Deck 18: The Digestive System

Question 1

The gastrointestinal tract generates monomers from polymers by condensation.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called

A)peristalsis.
B)segmentation.
C)deglutition.
D)mastication.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following motility processes is NOT correctly matched to its description?

A)peristalsis - rhythmic, wave-like contractions
B)mastication - removal of wastes
C)ingestion - taking food into the mouth
D)deglutition - swallowing

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Functions of the digestive system include all of the following EXCEPT

A)deglutition.
B)hormone secretion.
C)absorption.
D)hormone degradation.

Question 5

Absorptive cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located within the mucosa.

Question 6

The intrinsic regulation of the GI tract is conferred by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 7

Which tunic of the GI tract is very vascular and has many nerves and glands?

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)muscularis
D)serosa

Question 8

The initial phase of deglutition is a voluntary process.

Question 9

Damage to which of the following nerves would reduce GI secretions?

A)glossopharyngeal nerve
B)hypoglossal nerve
C)vagus nerve
D)phrenic nerve

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the phases of swallowing?

A)pharyngeal
B)peristalsis
C)reflux
D)segmentation

Question 11

The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is

A)ingestion.
B)deglutition.
C)absorption
D)segmentation

Question 12

Parasympathetic antagonists would stimulate gastrointestinal motility.

Question 13

The combination of chewed food and saliva is called

A)chyme.
B)a bolus.
C)pylorus.
D)hiatal.

Question 14

The mucosa of the esophagus is

A)stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B)pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
C)simple columnar epithelium.
D)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 15

Damage to which tunic of the GI tract would directly affect Auerbach's plexus?

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)muscularis
D)serosa

Question 16

The lining of the intestine provides a physical barrier against microorganisms and their toxins.

Question 17

Deglutition is coordinated by the swallowing center in the

A)medulla.
B)cerebrum.
C)pons.
D)cerebellum.

Question 18

Exocrine secretions of the digestive system include enzymes and bicarbonate.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract?

A)pharynx
B)liver
C)small intestine
D)esophagus

Question 20

The superior portion of the esophagus contains smooth muscle in its wall.

Question 21

Pernicious anemia develops if there is a vitamin ________ deficiency.

A)C
B)B₆
C)B₁₂
D)D

Question 22

Acid chyme is buffered by __________ secreted from the pancreas.

A)mucus
B)bicarbonate
C)ammonia
D)urea

Question 23

_________________ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus.

A)Gastroenteritis
B)Gastroesophageal reflux disease
C)Pernicious anemia
D)Gastritis

Question 24

Which of the following may be beneficial in treating gastric ulcers?

A)epinephrine
B)histamine blockers
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)carboxypeptidase

Question 25

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with

A)peptic ulcers.
B)hiatal hernia.
C)acid reflux.
D)pancreatitis.

Question 26

____________ is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B₁₂.

A)Vitamin D
B)Calcium
C)Intrinsic factor
D)Vitamin C

Question 27

Somatostatin is produced in the stomach by

A)goblet cells.
B)parietal cells.
C)G cells.
D)D cells.

Question 28

Pepsin would not be found in the stomach if the __________ cells were destroyed.

A)goblet
B)parietal
C)D cells
D)chief or zymogenic

Question 29

Pepsin would have the greatest activity

A)immediately upon secretion into the stomach.
B)immediately upon entering the duodenum.
C)when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3.
D)when the pH of the chyme is less than 3.

Question 30

Antihistamines would limit the gastric secretion of

A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)hydrochloric acid.
D)mucus.

Question 31

H⁺/K⁺ ATPase pumps transport H⁺ against its concentration gradient out of the lumen of the stomach while transporting K⁺ in the opposite direction.

Question 32

Anemia often results due to a lack of intrinsic factor.

Question 33

Histamine secretion by the stomach would be prevented by destruction of the

A)D cells.
B)G cells.
C)chief cells.
D)enterochromaffin-like cells.

Question 34

Vitamin B₁₂ is primarily absorbed in the

A)duodenum.
B)jejunum.
C)ileum.
D)cecum.

Question 35

The _________________ of the stomach and intestine secrete histamine and serotonin.

A)G cells
B)parietal cells
C)enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells
D)chief cells

Question 36

Mutating the gene encoding for the H⁺/K⁺ ATPase would block gastric HCl secretion.

Question 37

The stomach churns food into a pasty material called

A)a bolus.
B)chyme.
C)chyle.
D)saliva.

Question 38

Inhibiting the actions of the parietal cells would stimulate protein digestion.

Question 39

__________ stimulates ECL cells to secrete histamine which stimulates HCl release from parietal cells.

A)Secretin
B)CCK
C)Gastrin
D)Ghrelin

Question 40

Long folds of the stomach's inner surface are called

A)plicae.
B)rugae.
C)gastric pits.
D)ghrelin.

