Deck 20: The Progressives

Question 1

In 1904,Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study of

A)the Carnegie Steel Company.
B)child industrial labor.
C)urban "boss rule."
D)the Standard Oil trust.
E)Congress.

Answer 1

the Standard Oil trust.

Question 2

Regarding organizing the professions during the progressive era,

A)most professions attempted to expand the ranks of Americans in their fields.
B)by 1916 all states had established professional bar associations.
C)the medical field remained largely unorganized.
D)there was little organized activity in rural America.
E)state and local governments generally impeded attempts to professionalize.

Answer 2

by 1916 all states had established professional bar associations.

Question 3

The term "Boston marriage" refers to

A)two women who lived together.
B)an unmarried man and woman who lived together.
C)the marriage of a woman who had become pregnant.
D)a married man with a mistress.
E)a marriage lasting less than two years.

Answer 3

two women who lived together.

Question 4

At the turn of the twentieth century,Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform

A)the "yellow press."
B)urban politics.
C)the railroad corporations.
D)the meatpacking industry.
E)the federal bureaucracy.

Question 5

Regarding women and the professions during the progressive era,

A)almost no women were able to have professional careers.
B)the majority of professional women were nurses.
C)social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women.
D)educated black women were barred from all professional opportunities.
E)women were forced out of nursing as the occupation gained distinction.

Question 6

The term "muckrakers" referred to

A)western progressives.
B)Social Darwinists.
C)socialists.
D)critics of imperialism.
E)journalists.

Question 7

During the progressive era,significant voting rights for women were first won in

A)the mid-Atlantic states.
B)the South.
C)New England.
D)the Midwest.
E)the Far West.

Question 8

During the progressive era,the women's club movement

A)had a national organization to coordinate club activities.
B)consistently avoided controversial social reforms.
C)became increasingly concerned with cultural activities.
D)both had a national organization to coordinate club activities,and became increasingly concerned with cultural activities.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 9

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,the "Social Gospel" was

A)a reform movement guided by the American Catholic Church.
B)first described by Andrew Carnegie.
C)an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform.
D)intended to offer spiritual,not material,assistance to the poor.
E)a belief that God had chosen the rich to be rich and the poor to be poor.

Question 10

At the turn of the twentieth century,leaders in the settlement house movement tended to be

A)first-generation immigrants.
B)from the lower class.
C)female.
D)Catholic.
E)uneducated.

Question 11

In regards to divorce in the United States during the progressive era,by 1916

A)the majority of divorces were initiated by men.
B)more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.
C)the rate of divorce rate declined.
D)nearly all states did not allow divorce.
E)women began gaining the right to divorce in many states.

Question 12

At the turn of the twentieth century,the leaders of the settlement house movement

A)eventually saw their ideas and institutions take hold in England.
B)generally expressed moral disapproval of the behavior of immigrants.
C)thought assimilation robbed immigrants of the best parts of their culture.
D)were generally first-generation immigrants who helped second-generation immigrants.
E)directed their attention at improving urban living conditions.

Question 13

During the progressive era,supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters

A)would end future political scandals.
B)would ensure fair elections.
C)deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women.
D)were unlikely ever to vote for a woman running for national office.
E)would help to defeat the growing movement for temperance.

Question 14

During the progressive era,the "new woman" was a product of

A)a lower birth rate.
B)the movement to work outside the home.
C)increased schooling for children.
D)higher levels of education.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 15

The most distinctive quality of women in professions during the progressive era was that

A)women did not dominate any single profession.
B)women could not attain advanced degrees from American universities.
C)women did not generally create their own professional organizations.
D)"women's professions," unlike other professions,did not attempt to exclude anyone.
E)women were concentrated in professions that society considered "suitable."

Question 16

While progressivism has many meanings,it tended to be based on the central assumption that

A)American society was capable of improvement.
B)Social Darwinism could create social order and stability.
C)urbanization was harmful to the United States.
D)the laissez-faire philosophy should be embraced in American politics.
E)individual rights should be expanded as widely as possible.

