Deck 4: Interrelated Scientific Principles

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic household chemical?

A)ammonia
B)salt
C)vinegar
D)lye

Answer 1

vinegar

Question 2

Gasoline engines are

A)less efficient than diesel engines.
B)more efficient than diesel engines.
C)more likely to last longer than diesel engines.
D)58% more efficient than hybrid engines.

Answer 2

less efficient than diesel engines.

Question 3

Repeatability in an experiment is important because

A)it eliminates bias.
B)independent investigators must be able to get the same results.
C)it helps to support the initial hypothesis.
D)only independent investigators must be able to get the same results and it helps to support the initial hypothesis.
E)All of these are correct.

Answer 3

All of these are correct.

Question 4

The scientific method is

A)reliable.
B)impartial.
C)limited in when it can be used.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 5

Scientists distinguish between situations that are merely correlated and those that are correlated and show

A)relationships.
B)cause-and-effect relationships.
C)cause-and-relation.
D)None of these are correct.

Question 6

What is the fundamental subunit of matter?

A)molecule
B)compound
C)mixture
D)atom

Question 7

Some of the steps followed in the scientific method include:

A)write a dissertation and present the information at a scientific conference.
B)analyze historical events and offer your opinion of the key findings.
C)observation,formulate and test a hypothesis,compare results to others and publish.
D)interview many people about their reaction to current events.

Question 8

Which of the following light sources is the most efficient?

A)incandescent
B)LED
C)candle
D)sodium vapor

Question 9

"Matter" is made up of

A)atoms.
B)proteins.
C)bases.
D)pseudo electrons.

Question 10

The energy released as water flows downhill from behind a dam is an example of

A)kinetic energy.
B)hydroxyl ion formation.
C)activation energy.
D)potential energy.

Question 11

Which of the following small molecules are converted to form sugar in photosynthesis?

A)oxygen and water
B)hydroxyl ion and hydrogen
C)carbon dioxide and oxygen
D)water and carbon dioxide

Question 12

Scientists usually experiment by collecting data

A)from as large a sample as possible.
B)from one source only.
C)from their relatives.
D)only from other researchers and comparing their results.

Question 13

Communication is a central characteristic of the

A)scientific method.
B)material conference.
C)scientific action.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 14

The position of an element in the Periodic Table tells you

A)whether it is organic or inorganic.
B)the number and position of the parts of the atom.
C)the amount of potential energy of the atom.
D)whether it is used in photosynthesis or respiration.

Question 15

The scientific method is the process that scientists use to

A)evaluate student learning.
B)rigorously test the solutions to new questions.
C)study a crime scene.
D)photograph human behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following is released as a result of respiration?

A)energy for growth and reproduction
B)fats,sugars,and proteins
C)oxygen
D)chlorine ions

Question 17

When energy is converted from one form to another,the loss of energy is usually in the form of

A)water.
B)fluorescent light.
C)heat.
D)radioactivity.

Question 18

What does it mean when a solution has a low pH number?

A)It is a base.
B)It is a catalyst.
C)It is an acid.
D)It has a high number of hydroxyl ions.

Question 19

Pseudoscience

A)is a deceptive practice.
B)utilizes appearance and language of science.
C)is misleading.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 20

The second law of thermodynamics states that

A)energy is the ability to do work.
B)useful energy is lost when converting from one form of energy to another.
C)energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
D)all energy is either kinetic or potential.

Question 21

Which of the following best matches the description?
Process whereby plants convert inorganic materials into organic matter.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 22

Which of the following best matches the description?
Uncharged particle of an atom.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 23

The heat that is transferred from a hot object to your hand is known as

A)sensible heat.
B)latent heat.
C)entropy.
D)kinetic energy.