Question 41

What commonly ingested substances are absorbed through the stomach wall?

A)water and alcohol
B)antacid and water
C)alcohol and aspirin
D)penicillin and aspirin

Question 42

The primary function of the large intestine is

A)water reabsorption.
B)mineral absorption.
C)hormone degradation.
D)degrading toxins.

Question 43

The appendix is a short, thin out-pouching of the ileum.

Question 44

Slow wave depolarization triggers depolarization of smooth muscle by opening voltage-gated ________ channels.

A)K⁺
B)Na⁺
C)Ca²⁺
D)Ach

Question 45

Slow waves of the intestine are conducted through what type of cells?

A)gastric cells
B)microflora cells
C)SXR Cells
D)Cajal cells

Question 46

The brush border is a term used to describe the mucosa of the small intestine.

Question 47

The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found

A)in the pancreatic juice.
B)in the brush border of the small intestine.
C)in saliva.
D)in the gastric mucosa.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the small intestine that increases its surface area?

A)rugae
B)villi
C)plicae circularis
D)microvilli

Question 49

Absorbed lipids are initially transported by the lymphatic system.

Question 50

Stress would cause GI motility and secretions to be

A)increased.
B)decreased.
C)unchanged.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?

A)production of B vitamins
B)ferment indigestible contents of the chyme
C)production of vitamin K
D)hydrolyze proteins

Question 52

Most of the food is digested and absorbed through the wall of the stomach.

Question 53

Histamine release will cause more acid to be released in the stomach.

Question 54

Drugs such as Zantac and Tagamet help treat gastritis and ulcers by

A)blocking H₂-histamine receptors.
B)blocking H₁-histamine receptors.
C)inhibiting proton pumps.
D)killing bacteria.

Question 55

The first line of defense in the stomach against damaging acid and pepsin is the

A)tight junctions of epithelial cells.
B)rapid rate of epithelial cell replacement.
C)adherent layer of mucus.
D)release of gastrin.

Question 56

Sympathetic nerve fibers can cause the release of HCl from parietal cells.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to acid and pepsin damage in the stomach?

A)adherent layer of mucus
B)bicarbonate
C)gap junctions between epithelial cells
D)rapid turnover of epithelial cells

Question 58

Bicarbonate that protects the duodenum from peptic ulcers comes from all of the following EXCEPT:

A)adherent layer of mucus
B)Brunner's cells
C)stomach
D)pancreatic juice

Question 59

Protein digestion would decrease if lactase were not present on the brush border.

Question 60

The mixing movement of the small intestine is called

A)deglutition.
B)segmentation.
C)micturition.
D)peristalsis.

Question 61

Bile is derived from cholesterol.

Question 62

Movement of water out of the large intestine is by

A)active transport.
B)cotransport.
C)osmosis.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 63

Normal levels of intestinal microbiota help protect us from pathogenic bacteria.

Question 64

The intestinal microbiota have a mutualistic relationship with humans.

Question 65

All of the following have an enterohepatic circulation EXCEPT

A)penicillin.
B)cholesterol.
C)tetracycline.
D)bilirubin.

Question 66

Bile is produced by the gallbladder.

Question 67

Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of

A)glycogenesis.
B)glycogenolysis.
C)gluconeogenesis.
D)lipogenesis.

Question 68

Multispecific organic anion transport carriers are present in the

A)liver.
B)nephron tubules.
C)pancreas.
D)Both liver and nephron tubules.

Question 69

____________ are hepatic phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system.

A)Hepatocytes
B)Kupffer cells
C)Langerhan cells
D)Merkel's cells

Question 70

Inadequate bile secretion will limit emulsification of fats.

Question 71

__________ is a condition in which large number of liver lobules are destroyed and replaced by permanent, scarlike connective tissue.

A)Jaundice
B)Hepatitis
C)Cholecystitis
D)Cirrhosis

Question 72

___________ are large capillary spaces separating hepatic plates.

A)Hepatocytes
B)Lobules
C)Sinusoids
D)Portal systems

Question 73

The enterohepatic circulation is between the _____ and ______.

A)liver, stomach.
B)liver, pancreas.
C)liver, intestine.
D)liver, gallbladder.

Question 74

Inhibiting hepatic function could limit blood clotting.

Question 75

Derivatives of ________ give feces a brown color.

A)urobilinogen
B)bilirubin
C)cholesterol
D)guanylin

Question 76

Aldosterone affects salt and water absorption in the intestine.

Question 77

An important function of the liver is producing ketone bodies from fatty acids.

Question 78

A _____________ has the following pattern of circulation: capillaries -> veins -> capillaries -> veins.

A)portal system
B)sinusoid
C)lobule
D)glomerulus

Question 79

Diarrhea often results when the osmolarity of the fecal matter in the colon is increased.

Question 80

The process of waste removal is called

A)defecation.
B)mastication.
C)deglutition.
D)segmentation.