Deck 15: The Immune System

Question 1

Actions of interferons include

A)stimulation of fever.
B)inhibition of cytotoxic T cells.
C)inhibition of antibody production.
D)inhibition of cell division.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Phagocytic cells include all of the following EXCEPT

A)microglia.
B)Kupffer cells.
C)lymphocytes.
D)macrophages.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Macrophages are derived from neutrophils.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What structures aid in our ability to identify potential pathogens as foreign and not self?

A)complement
B)LPS
C)cytokines
D)toll-like receptors

Question 5

Interferons stimulate macrophage replication.

Question 6

Which of the following is involved in specific immunity?

A)mucus
B)macrophages
C)neutrophils
D)lymphocytes

Question 7

Phagocytosis of pathogens would be enhanced if

A)the number of monocytes in the blood increased.
B)Kupffer cells were destroyed.
C)the number of neutrophils in the blood increased.
D)The number of monocytes or neutrophils in the blood increased.

Question 8

The two categories of immune defensive mechanisms are __________ and ____________.

A)innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity.
B)passive immunity, active immunity.
C)heavy immunity, light immunity.
D)direct immunity, indirect immunity.

Question 9

What system helps to integrate innate and adaptive immune responses?

A)PAMPs
B)cytokines
C)complement
D)interferon

Question 10

_____________ tissues serve as a barrier to microbial infection.

A)Epithelial
B)Muscular
C)Nervous
D)Connective

Question 11

Lymphocytes are involved in specific immune reactions.

Question 12

Fevers increase neutrophil activity and interferon production.

Question 13

Neutrophils and monocytes are able to leave the blood and enter tissues via diapedesis.

Question 14

Molecules that are present in the membranes of gram-negative bacteria and are the best known PAMPs are called

A)interferon.
B)lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
C)lymphokines.
D)complement.

Question 15

Alpha and beta interferons will inhibit

A)growth of cancer cells.
B)viral replication and assembly.
C)activity of natural killer cells.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Interferons

A)stimulate viral replication.
B)provide humoral immunity.
C)provide nonspecific immunity.
D)are produced by viruses.

Question 17

Interferons have diverse functions including inhibiting erythrocytes and adipose cell maturation.

Question 18

Inhibition of phagocytosis prevents proper Kupffer cell function.

Question 19

Fever is induced by pyrogens.

Question 20

_____________ is a secreted enzyme that destroys bacteria.

A)Chemotaxin
B)Complement
C)Lysozyme
D)Interferon

Question 21

Antigens are used to induce a passive immune response.

Question 22

The characteristic symptoms of local inflammation include redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and pus.

Question 23

What chemical is released by mast cells that aids in the inflammation process by causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?

A)cytokines
B)heparin
C)histamine
D)proteases

Question 24

Phagocytotic leukocytes involved in the inflammatory response generally do not reenter system circulation.

Question 25

Antigens

A)are often proteins.
B)are usually small molecules.
C)normally have a simple structure.
D)are often normally found in body fluids.

Question 26

B lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

Question 27

Allergic reactions could be minimized if the synthesis of immunoglobulin _____________ was blocked.

A)IgA
B)IgM
C)IgE
D)IgD

Question 28

Which cell combats vitally infected cells, transplants, and cancer cells?

A)B lymphocyte
B)T lymphocyte

Question 29

During the local inflammatory response, a lack of mast cells would result in

A)decreased antibody secretion.
B)interaction of antibodies with the pathogen.
C)activation of complement.
D)decreased capillary permeability.

Question 30

Small organic molecules that by themselves are NOT antigenic are called

A)antibodies.
B)haptens.
C)interferons.
D)complement.

Question 31

Which cell combats most bacterial infections?

A)B lymphocyte
B)T lymphocyte

Question 32

T lymphocytes in an adult mainly come from

A)the thymus.
B)bone marrow.
C)lymph nodes and spleen.
D)the liver.

Question 33

Mutation in the variable regions of the heavy and light chains would directly change the antigen binding site.

Question 34

The lymph nodes and spleen are primary lymphoid organs.

Question 35

The population of T lymphocytes in the blood is larger than that of the B lymphocytes.

Question 36

What chemical acts as a chemokine to draw more neutrophils to the site of an infection?

A)histamine
B)tumor necrosis factor alpha
C)protease
D)prostaglandin

Question 37

What is the process of drawing leukocytes to the site of an infection?

A)chemotaxis
B)diapedesis
C)extravasation
D)opsonization

Question 38

Beta interferon is now being used to treat hepatitis B and
C.

Question 39

What chemical is released by neutrophils that produces pus at the site of an infection?

A)cytokines
B)heparin
C)histamine
D)proteases

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphoid organ?

A)spleen
B)tonsils
C)thymus
D)lymph nodes

Question 41

Antibody diversity can be explained by

A)the fact that many different genes encode for the different antibody chains.
B)mutations occur in germ cells.
C)mutation of pathogens.
D)clonal production of plasma cells.

Question 42

Complement proteins facilitate opsonization.

Question 43

Individuals suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome have decreased numbers of circulating

A)Regulatory T lymphocytes.
B)Helper T lymphocytes.
C)B lymphocytes.
D)macrophages.

Question 44

Mutations in polypeptides called _____________ that are produced by T cells would prevent T cells from destroying infected cells.

A)perforins
B)antibodies
C)histamines
D)interferons

Question 45

The ability of IgM antibodies to convert of other types of antibodies is called

A)cloning.
B)antigen-dependent diversification.
C)class switch recombination.
D)somatic hyper mutation.

