Deck 12: Extension B: Personality

Question 1

You are focusing intently on the memories and feelings of the vacation you enjoyed last month.These thoughts, memories, and feelings that you are currently focused on reside in your

A)unconscious.
B)subconscious.
C)conscious.
D)preconscious.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct ordering of Freud's psychosexual stages and latency period?

A)anal, phallic, latency, oral, genital
B)oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
C)genital, latency, phallic, oral, anal
D)genital, oral, anal, phallic, latency

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Regarding the unconscious, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Unconscious thoughts, feelings, or urges may slip into behavior in disguised or symbolic form.
B)The superego operates only at the unconscious level.
C)The unconscious holds the instinctual drives of the id.
D)The brain's limbic system seems to trigger unconscious emotions and memories.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sometimes a person may feel guilty without knowing why.Psychoanalytic theory credits such guilt to _____ workings of the superego.

A)preconscious
B)conscious
C)unconscious
D)postconscious

Question 5

Which region of the mind contains information which you are not currently aware of but which you can voluntarily bring to awareness?

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)postconscious

Question 6

At each psychosexual stage, a different part of the body becomes a child's _____, which is an area capable of producing pleasure.

A)id-fixated region
B)primary archetypical region
C)primary erogenous zone
D)latency period

Question 7

Freud believed that at each psychosexual stage a different part of the body becomes

A)id-fixated.
B)archetypical.
C)an erogenous zone.
D)a source for modeling.

Question 8

In Freud's theory, development takes each child through a series of

A)psychosexual stages.
B)hedonistic sequences.
C)critical periods.
D)psychosocial stages.

Question 9

The _____ level includes everything that you are aware of at a given moment, including thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and memories.

A)unconscious
B)conscious
C)postconscious
D)preconscious

Question 10

During the first year of life, the child is said to go through the _____ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)genital
D)phallic

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct matching of the age range to the psychosexual stage/period?

A)anal stage--------birth to one year
B)genital stage-----six to 12 years
C)latency period---12 years through adulthood
D)phallic stage-----three to six years

Question 12

According to Freud, _____ is an unresolved conflict or emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence or by frustration.

A)a fixation
B)an incongruence
C)androgyny
D)a cardinal trait

Question 13

Which personality system(s) functions at all three levels of awareness?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)both the ego and superego

Question 14

You studied the night before, and now have the test in your hands.You read the first question, which asks about "Freud's three parts of the personality." Although this information is now in your conscious level of awareness, this information had resided in the _____ level until you read this question.

A)preconscious
B)ego ideal
C)unconscious
D)superego

Question 15

If you are focusing intently on your instructor's lecture, the instructor's words and gestures reside in which region of your mind?

A)unconscious
B)subconscious
C)conscious
D)preconscious

Question 16

Freud used the term _____ very broadly to refer to many physical sources of pleasure.

A)thanatos
B)psyche
C)sex or erotic
D)ego ideal

Question 17

You are talking to a new classmate.She asks you where you went to high school and if you have any brothers or sisters.According to Freud, this personal information about your life resided in the _____ until you "pulled" it up into current awareness.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)postconscious

Question 18

Freud theorized that the core of personality is formed before age six

A)in a series of psychosexual stages.
B)through social reinforcement.
C)because of conditions of worth.
D)through the development of instrumental behaviors.

Question 19

An unresolved conflict caused by overindulgence or by frustration is called

A)neurotic anxiety.
B)fixation.
C)moral anxiety.
D)a personality conflict.

Question 20

The part of the mind that includes all mental contents that a person is currently aware of at any given moment is called

A)the unconscious.
B)the conscious.
C)the postconscious.
D)the preconscious.

Question 21

The _____, which is between the ages of three and six, can lead to adulthood traits of vanity, exhibitionism, and narcissism, according to Freud.

A)latency period
B)genital stage
C)anal stage
D)phallic stage

Question 22

Paul is so disorganized that his room looks like a tornado went through it.When he gets angry, he often breaks objects and can be very cruel to others.According to Freud, Paul has an _____ personality.