Question 17

Thorstein Veblen argued that

A)only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy.
B)modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems.
C)true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed.
D)the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform.
E)the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.

Question 18

In 1901,one of the first professions to organize on a national level was in the field of

A)medicine.
B)business.
C)education.
D)agriculture.
E)law.

Question 19

The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of

A)charitable foundations.
B)community service.
C)psychological therapy.
D)social work.
E)comparative sociology.

Question 20

At the turn of the twentieth century,progressive activists

A)believed that organizations stunted individual growth and stifled creativity.
B)asserted that it was the right of individuals to act as they chose.
C)held a strong commitment to improving racial justice.
D)believed in the transformational power of enlightened public opinion.
E)believed that people's character was hardwired at birth.

Question 21

The temperance crusade

A)first began to take shape during the progressive era.
B)was supported by most business employers.
C)sought to curb prostitution.
D)found its greatest support among immigrants.
E)was wholeheartedly supported by urban political machines.

Question 22

The Women's Christian Temperance Union

A)was,at one time,the largest women's organization in American history.
B)called for an end to saloons,not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages.
C)was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League.
D)was headed by a male president.
E)was founded during the progressive era.

Question 23

Between 1914 and 1919,the temperance movement

A)gained momentum as a result of World War I.
B)was opposed by most conservative Christians.
C)saw the Women's Christian Temperance Union peak at 125,000 members.
D)resulted in the unanimous passage by states of the Eighteenth Amendment.
E)gained the support of most Catholic immigrants.

Question 24

During the progressive era,reformers of city government frequently tried to

A)require city council members to run by district rather than at-large.
B)hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers.
C)make all city government positions appointive.
D)strengthen the power of city councils at the expense of mayors.
E)move city elections to presidential years in order to increase turnout.

Question 25

In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment,

A)a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women.
B)many states gave full voting rights to women.
C)New York,Michigan,Illinois,and California all granted women the right to vote.
D)a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women,including New York,Michigan,Illinois,and California.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 26

During the progressive era,the Socialist Party of America

A)grew weaker.
B)grew stronger.
C)renamed itself the Progressive Party.
D)virtually disappeared.
E)continued as it had in the past.

Question 27

During the progressive era,important vehicles for social reform included

A)the American Federation of Labor.
B)New York's Tammany Hall.
C)the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
D)both New York's Tammany Hall and the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 28

As governor of Wisconsin,the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped win approval for

A)campaign finance reform.
B)mandatory health insurance.
C)a repeal of the income tax.
D)employee profit sharing in large corporations.
E)the direct primary,initiative,and referendum.

Question 29

In the early twentieth century,the theory of eugenics

A)contended that inequalities between humans were rooted in education.
B)aimed to subvert and oppose the rising tide of nativism.
C)were exposed by a federal commission as a fraudulent science.
D)asserted that the root of many urban problems was overcrowded cities.
E)supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.

Question 30

Alice Paul and the National Women's Party

A)believed the Nineteenth Amendment would be sufficient to protect women's rights.
B)argued that some discrimination on the basis of sex,such as protective legislation,was worthy.
C)enjoyed the support of all the most important leaders of the suffrage crusade.
D)both argued that some discrimination on the basis of sex,such as protective legislation,was worthy; and enjoyed the support of all the most important leaders of the suffrage crusade.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 31

For western states during the progressive era,the major target for political reformers was

A)the federal government.
B)state governments.
C)municipal governments.
D)the judicial system.
E)Chinese tongs.

Question 32

During the progressive era,one of the first targets for political reformers was

A)Congress.
B)state governments.
C)municipal governments.
D)the judicial system.
E)the federal bureaucracy.

Question 33

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot,voter ballots were printed and distributed by

A)the political parties.
B)the federal government.
C)private contractors.
D)state governments.
E)philanthropic organizations.

