature of boiling water is

A)100°C.
B)212°F.
C)both of these

Question 8

When the temperature of a fixed volume of air initially at 0° C is lowered by 1 degree,its pressure

A)decreases by 1/273.
B)decreases by 100/273.
C)increases by 1/273.
D)increases by 100/273.

Question 9

Which temperature scale has the smallest sized degrees?

A)Fahrenheit
B)Celsius
C)Kelvin
D)none of the above

Question 10

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about

A)100 K.
B)200 K.
C)300 K.
D)400 K.
E)more than 400 K.

Question 11

The lowest possible temperature is

A)0°C.
B)-273°C.
C)4 K.

Question 12

On which temperature scale is 212 degrees the boiling point of water?

A)Celsius
B)Caloric
C)Kelvin
D)Fahrenheit
E)none of the above

Question 13

Which of these is the smallest?

A)1 Celsius degree
B)1 kelvin
C)1 Fahrenheit degree
D)all are the same

Question 14

On which temperature scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water?

A)Celsius
B)Caloric
C)Kelvin
D)Fahrenheit
E)none of the above

Question 15

The temperature at the center of the Sun is about 10⁷ degrees.Does it matter whether this is stated as Celsius degrees or kelvins?

A)yes,the kelvin rating will be appreciably higher
B)yes,the kelvin rating will be appreciably lower
C)no,they are practically the same

Question 16

The temperature of melting ice is

A)0°C.
B)32°F.
C)both of these

Question 17

The motion of atoms and molecules that most affects temperature is

A)translational.
B)rotational.
C)vibrational.
D)none of the above

Question 18

The motion of particles that contribute to thermal energy are

A)translational.
B)rotational.
C)vibrational.
D)all of the above

Question 19

When the temperature of a quantity of 0°-C air at constant pressure is lowered by 1 degree,its volume

A)shrinks by 1/273.
B)shrinks by 100/273.
C)increases by 1/273.
D)increases by 100/273.

Question 20

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates

A)thermal equilibrium.
B)energy conservation.
C)the difference between heat and thermal energy.
D)that molecules are constantly moving.

Question 21

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water,the temperature change in the 1-liter container will be

A)less.
B)the same.
C)greater.

Question 22

Heat is

A)temperature.
B)thermal energy.
C)thermal energy flowing from hot to cold.
D)radiant energy.

Question 23

Heat is simply another word for

A)temperature.
B)thermal energy.
C)both of these
D)none of the above

Question 24

When you touch a hot penny in the sunlight with your finger,energy flows

A)from your finger to the penny.
B)from the penny to your finger.
C)both ways.

Question 25

A nutritionist in the United States measures food energy in units of

A)kilocalories.
B)Calories.
C)both are the same
D)neither of the above

Question 26

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 10°C.The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of

A)20°C.
B)12°C.
C)283°C.
D)293°C.
E)none of the above

Question 27

When you touch a piece of ice with your finger,energy flows

A)from your finger to the ice.
B)from the ice to your finger.
C)both of these
D)none of the above

Question 28

Thermal energy will flow in a direction from cold to hot

A)only with external effort.
B)near absolute zero.
C)never.
D)always.

Question 29

Heat is thermal energy that flows due to

A)molecular speed.
B)calorie imbalance.
C)temperature differences.

Question 30

Heat energy is measured in units of

A)degrees.
B)joules.
C)calories.
D)both joules and calories.

Question 31

White-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin don't cause injury because

A)they have a low temperature.
B)the energy per molecule is very low.
C)the energy per molecule is high,but the total energy transferred is small.

Question 32

The number of joules in 1 kilocalorie is

A)4.19.
B)41.9.
C)4190.
D)1054.

Question 33

Heat is thermal energy that matter

A)contains.
B)transfers.
C)both of these
D)none of the above

Question 34

Compared to a giant iceberg,a hot cup of coffee has

A)more thermal energy at higher temperature.
B)less thermal energy at higher temperature.
C)about the same thermal energy but at a higher temperature.
D)none of the above

Question 35

San Francisco Chef Manual rates the energy content of foods in units of

A)calories.
B)Calories.
C)joules.
D)Celsius degrees.

Question 36

Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1°C requires

A)1 calorie.
B)50 calories.
C)more than 50 calories.
D)none of the above

Question 37

Increasing the temperature of 1 gram of ice-cold water to the temperature of boiling water requires

A)80 calories.
B)100 calories.
C)540 calories.
D)none of the above

Question 38

If a room is cold it is usually due to the

A)lack of adequate thermal energy.
B)low air pressure.
C)presence of the entity known as cold.

Question 39

Thermal energy is measured in

A)calories.
B)Calories.
C)joules.
D)any or all of the above for special cases

Question 40

Heat is thermal energy that flows from

A)hot to cold.
B)high energy to low energy.
C)high thermal pressure to low thermal pressure.
D)all of the above

Question 41

When work is done by a system and heat is subtracted,the temperature of the system

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 42

The temperature of water rises when 2.00 calories are added.It will rise the same when

A)4.19 J are added.
B)8.38 J are added.
C)83.4 J are added.

