Deck 5: Cell Respiration and Metabolism

Question 1

How many hydrogens are released in glycolysis?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Lactic acid fermentation is also known as aerobic respiration.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration metabolism regenerates the ______________ required for glycolysis.

A)NAD
B)FAD
C)ATP
D)GTP

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to glycogen.

Question 5

Phosphorylation of glucose "traps" the glucose within a cell.

Question 6

Glycolysis is an endergonic reaction.

Question 7

To go through glycolysis, _________ ATP per glucose molecule must be "invested" in order to activate the glucose molecule.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 8

Lactic acid is the result of LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase) mediated __________ of pyruvic acid with electrons taken from NADH + H⁺.

A)oxidation
B)reduction
C)phosphorylation
D)hydrolysis

Question 9

______________ cells normally produce ATP exclusively by anaerobic respiration metabolism.

A)Red blood
B)White blood
C)Skin
D)Nerve

Question 10

Anabolic reactions do NOT

A)utilize energy.
B)synthesize molecules within cells.
C)store energy.
D)release energy.

Question 11

Catabolic reactions use energy to synthesize large molecules.

Question 12

Glycolysis results in a net gain of two ATP formed by direct _____________ of ADP molecules using phosphates taken from glycolytic intermediates.

A)phosphorylation
B)hydrolysis
C)reduction
D)oxidation

Question 13

Each pair of hydrogens generated in glycolysis are used to

A)reduce 2 molecules of NAD.
B)oxidize 2 molecules of NAD.
C)reduce 2 molecules of FAD.
D)oxidize 2 molecules of FAD.

Question 14

________ muscle is better adapted to anaerobic conditions than cardiac muscle.

A)Smooth
B)Skeletal

Question 15

Metabolism is a term that refers to all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformations.

Question 16

A total of ______________ molecules of ATP are produced by glycolysis.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 17

The final electron acceptor in aerobic cell respiration is

A)water.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)ATP.

Question 18

Glucose 6-phosphate can diffuse out of a cell.

Question 19

Glycolysis converts glucose into two ______________ molecules.

A)glycogen
B)lactic acid
C)acetyl CoA
D)pyruvic acid

Question 20

______________ reactions require energy to synthesize large molecules from small molecules.

A)Combustion
B)Catabolic
C)Anabolic
D)Decomposition

Question 21

______________ is the opposite of glycogenesis.

A)Glycolysis
B)Glyconeogenesis
C)Glycogenolysis
D)Gluconeogenesis

Question 22

Acetyl coenzyme A enables the products of glycolysis to enter the Krebs cycle.

Question 23

During the conversion of one pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme A, ______________ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide is/are produced.

A)no
B)one
C)two
D)four

Question 24

Which of the following cells relies solely on anaerobic metabolism of glucose?

A)skeletal muscle cells
B)liver cells
C)kidney cells
D)red blood cells

Question 25

______________ normally only produce ATP by aerobic respiration.

A)Red blood cells
B)Cardiac muscle cells
C)Skeletal muscle cells
D)Skin cells

Question 26

Aerobic respiration

A)uses glucose.
B)generates water.
C)Both uses glucose and generates water.
D)generates oxygen.

Question 27

The Cori cycle converts ______________ to pyruvic acid.

A)glucose
B)acetyl CoA
C)lactic acid
D)alcohol

Question 28

The Cori cycle involves formation of glucose made by gluconeogenesis in the liver from lactic acid produced by fermentation in skeletal muscles.

Question 29

What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called?

A)infarction
B)ischemic
C)necrosis
D)cramping

Question 30

Blood glucose concentrations can be maintained by hydrolysis of glycogen in the

A)liver.
B)skeletal muscle.
C)smooth muscle.
D)kidneys.

Question 31

Skeletal muscle contains glucose 6-phosphatase to produce free glucose from glucose 6-phosphate.

Question 32

To form lactic acid from pyruvic acid it is necessary to have

A)NAD.
B)FAD.
C)NADH.
D)FADH.

Question 33

Formation of the maximum number of acetyl CoA molecules from glucose produces ______________ molecules of carbon dioxide.

A)no
B)one
C)two
D)four

Question 34

In the formation of acetic acid from pyruvic acid, the oxygen in the carbon dioxide comes from oxygen gas.

Question 35

A deficiency of ______________ would limit production of coenzyme A.

A)pantothenic acid
B)linoleic acid
C)folic acid
D)thiamine

Question 36

Glucose formed from amino acids went through the process of glycogenolysis.

Question 37

Lactic acid can be used as an energetic substrate by

A)nervous tissue.
B)resting skeletal muscle.
C)the kidney.
D)the heart.

Question 38

Anaerobic respiration metabolism is triggered when the ratio of ______________ falls below a critical level.

A)carbon dioxide supply to oxygen need
B)oxygen supply to glucose need
C)glucose supply to glucose need
D)oxygen supply to oxygen need

Question 39

Coenzyme A is derived from the vitamin riboflavin.

Question 40

What percentage of energy released by aerobic respiration of glucose is captured by ATP?

A)25-30%
B)30-34%
C)38-40%
D)42-46%

Question 41

One glucose would generate ______________ NADH molecules via the Krebs cycle.