Question 34

In the 1912 presidential election,the Socialist Party candidate

A)received nearly one million votes.
B)attracted considerable support from urban immigrants.
C)attracted considerable support from southern and midwestern Protestant farmers.
D)attracted considerable support from both urban immigrants and southern and midwestern Protestant farmers.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 35

The recall and direct primary were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken

A)the federal government.
B)political parties.
C)state governors.
D)state legislatures.
E)the courts.

Question 36

The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken the power of

A)the federal government.
B)political parties.
C)state governors.
D)state legislatures.
E)the courts.

Question 37

During the progressive era,the power of the political parties

A)declined,while voter turnout increased.
B)declined,as did voter turnout.
C)increased,as did voter turnout.
D)increased,while voter turnout declined.
E)stayed basically the same,as did voter turnout.

Question 38

In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City,

A)New York state banned factories from employing women under the age of sixteen.
B)factories taller than ten stories could only use the upper floors as storage of materials.
C)few true reforms of industry were made.
D)strict regulations were imposed on factory owners.
E)Tammany Democrats attempted to thwart the New York state commission examining the fire.

Question 39

Regarding the immigrant population in the United States,progressive reformers

A)supported limiting the number of new arrivals.
B)favored quickly assimilating new arrivals into American society.
C)argued that the growing immigration population had created social problems.
D)both supported limiting the number of new arrivals,and argued that the growing immigration population had created social problems.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 40

During the progressive era,political "interest groups"

A)rose to replace the declining power centers of the parties.
B)were attacked by progressive reformers.
C)gradually became less powerful as time went on.
D)were attacked by progressive reformers and gradually became less powerful as time went on.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 41

As an environmental conservationist,President Theodore Roosevelt

A)opposed hunting on all federal lands.
B)added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.
C)opposed new dam construction on major rivers.
D)opposed the growing preservationist movement as impractical.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 42

In the election of 1908,William Howard Taft

A)was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him.
B)narrowly defeated his opponent,William Jennings Bryan.
C)was opposed by progressives and conservatives.
D)had a public image very much like that of Theodore Roosevelt.
E)decisively defeated his Republican opponent in the general election.

Question 43

The Sierra Club was founded by

A)Gifford Pinchot.
B)Theodore Roosevelt.
C)John Muir.
D)Richard Ballinger.
E)Louis Glavis.

Question 44

When Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency in 1901,

A)he was relatively unknown within the Republican Party.
B)Republican leaders were confident they could control him.
C)he became a champion of immediate,radical change.
D)he both was relatively unknown within the presidency in 1901 and became a champion of immediate,radical change.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 45

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909

A)fulfilled a campaign promise President William H.Taft had made to Theodore Roosevelt.
B)sharply lowered tariffs.
C)resulted in President William H.Taft losing favor with progressives.
D)resulted in a sudden decline in the national economy.
E)was passed only after Taft pressured the congressional Old Guard to support the bill.

Question 46

Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president in 1908 because

A)the Constitution prevented him from doing so.
B)he had lost much of his public popularity.
C)in 1904 he had promised not to run again.
D)he was denied the nomination of his party.
E)he felt he had accomplished everything he wanted to do as president.

Question 47

All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT

A)the Meat Inspection Act.
B)the Pure Food and Drug Act.
C)the Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act.
D)the National Reclamation Act.
E)the Interstate Commerce Act.

Question 48

In 1909,a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw

A)President William H.Taft fire Ballinger due to a conflict of interest.
B)President William H.Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination.
C)conservative Republicans turn against President Taft.
D)progressives come to oppose Pinchot.
E)former supporters of Roosevelt rally behind Taft.

Question 49

The first director of the National Forest Service was

A)Gifford Pinchot.
B)William Howard Taft.
C)John Muir.
D)Richard Ballinger.
E)Louis Glavis.

