Deck 8: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning and memory?

A)arcuate fasciculus
B)hippocampus
C)temporal lobe
D)cerebral cortex

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The cerebral cortex is made up of both gray and white matter.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Damage to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum would impair somatesthetic interpretation.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The brain ventricles are remnants of the hollow neural tube.

Question 5

Communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum is facilitated by the corpus callosum.

Question 6

The forebrain develops into the telencephalon and the diencephalon.

Question 7

In the cerebrum, the _________ matter is generally superficial and the _______ matter is deep.

A)white, gray
B)gray, white

Question 8

The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses.

A)bipolar
B)association
C)motor
D)pseudounipolar

Question 9

Neural crest cells differentiate into

A)the telencephalon.
B)the red nucleus.
C)the basal nuclei.
D)peripheral nervous system ganglia.

Question 10

Cerebrospinal fluid is found

A)within the central canal.
B)within the ventricles.
C)within the olfactory bulbs.
D)both within the central canal and within the ventricles.

Question 11

The neural tube and neural crest cells are of endodermal origin.

Question 12

The cerebellum forms from the

A)telencephalon.
B)metencephalon.
C)myelencephalon.
D)diencephalon.

Question 13

Gray matter is found only in the cerebral cortex.

Question 14

The ependyma and/or astrocytes of the _________ may be nNeural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the

A)cerebral cortex
B)subventricular zone
C)midbrain
D)medulla oblongata

Question 15

The midbrain forms the

A)telencephalon.
B)mesencephalon.
C)myelencephalon.
D)diencephalon.

Question 16

Damage to the white matter of the brain would prevent transmission of information between nuclei.

Question 17

Neural stem cells are important in the renewal of _______ neurons.

A)visual
B)gustatory
C)olfactory
D)auditory

Question 18

________% of total blood flow to the body per minute goes to the brain.

A)15
B)20
C)25
D)30

Question 19

Destruction of the embryonic ____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system.

A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
D)mesoglia

Question 20

__________ innervate muscles and glands.

A)Sensory neurons
B)Ganglia
C)Motor neurons
D)Association neurons

Question 21

_________________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a particular damaging amyloid b-peptide that is implicated in inherited forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

A) $\gamma$ -secretase
B)a-secretase
C)b-secretase
D)p-secretase

Question 22

Visual inputs are interpreted at the level of on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Question 23

Delta waves in an awake infant indicate brain damage.

Question 24

Brain metabolism may be best studied by

A)electroencephalography.
B)computed tomography.
C)magnetic resonance imaging.
D)positron-emission tomography.

Question 25

Which of the following is used to map neuronal activity with scalp electrodes?

A)MEG
B)PET
C)EEG
D)MRI

Question 26

The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses.

A)temporal
B)frontal
C)parietal
D)insula

Question 27

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage?

A)alpha waves
B)beta waves
C)theta waves
D)delta waves

Question 28

An electroencephalogram obtained from an adult who is thinking would probably display

A)many alpha waves.
B)many beta waves.
C)many delta waves.
D)many theta waves.

Question 29

A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a

A)sulcus.
B)fissure.
C)gyrus.
D)mirror neuron.

Question 30

What type of neurons aid in imitation, understanding intentions and behaviors of others, and having empathy with the emotions of others?

A)sensory
B)motor
C)association
D)mirror

Question 31

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit

A)voluntary skeletal muscle contraction.
B)integration of cerebral activities.
C)hearing.
D)vision.

Question 32

Heart and respiratory rates increase during REM sleep as if the person were awake.

Question 33

__________________ is a technique for visualizing brain region activity indirectly by detecting increases in blood oxygen levels.

A)Computed tomography
B)Electroencephalogram
C)Functional magnetic resonance imaging
D)Positron emission tomography

Question 34

During ______________ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur.

A)REM
B)deep
C)nonREM
D)dozing

Question 35

What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function?

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)autism spectrum disorder
C)Parkinson's disease
D)epilepsy

Question 36

Which type of sleep pattern may aid the consolidation of memory?

A)REM
B)nonREM

Question 37

Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?

A)insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital
B)temporal, frontal, insula, cerebellum, occipital
C)frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital
D)cerebrum, midbrain, thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 38

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus?

A)sensory neurons
B)lower motor neurons
C)upper motor neurons
D)middle motor neurons

Question 39

What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A)corpus callosum
B)central sulcus
C)lateral sulcus
D)longitudinal fissure

Question 40

A record of the electrical currents of the cerebral cortex is a/an

A)computed tomograph.
B)electroencephalogram.
C)magnetic resonance image.
D)positron-emission tomograph.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?

A)cingulate gyrus
B)angular gyrus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Question 42

Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___________ and ___________ areas.

A)Wernicke's and the angular gyrus
B)fornix and Broca's
C)Broca's and Wernicke's
D)the angular gyrus and septal nuclei

Question 43

Damage to the Papez circuit prevents communication between

A)the limbic system and olfactory bulbs.
B)the limbic system and hippocampus.
C)the limbic system and the thalamus diencephalon.
D)the limbic system and the cerebrum.

Question 44

Cerebral lateralization, in which the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language and analytical ability and the right for visuospatial ability, is true for 97% of all people.