Question 46

_____________ may induce excess nitric oxide production in macrophages which could lead to the hypotension characteristic of septic shock.

A)Exotoxin
B)Interferon
C)Endotoxin
D)Complement

Question 47

Inhibiting the actions of helper T lymphocytes may impair humoral immunity.

Question 48

Inhibiting proteins C2-C4 would block the activation of

A)interferon.
B)complement.
C)specific immunity.
D)antibodies.

Question 49

Mutations in complement proteins 1 through 4 directly affect the structure of the membrane attack complex.

Question 50

Increasing interleuken-3 levels would limit the development of mast cells.

Question 51

Colostrum is high in

A)IgA.
B)IgD.
C)IgE.
D)IgG.

Question 52

Interactions between B cells and helper T cells stimulate the actions of killer T cells.

Question 53

Immunoglobulins are synthesized and secreted by B lymphocytes.

Question 54

Antibody diversity can be explained by

A)clonal production of plasma cells.
B)antigen-dependent diversification.
C)over 100 million genes encoding for antibodies.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 55

T lymphocytes

A)differentiate in the bone marrow.
B)secrete antibodies.
C)mature in the thymus.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

Mutation in complement protein number 1 would directly

A)prevent complement recognition.
B)prevent complement fixation.
C)prevent opsonization.
D)prevent complement activation.

Question 57

Helper T cell activation occurs more readily if the antigen presenting cells are

A)dendritic cells and macrophages.
B)macrophages and mast cells.
C)B and T lymphocytes.
D)neutrophils and basophils.

Question 58

Mutations in the genes encoding for IgG would

A)prevent allergic reactions.
B)block the synthesis of the principal form of circulating antibody.
C)prevent antibody secretion in external secretions.
D)prevent lymphocyte stimulation by antigens.

Question 59

Complement fragments stimulate all of the following EXCEPT

A)chemotaxis.
B)opsonization.
C)histamine release.
D)antibody production.

Question 60

___________ is the ability of antibodies and complements to enhance phagocytosis.

A)Opsonization
B)Complement activation
C)Cell-mediated immunity
D)Inflammation

Question 61

All human cells have human leukocyte antigens on their membrane surface.

Question 62

T cells have receptors for antigens and will bind to free antigens like B cells.

Question 63

Viral infection of target cells results in

A)the presentation of viral antigens in class-2 MHC molecules.
B)the activation of cytotoxic T cells when the CD4 coreceptor is occupied.
C)the presentation of viral antigens in class-1 MHC molecules.
D)activation of helper T cells when the CD8 coreceptor is occupied.

Question 64

The binding of FAS and its FAS ligand will trigger

A)interferon release.
B)T lymphocyte activation.
C)antibody production.
D)apoptosis.

Question 65

Immunological memory is responsible for the rapid secondary response to an antigen.

Question 66

Blocking the CD8 coreceptor would cause

A)decreased activation of macrophages.
B)decreased activation of helper T lymphocytes.
C)decreased activation of cytotoxic T cells.
D)decreased activation of the target cells.

Question 67

Tissue transplants should have matching ______ to prevent rejection in the host.

A)MHC molecules
B)perforins
C)interleukins
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 68

A mutation in the gene encoding for interleuken-3 would result in

A)decreased conversion of B cells to plasma cells.
B)decreased numbers of circulating mast cells.
C)inhibition of macrophage activation.
D)inhibition of leukocyte proliferation.

Question 69

New drugs are under development to treat AIDS that act to

A)kill the virus.
B)kill the target cells and prevent infection.
C)inhibit the fusion of the HIV to the target cells.
D)inhibit reverse transcriptase.

Question 70

Bone marrow stem cells and mast cells proliferate in response to

A)interleukin-1.
B)interleukin-2.
C)interleukin-3.
D)interleukin-4.

Question 71

What molecule is used to produce lymphokine-activated killer cells to treat some types of cancer?

A)interleukin-2
B)interleukin-1
C)interleukin-4
D)G-CSF

Question 72

The activation of resting T lymphocytes is prevented by

A)inhibiting interleuken-1 secretion by macrophages.
B)inhibiting interleuken-4 by helper T-lymphocytes.
C)stimulating secretion of interferons by T-lymphocytes.
D)decreasing the secretion of tumor necrosis factors by macrophages.

Question 73

Helper T lymphocytes interact specifically with antigens presented with class-2 MHC molecules.

Question 74

Inhibition of the actions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes causes

A)decreased antibody secretion.
B)decreased stimulation of B lymphocytes.
C)increased secretion of perforin.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 75

The primary target of the human immunodeficiency virus is

A)the plasma cell.
B)the memory cell.
C)the macrophage.
D)the T lymphocyte.

Question 76

The first successful vaccination with an attenuated virus was conducted by

A)Jenner.
B)Pasteur.
C)Einstein.
D)Newton.

Question 77

Mineralocorticoids stimulate immune suppression by inhibiting interleukin-1 production.

Question 78

Some tumor cells may produce a surface molecule, which may defend them from T cell attack.These surface molecules are called

A)FAS ligands.
B)MHCs.
C)CD8 coreceptors.
D)antigens.

Question 79

Which chromosome contains the genes for the major histocompatibility complex?

A)chromosome 3
B)chromosome 6
C)chromosome 14
D)chromosome 19

Question 80

Blocking the _____ receptor on Helper T cells may inhibit activation by antigen presenting cells.

A)CD25
B)CD4
C)MHC
D)IL-6