Deck 4: Country Selection and Entry Strategies

Question 1

When a company designs products and services that meet the needs of a current culture,it uses:

A) Cultural inference
B) Cultural change
C) Cultural maintenance
D) Cultural promotion
E) Cultural congruence

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which consumers are less likely to focus on price and instead buy products that meet global quality standards?

A) Global
B) Glocal
C) Local
D) Globe
E) Concentric

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Strongly held concepts that are present in a cultural group are:

A) Values
B) Norms
C) Folkways and mores
D) Roles and schemas
E) Paradigm

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Cultures with people who have lower life expectancies are more inclined to exhibit:

A) Short-term orientation
B) Masculinity-femininity
C) Materialism
D) Frugality
E) Assertiveness

Question 5

People with wants and needs,money to spend,and the willingness to spend money on those wants and needs constitute a:

A) Group of consumers
B) Territory
C) Market
D) Region
E) Set of shoppers

Question 6

The enacted parts and scripts that members of a society play and follow in everyday interactions are:

A) Values
B) Norms
C) Folkways and mores
D) Roles and schemas
E) None of the above

Question 7

According to the Project GLOBE initiative,the degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair,altruistic,and caring is:

A) Individualism orientation
B) Collectivist orientation
C) Fairness orientation
D) Societal orientation
E) Humane orientation

Question 8

Typical cultural values include all of the following except:

A) Freedom
B) Justice
C) Social responsibility
D) Price perceptions
E) Loyalty to family

Question 9

International consumer market segments may be based on:

A) Age
B) Income
C) Education
D) Ethnicity
E) All of the above

Question 10

Cultures that lean toward formal,authoritarian leadership models are:

A) Masculine
B) High power distance
C) Low power distance
D) Individualistic
E) Collectivist

Question 11

The term culture does not apply to a(n):

A) Nation
B) Region
C) City
D) Company
E) Economy

Question 12

It is considered offensive in Japan to make prolonged eye contact,which is a:

A) Cultural impediment
B) Cultural elective
C) Cultural imperative
D) Cultural exclusive
E) Cultural icon

Question 13

Social rules that affect behaviors and actions are:

A) Values
B) Norms
C) Folkways and mores
D) Roles and schemas
E) None of the above

Question 14

Which is creating perceptions in the minds of consumers about the nature of a company,its brands,and its products and services?

A) Segmentation
B) Targeting
C) Positioning
D) Promotion
E) Perceptual influence

Question 15

Beef is avoided under which dietary law:

A) Christian
B) Jewish
C) Hindu
D) Kashrut
E) Seventh-Day Adventist

Question 16

Greeting a stranger with a kiss is presented in the text as an example of a:

A) Cultural impediment
B) Cultural elective
C) Cultural imperative
D) Cultural exclusive
E) Cultural event

Question 17

U.K.citizens may enter the Parliament building year-round,while foreigners may visit only on Saturdays,which is an example of a:

A) Cultural impediment
B) Cultural elective
C) Cultural imperative
D) Cultural exclusive
E) Cultural regulation

Question 18

Which are French-speaking individuals who may be found in Africa,the Caribbean,and Canada:

A) Francophones
B) Francophiles
C) Francos
D) Francolures
E) Francotiles

Question 19

Cultural customs that dictate how people act socially are:

A) Values
B) Norms
C) Folkways and mores
D) Roles and schemas
E) None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is not a cultural characteristic that affects international marketing?

A) Language
B) Customs and rituals
C) Religion
D) Social institutions and practices
E) Economic conditions

Question 21

Ronen and Shenkar Clusters include all of the following except:

A) Near Europe
B) Nordic
C) Germanic
D) Far Eastern
E) African

Question 22

The higher this coefficient,the higher the income inequality in a country?

A) Gini
B) Alpha
C) Chi
D) Phi
E) Theta

Question 23

Which type of consumer generally exhibits a tendency to avoid purchasing foreign-produced products?

A) Risk averse
B) Ethnocentric
C) Egocentric
D) Nationalist
E) Patriotic

Question 24

The strongly held belief that one's culture is superior to others is:

A) Selfishness
B) Egocentrism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Nationalism
E) Patriotism

Question 25

Which is the estimated demand for a company's brand?

A) Market demand
B) Market potential
C) Industry demand
D) Market penetration
E) None of the above

Question 26

Firms that sell virtually the same goods or services to both consumers and businesses engage in:

A) Dual branding marketing
B) Dual channel marketing
C) Dual distribution marketing
D) Dual promotion marketing
E) Dual product marketing

Question 27

Concepts regarding beauty are:

A) Aesthetics
B) Cultural values
C) Mores
D) Folkways
E) Traditions

Question 28

Which is the opposite of cosmopolitanism?

A) Selfishness
B) Egocentrism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Nationalism
E) Patriotism

Question 29

Which represents the total number of individuals or businesses that could purchase a product in a given area?

A) Market demand
B) Market potential
C) Brand demand
D) Company demand
E) Industry demand

Question 30

In many bottom-of-the-pyramid nations,which has become a driving force in purchases?

A) Trade restrictions
B) Sustainability
C) Price inelasticity
D) International boycotts
E) Materialism

Question 31

Groups whose values set their members in opposition to the dominant culture are:

A) Subgroups
B) Countercultures
C) Subcultures
D) Anti-establishment
E) Renegades

Question 32

Which,when combined with the degree of income distribution as dictated by the economic system,dramatically affects the presence or absence of potential target markets?