Question 24

Which of the following best matches the description?
Central region of an atom.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 25

Which of the following best matches the description?
Number used as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 26

Which of the following best matches the description?
Negatively charged particle of an atom.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 27

In order to discern whether or not a product is green you should look for

A)statements about the use of recycled materials.
B)evidence of a company's commitment to making and marketing a green product.
C)a list of actual ingredients and their sources following a statement of using all natural ingredients.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 28

Which of the following best matches the description?
Compound with a high number of hydroxyl ions or high pH.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 29

Which of the following best matches the description?
The energy matter has because of its position.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 30

Which of the following best matches the description?
Process whereby organisms break down large molecules to obtain energy.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 31

Which of the following best matches the description?
Compound with a low number of hydroxyl ions or low pH.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 32

The nucleus of an atom contains

A)only electrons.
B)electrons and protons.
C)only protons.
D)protons and neutrons.

Question 33

Which of the following best matches the description?
Protein molecule that speeds up the rate of a reaction.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 34

Which of the following best matches the description?
The energy contained by moving objects,such as running water.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 35

The heat energy used to cause liquid water to evaporate from your skin is called

A)sensible heat.
B)combustion.
C)evapotranspiration.
D)latent heat.

Question 36

Which of the following best matches the description?
Molecule or atom which has lost or gained an electron.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 37

Which of the following best matches the description?
Positively charged particle of an atom.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 38

Reproducibility is an important part of the scientific method and means that

A)other scientists are able to repeat the experiment and obtain similar results.
B)scientists show all the calculations in their work.
C)scientists have an idea that they are testing.
D)a control group is always used.

Question 39

Energy that cannot be used to do useful work is referred to as

A)potential energy.
B)entropy.
C)kinetic energy.
D)enzymatic energy.

Question 40

Which of the following best matches the description?
Burning of fuel to obtain heat.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 41

Scientific opinions are always factual.

Question 42

Chemistry is extremely important in discussions of environmental problems.

Question 43

The fundamental unit of matter is the sugar molecule.

Question 44

Energy can be created and or destroyed with unlimited potential.

Question 45

Damming water changes its quantity and not its quality.

Question 46

An acid is an ionic compound that releases hydroxyl ions.

Question 47

Which of the following best matches the description?
Heat energy that is used to change matter from a solid to liquid or gas.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 48

Which of the following best matches the description?
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 49

Matter may be solid,liquid,or gas,depending on the amount of kinetic energy contained by the molecules.

Question 50

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Question 51

An acid is any compound that accepts hydrogen ions (protons)in a solution.

Question 52

The second law of thermodynamics states that whenever energy is converted from one form to another,some of the useful energy is lost.

Question 53

With pseudoscience,deceptive practices may unintentionally confuse and/or mislead people into thinking that something has scientific validity when it does not.

Question 54

Photosynthesis is the process whereby animals break down large molecules such as sugars into smaller molecules.

Question 55

The release of chemical energy from food is analogous to the burning of fossil fuel.

Question 56

Chemical bonds are physical attractions between atoms resulting from the interaction of their electrons.

Question 57

It takes very little energy to change water from a liquid to a vapor.

Question 58

Ocean water has low energy quality because there is a relatively small temperature difference between it and the objects to be heated.

Question 59

Which of the following best matches the description?
Energy that cannot be used to do useful work.

A)respiration
B)pH
C)enzyme
D)ion
E)photosynthesis
F)acid
G)combustion
H)potential energy
I)none of above
J)base
K)proton
L)electron
M)isotope
N)neutron
O)kinetic energy
P)nucleus
Q)entropy
R)latent heat

Question 60

Potential energy is the energy contained by moving objects.

Question 61

Many of the processes that occur in the natural world involve interactions between matter and:

A)Airflow
B)Energy
C)Space
D)Time

Question 62

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that wood stoves are responsible for ________ percent of the deadliest air pollutant particles emitted in the United States?

A)5%
B)25%
C)50%
D)95%

Question 63

The Elwha River is located in what state?

A)Oregon
B)California
C)Maine
D)Washington

Question 64

Pollution from wood stoves is a particular concern in the winter when:

A)Temperatures are low
B)There is significant snowfall
C)Temperature inversions limit air movement
D)Ice buildups can limit air movement