Question 50

During the early twentieth century,the Industrial Workers of the World

A)advocated a single union for all workers.
B)was dominated by anarchists.
C)emphasized education for the working class.
D)rejected the economic principles of both capitalism and Marxism.
E)was a more violent organization than the public recognized at the time.

Question 51

When he assumed the presidency in 1901,Theodore Roosevelt

A)had no previous political experience.
B)was the youngest American ever to hold that office.
C)had little faith in the power of public opinion.
D)both was the youngest American ever to hold that office and had no previous political experience.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 52

When it came to environmental issues,Theodore Roosevelt

A)helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness.
B)was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation.
C)restricted private development on millions of acres of undeveloped government land.
D)both was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation and helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 53

Regarding his political ideology,Theodore Roosevelt was

A)a strong isolationist.
B)in many respects,decidedly conservative.
C)a champion of government-controlled economy.
D)an opponent of environmental preservation.
E)a fervent advocate for the rights of labor.

Question 54

The Panic of 1907 was caused by

A)the collapse of the United States Steel Corporation.
B)the economic policies of President Theodore Roosevelt.
C)excessive government control of the industrial economy.
D)both excessive government control of the industrial economy and the collapse of the United States Steel Corporation.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 55

As president,William Howard Taft

A)angered many conservatives with his activism.
B)generally pleased progressives.
C)managed to match Roosevelt's personal dynamism.
D)angered many conservatives with his activism,but generally pleased progressives.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 56

During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president,

A)he was a champion of labor unions.
B)he made the breaking up of business combinations his highest priority.
C)he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporate activities.
D)his primary accomplishment was to reform the meatpacking industry.
E)he deeply antagonized the conservative Old Guard wing of his party.

Question 57

World War I hurt the socialist movement in the United States

A)because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country.
B)because the Socialist Party supported Germany.
C)because the Socialist Party had dynamited key railroad lines to prevent troop movement.
D)both because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country,and because the Socialist Party supported Germany.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 58

In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers,President Theodore Roosevelt

A)sided with the miners.
B)sided with the mine owners.
C)ordered in federal troops to keep the peace.
D)ordered federal arbitration.
E)ordered in federal troops to break the strike.

Question 59

Which statement regarding the controversy over the Hetch Hetchy Valley is FALSE?

A)Hetch Hetchy was a spectacular high-walled valley within Yosemite National Park.
B)The fight against the dam helped mobilize a new coalition of preservationists.
C)In 1908,by a wide margin,San Francisco voters approved building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.
D)John Muir devoted the last years of his life to opposing a dam at Hetch Hetchy.
E)Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

Question 60

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel,The Jungle,encouraged the federal government to regulate the

A)railroad industry.
B)steel industry.
C)housing industry.
D)meatpacking industry.
E)oil industry.

Question 61

The Supreme Court,in two rulings related to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act,

A)demonstrated its support for President Wilson's political agenda.
B)validated an expansion of congressional authority.
C)struck down reform legislation.
D)displayed support for using federal authority to create social change.
E)illustrated how quickly Justice Louis Brandeis had changed the Court.

Question 62

The 1912 presidential election was an ideological contest between

A)conservatives and reformers.
B)different types of progressivism.
C)the "New Freedom" and the "New Nationalism."
D)both different types of progressivism,and the "New Freedom" 'and "New Nationalism."
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 63

In 1910,in Osawatomie,Kansas,Theodore Roosevelt announced a set of political principles that called for

A)greater activism by the federal government.
B)limiting the authority of President William H.Taft.
C)an end to legal racial discrimination.
D)equal pay for male and female workers who performed the same jobs.
E)a return to the laissez-faire policies of his two administrations.

Question 64

In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts

A)needed to be tightly regulated by the federal government.
B)should be destroyed.
C)should exist only if they benefited the middle class.
D)should have the right to expand.
E)should exist only if they recognized labor's right to organize.

