Deck 16: Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

Inhalation and accumulation of particles less than 6 mm in size can cause

A)asthma.
B)emphysema.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)pulmonary fibrosis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The "Adam's apple" is formed by the largest cartilage of the larynx.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Black lung causes pulmonary fibrosis due to the inhalation of large amounts of inhaled carbon dust.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A tracheotomy is the insertion of a tube into the trachea.

Question 5

Intrapleural pressure __________ during expiration.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains unchanged

Question 6

Type I alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant.

Question 7

The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs.

Question 8

Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because

A)there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane.
B)alveoli are one cell thick.
C)the air-blood barrier is two cells thick.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Intrapulmonary pressure increases as the diaphragm contracts.

Question 10

What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume?

A)Boyle's Law
B)Charles Law
C)Dalton's Law
D)Henry's Law

Question 11

Internal respiration occurs most frequently in the respiratory zone.

Question 12

During inspiration,

A)alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure.
B)transpulmonary pressure increases.
C)the diaphragm relaxes.
D)intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.

Question 13

Ventilation involves both internal and external components.

Question 14

The pharynx is a common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems.

Question 15

The __________ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

A)lungs
B)liver
C)rib cage
D)diaphragm

Question 16

The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT

A)the primary bronchi.
B)the larynx.
C)the terminal bronchioles.
D)the respiratory bronchioles.

Question 17

Pleural membranes envelop organs within the thoracic cavity.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?

A)gas exchange
B)filtering and cleaning the air
C)warming and humidifying the air
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone?

A)primary bronchi
B)trachea
C)alveoli
D)nose

Question 20

An individual with a pneumothorax would have gas in the pleural space.

Question 21

Quiet expiration is caused by

A)contraction of the external intercostals.
B)contraction of the internal intercostals.
C)lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure.
D)contraction of the scalenes.

Question 22

What condition is marked by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs due to permeability changes triggered by the inflammatory response to systemic infection?

A)emphysema
B)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C)pneumothorax
D)acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 23

Lung compliance increases as the amount of surfactant in the lung increases.

Question 24

According to who's law, is the pressure in a small alveolus greater than a large alveolus as long as the surface tension is equal?

A)Boyle's law
B)Dalton's law
C)Laplace's law
D)Henry's law

Question 25

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition associated with premature babies who lack

A)a-antitrypsin.
B)histamine.
C)type I alveolar cells.
D)surfactant.

Question 26

Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the

A)erectus abdominis.
B)scalenes.
C)internal intercostals.
D)parasternal intercostals.

Question 27

Which muscle's contraction will stimulate inspiration?

A)diaphragm
B)external intercostals
C)parasternal intercostals
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the

A)tidal volume.
B)vital capacity.
C)inspiratory reserve volume.
D)residual volume.

Question 29

Quiet inspiration will ____ thoracic and lung volume and _____ intrapulmonary pressure.

A)increase, increase
B)increase, decrease
C)decrease, increase
D)decrease, decrease

Question 30

Cessation of breathing is known as

A)apnea.
B)dyspnea.
C)eupnea.
D)pneumothorax.

Question 31

Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of

A)type II alveolar cells.
B)type I alveolar cells.
C)alveolar macrophages.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 32

The anatomical dead space

A)is increased by emphysema.
B)has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.
C)has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air.
D)is comprised of the respiratory zone.

Question 33

What phospholipid decreases the surface tension of the alveoli?

A)mucus
B)saliva
C)surfactant
D)lymph

Question 34

Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles expands the thoracic cavity.

Question 35

Forced expiratory volume tests are used to differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung disorders.

Question 36

A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is

A)compliance.
B)elasticity.
C)surface tension.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Quiet expiration will increase intrapulmonary pressure to about +3 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure.

Question 38

Obstructive pulmonary diseases often cause the FEV_1.0 to be decreased by __________ or more.

A)0%
B)5%
C)10%
D)20%

Question 39

Which of the following is true?

A)Blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen.
B)Blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide.
C)The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air.
D)All of the choices are true.

Question 40

The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the inspiratory capacity.

Question 41

Cor pulmonale may result from a COPD such as emphysema.

Question 42

Who's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in the mixture would exert independently?

A)Boyle's Law
B)Charles Law
C)Dalton's Law
D)Henry's Law

Question 43

Normal arterial P_O2 is

A)40 mm Hg.
B)46 mm Hg.
C)85 mm Hg.
D)100 mm Hg.

Question 44

Who's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas?

A)Charles law
B)Boyle's law
C)Henry's law
D)Laplace's law

Question 45

Breathing 100% oxygen will

A)significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues.
B)increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells.
C)significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood.
D)not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.