A)oral dependent
B)oral aggressive
C)anal retentive
D)anal expulsive

Question 23

Jarrod is described as a super "neat-freak" and a cheapskate.He drives his roommate crazy lining up his books on the shelves and his toiletries in the bathroom.Jarrod gets very upset if anyone rearranges anything or makes a mess.According to Freud, Jarrod has an _____ personality.

A)oral dependent
B)oral aggressive
C)anal retentive
D)anal expulsive

Question 24

Freud believed that a male preschool child felt threatened by his father because he was afraid the father would

A)reject him emotionally.
B)castrate him.
C)isolate him from his mother.
D)murder him.

Question 25

Freud believed that boys identify with their fathers in order to resolve the _____ conflict.

A)Animus
B)Electra
C)Oedipus
D)Persona

Question 26

Vickie is a very passive individual that is overly trusting and needs lots of attention.Freud would have said that Vickie has an _____ personality.

A)oral dependent
B)oral aggressive
C)anal retentive
D)anal expulsive

Question 27

The overly neat and orderly person is described by Freud as being _____, while the messy and disorderly person is described by Freud as being _____.

A)oral dependent; oral aggressive
B)anal retentive; anal expulsive
C)a latency personality; a phallic personality
D)anal expulsive; oral aggressive

Question 28

Between the ages of one and three years, the child is said to go through the _____ stage.

A)phallic
B)latency
C)anal
D)genital

Question 29

According to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the

A)anal stage.
B)oral stage.
C)phallic stage.
D)genital stage.

Question 30

If a person likes to argue, is cynical, and exploits others, he or she may be fixated at the _____ stage and have an _____ personality.

A)anal; anal-retentive
B)oral; oral-aggressive
C)anal; anal-expulsive
D)oral; oral-dependent

Question 31

Phyllis tends to wear very revealing clothing, spends a great deal of time on her appearance, is constantly "fishing" for compliments, and is easily hurt if someone does not compliment her beauty and fashion sense on a daily basis.According to Freud, Phyllis was fixated at the

A)anal stage.
B)phallic stage.
C)latency period.
D)genital stage.

Question 32

If a person is gullible, passive, and needs lots of attention, he or she may be fixated at the _____ stage and have an _____ personality.

A)anal; anal-retentive
B)oral; oral-aggressive
C)anal; anal-expulsive
D)oral; oral-dependent

Question 33

In Freudian theory, _____ refers to a preschool boy's attraction to his mother and feelings of rivalry with his father.

A)the Electra complex
B)the Oedipus complex
C)incongruence
D)the genital stage

Question 34

According to Freud, the successful resolution of the Oedipal and Electra conflicts ends when the child uses _____, which allows the child to take on the values and behaviors of the same-sex parent.

A)fixation
B)congruence
C)compensation
D)identification

Question 35

If a person exhibits nail biting, gum chewing, smoking, or overeating when anxious, Freud would have said that the person was fixated during the _____ stage.

A)anal
B)oral
C)phallic
D)latency

Question 36

Your roommate is constantly cleaning your apartment and picking up after you, even though you're not really very messy.Whenever you ask to borrow one of his books or CDs, he usually refuses and only agrees reluctantly, needing to make sure that you don't bend or break anything.According to Freud, your roommate is

A)anal-expulsive.
B)phallic.
C)anal-retentive.
D)oral-dependent.

Question 37

During the first year of life, a child goes through the _____ stage, according to Freud.While between the ages of one and three years, the child is said to go through the _____ stage.

A)phallic; oral
B)latency; phallic
C)anal; phallic
D)oral; anal

Question 38

Branden's comedy act would be characterized as being a combination of cynicism and biting sarcasm.Off-stage Branden tends to be very argumentative.According to Freud, Branden would be an _____ personality.

A)oral dependent
B)oral aggressive
C)anal retentive
D)anal expulsive

Question 39

In an old movie, there were two friends who were always at odds with each other because one was compulsively neat and orderly, while his friend was extremely messy and disorganized.According to Freud, both men were fixated in the _____ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)genital
D)phallic

Question 40

When a preschool girl competes with her mother for her father's affection, Freud said that the little girl was experiencing

A)the Electra complex.
B)the Oedipus complex.
C)incongruence.
D)the genital stage.