A) Tariffs
B) Embargoes
C) Per capita income
D) Disposable income
E) Materialism

Question 33

Groups whose values and related behaviors are distinct and set members off from the general or dominant culture are:

A) Subgroups
B) Collectives
C) Subcultures
D) Anti-establishment
E) Renegades

Question 34

Dual channel marketing often results from:

A) Governmental regulations
B) Economic development
C) Trade embargoes
D) Tariff restrictions
E) Trade negotiations

Question 35

Which Gini coefficient would represent perfect income equality?

A) 0
B) 1
C) Less than 1
D) Greater than 1
E) None of the above

Question 36

GLOBE Societal Clusters include all of the following except:

A) Nordic Europe
B) Eastern Europe
C) Central Africa
D) Sub-Saharan Africa
E) Latin America

Question 37

Which is also be called market share?

A) Market demand
B) Market potential
C) Brand demand
D) Company demand
E) Industry demand

Question 38

Which coefficient measures the income inequality within a country?

A) Gini
B) Alpha
C) Chi
D) Phi
E) Theta

Question 39

Which consists of the total sales of all brands sold in an area?

A) Market demand
B) Market potential
C) Brand demand
D) Company demand
E) Industry demand

Question 40

The penetration rate for a product that sells 400,000 units,when the market potential is 20,000,000 units would be:

A) )5%
B) 1%
C) 2%
D) 5%
E) 8%

Question 41

Cultural factors are considered last when segmenting international markets.

Question 42

Examination of values constitutes a common background for cultural research.

Question 43

Combining an analysis of topography with population characteristics represents which approach?

A) Demographics
B) Geodemographics
C) Psychographics
D) Benefit segmentation
E) Usage segmentation

Question 44

Brand switching is also called:

A) Changeover
B) Turnover
C) Churn
D) Quits
E) Passage

Question 45

Shalom Schwartz's work reveals that values may be found in three types of human requirements.

Question 46

Climate has an impact on culture.

Question 47

Stimulation is an individual-level cultural value.

Question 48

Identifying segments by health,automotive,financial,or clothing at the business-to-business level is segmentation by:

A) Industry
B) Size
C) Economy
D) Benefit
E) Usage

Question 49

When Pizza Hut adapted its menu to meet the needs of Chinese consumers,it was seeking:

A) Cultural divergence
B) Cultural consistency
C) Cultural avoidance
D) Cultural congruence
E) Cultural identification

Question 50

In the STP model,the P stands for:

A) Participation
B) Patronage
C) Plurality
D) Popularity
E) Positioning

Question 51

Which is not a demographic market segment characteristic?

A) Age
B) Gender
C) Psychographics
D) Ethnicity
E) Income

Question 52

Characterizing business-to-business segment by low-,medium-,and high-purchase groups is segmentation by:

A) Dual channel marketing
B) Customer value
C) Benefit
D) Industry
E) Marketplace

Question 53

Hofstede's value dimensions of culture were developed in response to criticisms of Project GLOBE.

Question 54

Topography influences both lifestyles and culture.

Question 55

Topography is related to population density.

Question 56

When individuals who buy a particular brand at work have positive experiences and,as a result,purchase the same brand for personal use,it is a:

A) Transitional sale
B) Duplicate sale
C) Form of churn
D) Spin-off sale
E) Replicate market

Question 57

A market consists of people with wants and needs,money to spend,and the willingness to spend money on those wants and needs.

Question 58

Profiles of activities,interests,and opinions are:

A) Demographics
B) Ethnographics
C) Psychographics
D) Benefit segmentation profiles
E) Usage segmentation profiles

Question 59

Frequent travelers,occasional travelers,and rare travelers are examples of which type of segmentation?

A) Demographics
B) Geodemographics
C) Psychographics
D) Benefit segmentation
E) Usage segmentation

Question 60

Geographical factors do not influence the origins of culture.

Question 61

Positioning is creating perceptions in the minds of consumers about the nature of a company,its brands,and its products and services.

Question 62

A subculture is a group whose values and related behaviors are distinct from the general or dominant culture.

Question 63

Glocal consumers buy global products routinely and have a strong preference for global brands.

Question 64

Cultural imperatives are business customs that must be met if international business relationships are to be successful.

Question 65

The STP approach includes segmentation,targeting,and positioning.

Question 66

A counterculture is a group whose values set its members in opposition to the dominant culture.

Question 67

For a market segment to be viable for an international marketing campaign,consumers in the segment should have a diverse set of needs.

Question 68

Consumers who view themselves as being a part of a large,global community rather than as merely maintaining an allegiance to the local culture are known as cosmopolitans.

Question 69

Cultural electives relate to areas of behaviors or to customs that cultural aliens may wish to,but are not required to,conform to or participate.

Question 70

Psychographics are influenced heavily by religious training,customs,and language.

Question 71

Demographic segmentation is influenced largely by geographic differences that exist in a country.

Question 72

When a company chooses benefit segmentation,the benefits that are promoted may vary greatly according to the targeted country.

Question 73

Spin-off sales occur when a business buys one product from an international marketer and then decides to buy another from the same supplier.

Question 74

One of the primary challenges facing green marketers has been the inability to entice consumers to spend more money on environmentally safe products.

Question 75

GLOBE Societal Clusters include Nordic Europe,Eastern Europe,and Germanic Europe.

Question 76

Usage segmentation is based on how frequently groups use or purchase products or services.

Question 77

A cultural exclusive is a custom or behavior pattern that is reserved exclusively for locals.

Question 78

Local consumers rarely buy or consume foreign products.

Question 79

The primary goals of business segmentation are to provide better customer service and to group similar organizations into clusters to enhance international marketing efforts.

Question 80

Methods of segmenting business markets include by industry,size,geographic location,product usage,and customer value.