Question 46

Sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat asthma.

Question 47

Breathing 100% oxygen will increase the total oxygen content of whole blood by 5 times.

Question 48

Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by

A)smoking.
B)allergic reactions.
C)breathing in coal dust.
D)increased mucus production.

Question 49

What instrument is used to measure the percent oxyhemoglobin saturation of the blood?

A)sphygmomanometer
B)spirometer
C)pulse oximeter
D)stethoscope

Question 50

Which of the following may result from emphysema?

A)reduced gas exchange surface area
B)air trapping
C)cor pulmonale
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 51

Normal venous P_O2 is

A)40 mm Hg.
B)46 mm Hg.
C)85 mm Hg.
D)100 mm Hg.

Question 52

What drug that is used as a treatment for asthma, promotes bronchodilation by selectively stimulating beta₂-adrenergic receptors?

A)Singular
B)Albuterol
C)Terbutaline
D)Epinephrine

Question 53

The partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude because the amount of oxygen in the air is decreased.

Question 54

Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix, at 760 mm Hg, the partial pressure of gas X would be

A)11400 mm Hg
B)1140 mm Hg
C)114 mm Hg
D)646 mm Hg

Question 55

The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the

A)tidal volume.
B)vital capacity.
C)inspiratory reserve volume.
D)residual volume.

Question 56

Which of the following is an inflammatory cell associated with COPDs but NOT asthma?

A)mast cells
B)helper T cells
C)eosinophils
D)cytotoxic T cells

Question 57

Measurements of arterial P_CO2 are used to assess lung function.

Question 58

The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the

A)vital capacity.
B)total lung capacity.
C)tidal volume.
D)functional residual capacity.

Question 59

Increasing the partial pressure of a gas increases the amount of that gas which will dissolve in a fluid.

Question 60

The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood

A)is directly proportional to the solubility partial pressure of the gas.
B)increases at higher altitudes.
C)is described primarily by Boyle's law.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 61

Activation of the apneustic center would increase tidal volume.

Question 62

Peripheral chemoreceptors that can detect changes in blood pH are located in the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)aortic and carotid bodies.
C)pons.
D)lungs.

Question 63

Hypocapnia would induce a rise in the pH of arterial blood.

Question 64

When a diver descends 20 meters below sea level, the total atmospheric pressure would increase by ____ atmospheres.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 65

The ventilation/perfusion ratio

A)is lowest at the apex of the lungs.
B)increases when blood flow is decreased.
C)decreases when ventilation is increased.
D)increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles.

Question 66

Pulmonary arterioles _____ and system arterioles _____ when P_O2 is low.

A)dilate, dilate
B)dilate, constrict
C)constrict, dilate
D)constrict, constrict

Question 67

When alveolar ventilation increases, the perfusion of pulmonary arterioles will

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain unchanged.

Question 68

Arterial blood pH is indirectly proportional to the partial carbon dioxide pressure of arterial blood.

Question 69

Ondine's curse is a condition in which involuntary control of breathing is abolished so that patients must remind themselves to breathe.

Question 70

The foramen ovale

A)closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance.
B)normally shunts blood between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
C)normally shunts blood between the right and left ventricles.
D)has no importance in fetal respiratory physiology.

Question 71

The primary drive to breath is elicited by which of the following:

A)reduced P_O2.
B)reduced P_CO2.
C)increased P_O2.
D)increased P_CO2.

Question 72

Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 73

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A)is used to treat nitrogen narcosis.
B)exposes patients to high oxygen under low pressure.
C)can be used to promote wound healing.
D)would increase the time required to recover from decompression sickness.

Question 74

Decompression sickness could occur if an airplane's cabin depressurized at a high altitude.

Question 75

Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata directly detect changes in the pH of the

A)blood.
B)cerebrospinal fluid.
C)lymph.
D)air.

Question 76

What can be used to treat carbon monoxide poisoning and gangrene?

A)hypoventilation
B)blood letting
C)hyperbaric oxygen therapy
D)carbon dioxide therapy

Question 77

Decompression sickness is caused by ascending to sea level too quickly which results in bubbles of _____ to form in the blood.

A)oxygen
B)carbon dioxide
C)carbon monoxide
D)nitrogen

Question 78

What is the condition of having low blood oxygen levels?

A)hypocapnia
B)hypercapnia
C)hypoxia
D)hypoxemia

Question 79

Pulmonary circulation is a ____ resistance and ____ pressure pathway.

A)low, high
B)low, low
C)high, low
D)high, high

Question 80

What condition is caused by large amounts of nitrogen dissolving into the blood due to hyperbaric conditions?

A)nitrogen narcosis
B)oxygen toxicity
C)decompression sickness
D)emphysema