Question 65

In the presidential campaign of 1912,

A)President William H.Taft won all of the Republican presidential primaries.
B)President William H.Taft won re-nomination after a bitter fight at the convention.
C)Theodore Roosevelt eventually threw his support behind Woodrow Wilson.
D)Theodore Roosevelt ultimately ran on a third-party ticket.
E)Theodore Roosevelt was the candidate of choice for Old Guard conservatives.

Question 66

The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating

A)child labor.
B)industrial safety.
C)tenant agriculture.
D)the garment industry.
E)information about contraceptives.

Question 67

By the fall of 1914,President Woodrow Wilson

A)decided to expand his progressive reform efforts.
B)concluded he could not achieve meaningful reform of the economy.
C)believed his reform program had largely been accomplished.
D)had succeeded in breaking up most business trusts.
E)had created the mechanisms for a vigorous legal pursuit of monopoly.

Question 68

The 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff

A)represented a political setback for President Wilson.
B)reduced foreign competition in the United States' domestic markets.
C)was intended to weaken the power of business trusts.
D)passed despite opposition from congressional Democrats.
E)raised tariff rates to a new high.

Question 69

In 1913,to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation,Congress

A)passed a graduated income tax.
B)decided to inflate the currency.
C)increased business regulatory fees.
D)raised the tariff on agricultural goods.
E)passed heavy excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco.

Question 70

The Federal Reserve Act

A)created a new type of paper currency.
B)helped to reduce loans to private banks.
C)was designed to push troubled banks out of business.
D)was regulated by a board whose members were elected by Congress.
E)created sixteen regional banks.

Question 71

In 1912,Theodore Roosevelt ran for president,in part,because

A)the 1910 elections seemed to illustrate that progressivism was on the wane.
B)he was concerned that Robert La Follette was likely to win if Roosevelt did oppose him.
C)President William H.Taft announced he would not seek reelection.
D)many conservative Republicans asked him to seek the nomination of the party.
E)the Taft administration implied Roosevelt had acted improperly as president.

Question 72

Progressives tended to believe that the doctrine of Social Darwinism was the correct starting point for creating a better world.

Question 73

As president,Woodrow Wilson

A)more tightly consolidated executive power than had Theodore Roosevelt.
B)preferred to delegate the details of policy-making to others.
C)had no close advisors.
D)looked to congressional Democrats to provide national leadership.
E)exerted little control over his cabinet,who often disagreed with him.

Question 74

In 1914,President Woodrow Wilson

A)supported the woman suffrage movement.
B)opposed racial segregation in federal agencies.
C)broke with southern Democrats in Congress.
D)both supported the woman suffrage movement and opposed racial segregation in federal agencies.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 75

After the elections of 1914,President Woodrow Wilson

A)held steady to his existing course of action.
B)moved away from progressivism.
C)began another round of progressive legislation.
D)encouraged the United States to enter the war in Europe.
E)refused to nominate any progressives to the Supreme Court.

Question 76

In the 1912 presidential election,

A)President William H.Taft came in last of the four major candidates.
B)Theodore Roosevelt won the popular vote but lost the electoral college.
C)Eugene Debs offered his electoral votes to Theodore Roosevelt.
D)Theodore Roosevelt finished third in the popular vote.
E)Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.

Question 77

A major reform of American banking was achieved in 1913 with passage of the

A)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
B)Economy Act.
C)Federal Securities Act.
D)Federal Reserve Act.
E)Currency Act.

Question 78

Those who called themselves progressives did not agree on what "progressivism" meant.

Question 79

During President Woodrow Wilson's first term,Colonel Edward House

A)was secretary of state.
B)was one of Wilson's closest advisors.
C)became the locus of opposition to Wilson in the cabinet.
D)was both secretary of state and one of Wilson's closest advisors.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 80

The Federal Trade Commission Act

A)defined the standard for "unfair trade practices."
B)helped businesses increase their trade markets.
C)failed to give the government new powers to investigate corporate behavior.
D)encouraged industries to write basic "codes" governing prices,hours,and wages across the board.
E)created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government.