A)two
B)three
C)six
D)eight

Question 42

Acetyl CoA is

A)generated from oxaloacetate.
B)generated from pyruvate.
C)generated from citric acid.
D)generated from water.

Question 43

Energy lost during the process of aerobic cell respiration is given off as

A)carbon dioxide.
B)water.
C)oxygen.
D)metabolic heat.

Question 44

Cyanide is lethal because it blocks the oxidation of oxygen in the electron transport chain system.

Question 45

What theory explains the ability of the electron transport system to pump protons between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes?

A)tricarboxylic acid theory
B)chemiosmotic theory
C)phosphorylation theory
D)proton pump theory

Question 46

Each turn of the Krebs cycle directly produces ______________ molecule(s) of ATP.

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)no

Question 47

The Krebs cycle completes the oxidation of glucose started by glycolysis.

Question 48

The transport of protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix occurs via

A)ATP synthase.
B)transaminase.
C)lactate dehydrogenase.
D)FADH-coenzyme Q reductase complex.

Question 49

The importance of the Krebs cycle in energy production is the formation of significant amounts of

A)ATP.
B)lactic acid.
C)NADH.
D)carbon dioxide.

Question 50

The TCA cycle occurs in mitochondria.

Question 51

Oxygen is reduced by the actions of the electron transport chain.

Question 52

Acetyl CoA and NAD are the end-products of the Krebs Cycle.

Question 53

In the complete process of aerobic respiration, the major source of reduced NAD and FAD is glycolysis.

Question 54

The electron transport chain system is responsible for the production of the majority of cellular ATP.

Question 55

The electron transport chain system functions to create a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a molecule of the electron transport system?

A)coenzyme Q
B)coenzyme A
C)flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
D)cytochrome

Question 57

Which of the following is a superoxide radical?

A)an oxygen molecule with an extra, unpaired electron
B)an oxygen molecule with two paired electrons
C)hydrogen peroxide
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 58

The total amount of FADH₂ produced by one turn of the Krebs cycle is

A)one molecule.
B)two molecules.
C)15 molecules.
D)30 molecules.

Question 59

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain system is _____________.

A)NAD
B)hydrogen
C)oxygen
D)ATP

Question 60

Each turn of the Krebs cycle produces

A)2 FADH₂, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH.
B)1 FADH₂, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH.
C)3 FADH₂, 2 ATP, and 1 NADH.
D)1 FADH₂, 3 ATP, and 2 NADH.

Question 61

The hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol is called

A)lipogenesis.
B)lipolysis.
C)beta-oxidation.
D)deamination.

Question 62

The electron transport system is a series of _________ reactions.

A)composition-decomposition
B)dehydration synthesis-hydrolysis
C)oxidation-reduction
D)reversible

Question 63

On average, each FADH₂ generates 1.5 ATP in oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 64

Theoretically, complete catabolism of glucose generates a maximum of 32 ATP.

Question 65

ATP formation in the electron transport system is called

A)substrate level phosphorylation.
B)oxidative phosphorylation.
C)direct phosphorylation.
D)Both substrate level phosphorylation and direct phosphorylation are correct.

Question 66

Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the Krebs cycle?

A)glucose
B)fatty acids
C)protein
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a proton pump of the electron transport system?

A)NADH-coenzyme Q reductase complex
B)FADH-cytochrome c reductase complex
C)cytochrome c reductase complex
D)cytochrome c oxidase complex

Question 68

What structures allow H⁺ to diffuse back across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix?

A)cytochromes
B)coenzyme Q
C)respiratory assemblies
D)NADH

Question 69

The presence of elevated ATP in the cell stimulates synthesis of

A)proteins and glycogen.
B)triglycerides and proteins.
C)triglycerides and glycogen.
D)proteins and cholesterol.

Question 70

Glycolysis would be inhibited by

A)a lack of pyruvate.
B)an excess of ATP.
C)an excess of ADP.
D)a lack of oxygen.

Question 71

How many ATP would be formed from an 18 carbon fatty acid?

A)32
B)60
C)90
D)122

Question 72

Beta-oxidation produces acetyl CoA molecules from fatty acids.

Question 73

It takes four protons to produce 1 ATP that will enter the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 74

Beta-oxidation of an 18 carbon fatty acid will yield _____ acetyl CoA molecules.

A)9
B)6
C)18
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 75

ATP formation in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is called

A)substrate level phosphorylation.
B)oxidative phosphorylation.
C)direct phosphorylation.
D)Both substrate level phosphorylation and direct phosphorylation are correct.

Question 76

The majority of energy within the body is stored as triglycerides.

Question 77

How many H⁺ do the first two proton pumps of the electron transport system transport?

A)2 each
B)3 each
C)4 each
D)8 each

Question 78

The amount of energy contained in fat is

A)4 kilocalories per gram.
B)5 kilocalories per gram.
C)9 kilocalories per gram.
D)15 kilocalories per gram.

Question 79

The process of fat formation from acetyl CoA is called

A)lipogenesis.
B)lipolysis.
C)beta-oxidation.
D)deamination.

Question 80

The actual yield of ATP from 1 glucose is

A)18-20 ATP.
B)36-38 ATP.
C)30-32 ATP.
D)26-28 ATP.