A)right
B)left

Question 45

Individuals with aphasia

A)often have damage to spinal nerves.
B)may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged.
C)often speak slowly if Wernicke's area is damaged.
D)often form nonsensical sentences if Broca's area is damaged.

Question 46

Impaired voluntary movements would suggest damage to the cerebral nuclei.

Question 47

Ablation of the amygdala and limbic system would primarily result in

A)loss of voluntary muscle contraction.
B)attenuation of aggressive behaviors.
C)loss of ability to detect olfactory inputs.
D)no noticeable effects.

Question 48

Impaired motor coordination in Parkinson's disease is often due to

A)degeneration of the red nucleus.
B)degeneration of the substantia nigra.
C)lack of regulation of the cerebral peduncles.
D)degeneration of the mesolimbic system.

Question 49

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with cerebral nuclei function?

A)dopamine
B)GABA
C)acetylcholine
D)glutamate

Question 50

What structure connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area?

A)corpus striatum
B)angular gyrus
C)arcuate fasciculus
D)corpus callosum

Question 51

Chorea is most likely to result from

A)damage to the caudate nucleus.
B)damage to the spinal ganglia.
C)damage to the occipital lobe.
D)damage to the hypothalamus.

Question 52

Permanent aphasias often occur when

A)Wernicke's area is damaged.
B)Broca's area is damaged.
C)the angular gyrus is damaged.
D)spinal nerves are damaged.

Question 53

Long-term memory is most often associated with the hypothalamus.

Question 54

The hypothalamus and the limbic system are involved in

A)aggression.
B)fear.
C)sex.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 55

Writing skills would be impaired if the ___________ cerebral hemisphere atrophied.

A)right
B)left

Question 56

Ablation of the limbic system may result in an absence of fear.

Question 57

The limbic system is considered the emotional brain.

Question 58

Destruction of Wernicke's area destroys language comprehension.

Question 59

The cerebral nuclei contain

A)the corpus striatum.
B)the supraoptic nucleus.
C)reticular formation.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

Damage to the right motor cortex will generally mean motor problems on the right side of the body.

Question 61

What type of memory is involved in learning all this material about memory?

A)semantic
B)implicit
C)episodic
D)procedural

Question 62

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory would be inhibited by

A)ablation of the pons.
B)ablation of the cerebral nuclei.
C)ablation of the hippocampus.
D)ablation of the occipital lobe.

Question 63

The limbic system, especially the ____________ and ________________, are rich in "stress hormone" receptors.

A)caudate nucleus, hippocampus
B)hippocampus, amygdala
C)cingulated gyrus, amygdala
D)septal nuclei, hippocampus

Question 64

Interpretation of auditory inputs would be most affected by

A)ablation of the intralaminar nuclei.
B)ablation of the hypothalamus.
C)ablation to the medial geniculate nuclei.
D)ablation of the lateral geniculate nuclei.

Question 65

Damaging the diencephalon would inhibit detection of sensory stimuli.

Question 66

Damage to the orbitofrontal area of the prefrontal cortex causes

A)memory deficiencies.
B)cognitive deficiencies.
C)severe impulsive/sociopathic behavior.
D)inhibited fear response.

Question 67

A circular path of neurons synapsing with one after another is called a ____ circuit.

A)recurrent
B)dendritic
C)synaptic
D)parallel

Question 68

Neurogenesis in the hippocampus may be involved in learning and memory.

Question 69

The ______ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an emotional content.

A)caudate nucleus
B)substantia nigra
C)amygdala
D)lentiform nucleus

Question 70

LTP studies have shown that protein synthesis must occur to form dendritic spines to make more permanent changes in synapses to create long-term memory.

Question 71

Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem-solving?

A)hippocampus
B)prefrontal cortex
C)amygdala
D)medial temporal lobe

Question 72

Damage to the _____ prefrontal area will cause a lack of motivation and sexual desire and deficient cognitive functions.

A)lateral
B)orbitofacial
C)posterior
D)palatine

Question 73

What ion is involved in stimulating genetic transcription needed for learning and memory?

A)Na⁺
B)K⁺
C)Ca²⁺
D)NO

Question 74

Except for the sense of ___________, all sensory information is relayed through the thalamus.

A)taste
B)vision
C)balance
D)smell

Question 75

The ___________________ consists of the dorsal diencephalon choroid plexus and the pineal gland.

A)epithalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)third ventricle

Question 76

The ___________ lobe is involved in converting short-term memory to long-term memory.

A)inferior temporal
B)inferior lateral
C)prefrontal
D)medial temporal

Question 77

MRI images of living amnesiac patients show a shrunken

A)hypothalamus.
B)epithalamus.
C)hippocampus.
D)pineal gland.

Question 78

The majority of sensory information is relayed to the cerebrum by the

A)pons.
B)thalamus.
C)hypothalamus.
D)medulla oblongata.

Question 79

The famous patient "H.M." could not remember events that occurred after his memory was damaged after he had brain surgery to treat his epilepsy.He retained his perceptual and motor skills, but lost his memory of new facts and events.Thus, H.M.'s deficit was in

A)nondeclarative or implicit memory
B)declarative or implicit memory
C)declarative or explicit memory
D)nondeclarative or explicit memory

Question 80

Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of _____ memory.

A)episodic
B)semantic
C)procedural
D)working