Question 43

When you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an egg beater,their temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 44

Which law of thermodynamics states that no system can reach absolute zero?

A)First law
B)Second law
C)Third law
D)all of the above

Question 45

The final temperature of 1 liter of 40°C water poured into 1 liter of 20°C water is

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 46

The direction of natural processes is from states of

A)higher order to lower order.
B)lower order to higher order.
C)disorganization to organization.
D)imbalance to equilibrium.

Question 47

When work is done on a system while additional heat is subtracted,the temperature of the system

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.
D)need more information

Question 48

When Paul compresses air with a tire pump,the temperature of the compressed air

A)drops.
B)remains unchanged.
C)increases as work is done on it.
D)none of the above

Question 49

As your room gets messier day by day,entropy is

A)increasing.
B)decreasing.
C)hanging steady.
D)none of the above

Question 50

Leaving a hot oven door open in a closed room on a cool day

A)decreases room temperature.
B)increases room temperature.
C)doesn't affect room temperature.

Question 51

When work is done by a system and no heat is added,the temperature of the system

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 52

As a system becomes more disordered,entropy

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 53

More disorder means

A)greater entropy.
B)no particular change in entropy.
C)less entropy.

Question 54

Because a refrigerator operates by a motor,leaving the refrigerator door open for hours in a closed room

A)increases room temperature.
B)decreases room temperature.
C)doesn't affect room temperature.

Question 55

As entropy in a system increases,energy within the system

A)becomes more ordered.
B)becomes less ordered.
C)reaches equilibrium.
D)moves toward destruction.

Question 56

When you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove,air in the can undergoes an increase in

A)thermal energy.
B)temperature.
C)pressure.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 57

Which law of thermodynamics addresses the direction of heat flow?

A)First law
B)Second law
C)Third law
D)all of the above

Question 58

Entropy is most closely related to the

A)first law of thermodynamics.
B)second law of thermodynamics.
C)both of these
D)none of the above

Question 59

Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems?

A)First law
B)Second law
C)Third law
D)all of the above

Question 60

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2-liter and a 4-liter container of water,the temperature change in the 4-liter container will be

A)less.
B)the same.
C)greater.

Question 61

Which contracts more when the temperature is decreased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)water.
D)helium.
E)all contract the same

Question 62

Which has the greater specific heat capacity; the filling of a hot piece of pie or the crust?

A)the filling
B)the crust
C)depends on the temperature

Question 63

The fact that desert sand becomes very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a

A)low specific heat capacity.
B)high specific heat capacity.
C)none of the above

Question 64

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower,ponds in the cold winter would be

A)more likely to freeze.
B)less likely to freeze.
C)neither more nor less likely to freeze.

Question 65

A kg of 40°C water and a kg of 20°C water,after being mixed,have a temperature of 30°C.However,the final temperature of a 1-kg iron block at 40°C placed into 1 kg of water at 20°C is

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 66

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with water's

A)poor conductivity.
B)vast supply of thermal energy.
C)high specific heat capacity.
D)high evaporation rate.
E)absorption of solar energy.

Question 67

Which will cool faster when removed from a furnace?

A)iron
B)silver
C)the same

Question 68

To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water

A)requires a lot of energy for an increase in temperature.
B)releases a lot of energy in cooling.
C)absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature.
D)all of the above

Question 69

Materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the form of vibrations and rotations have

A)low specific heat capacities.
B)high specific heat capacities.
C)none of the above

Question 70

Which expands more when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)ice water.
D)helium.
E)all expand the same

Question 71

The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper.Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be

A)copper.
B)aluminum.
C)both the same

Question 72

Which will stay cooler for a longer time in a picnic cooler on a hot summer day?

A)sandwiches
B)salami
C)Jello

Question 73

Which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied?

A)water
B)iron
C)glass
D)wood

Question 74

When most substances are heated,molecules inside move faster and occupy more space,which results in thermal

A)bending.
B)expansion.
C)contraction.
D)heat.

Question 75

The operation of a bimetallic strip relies on differences in

A)expansions of metals.
B)conductivities of metals.
C)heat capacities of metals.

Question 76

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

A)high specific heat capacity.
B)low specific heat capacity.
C)high or low specific heat capacity.

Question 77

San Francisco has milder winters than Washington D.C.due to water's high

A)conductivity.
B)specific heat capacity.
C)temperature in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 78

After an apple pie is taken from an oven,the pie filling is hotter than the crust due to

A)water in the filling that better retains thermal energy.
B)uneven temperatures.
C)high conductivity of apples.

Question 79

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation,which indicates that the specific heat capacity of sand is

A)less than for plants.
B)more than for plants.
C)likely the same as for plants.
D)not enough information

Question 80

Which contracts more when the temperature is slightly increased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)ice water.
D)helium.
E)none of the above contract when heated