Question 41

From age six to puberty, the best word to describe psychosexual development is

A)tumultuous.
B)introspective.
C)rapid.
D)dormant.

Question 42

Regarding Freud's theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Even though there has been criticisms of Freud's theories, the fact remains that there is an element of truth to much of what he said.
B)Some clinical psychologists continue to regard Freudian theory as a useful way to think about human problems.
C)Because his theory has led to numerous predictions about human nature, it has been verified scientifically.
D)Society's tendency to disbelieve molested children and women who were raped can be traced to Freud's tendency to disbelieve his patients when they related these incidents.

Question 43

According to Freud, the _____ begins with an upswing in sexual energies, which activates all the unresolved conflicts of earlier years and results in the adolescent being filled with emotion and turmoil.

A)phallic stage
B)genital stage
C)latency period
D)stage of incongruence

Question 44

Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory has been challenged by new research?

A)the identification of feeding, toilet training, and early sexual experiences as critical events in personality formation
B)his proposition that development proceeds through a series of stages
C)his idea that the first years of life help shape adult personality
D)his portrayal of the elementary school years as free from sexuality and unimportant for personality development

Question 45

One of Freud's major contributions was his

A)belief that the first years of life help to shape personality.
B)belief in the concept of libido, sexual desires, and biological instincts.
C)discovery of complexes during the genital stage.
D)elaboration of the humanistic approach to personality development.

Question 46

_____ psychosocial stages, which over development from birth to old age, are a modern offshoot of Freudian thinking.

A)Jean Piaget's
B)Abraham Maslow's
C)Erik Erikson's
D)Carl Roger's

Question 47

Those followers of Freud who stayed close to the core of Freud's thinking are called

A)neo-Freudians.
B)humanists.
C)cognitive-behaviorists.
D)Gestalt psychologists.

Question 48

Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on

A)the over-emphasis on sexuality in personality development.
B)Freud's treatment of father-daughter relationship.
C)the need for a stern or threatening mother in the development of conscience.
D)the unimportance of the first years of life in the formation of personality.

Question 49

Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory has NOT been challenged by new research?

A)his portrayal of the elementary school years as free from sexuality and unimportant for personality development
B)his idea that a stern or threatening father was important in the development of a strong conscience in males
C)his identification of feeding, toilet training, and early sexual experiences as critical events in personality formation
D)his belief that patients' reports of sexual abuse were really childhood fantasies

Question 50

For Freud, the time during which psychosexual development is interrupted is called the

A)phallic stage.
B)latency period.
C)Oedipal period.
D)genital stage.

Question 51

Freud's belief that women do not develop as strong a conscience as men

A)has been thoroughly rejected by modern experts in the psychology of women.
B)is best understood as a reflection of the male-dominated times in which Freud lived.
C)originated from his interpretation of how males and females resolve the Oedipus and Electra complexes.
D)include all of these.

Question 52

Which of the following was a contribution of Freudian developmental theory?

A)The early years are major determinants of adult personality.
B)Development varies from individual to individual.
C)There are personality conflicts that will cause a person to develop normally.
D)Development is continuous and a matter of quantitative rather than qualitative changes.

Question 53

According to Freud, because they already feel castrated, females are less driven to identify with their mothers than boys are with their fathers.Because of this, females are less effective in creating

A)an ego.
B)congruence.
C)a conscience.
D)a fixation.

Question 54

Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory has NOT been challenged by new research?

A)Freud's emphasis on sexuality in personality development
B)the role of a stern father in the development of a strong conscience
C)verifying Freud's findings scientifically and using them for prediction
D)the importance of the first years of life in the formation of personality

Question 55

According to Freud, children from age six to puberty experience a quiet, settled time when psychosexual development is dormant.This is the _____ period.

A)phallic
B)anal
C)latency
D)genital

Question 56

The normal development of a male locked in an Oedipal rivalry would be expected to occur when

A)he finds a substitute source of sexual gratification.
B)his superego overpowers the sexual impulses of his id.
C)he comes to identify with his father and accepts his values.
D)he becomes fixated at the phallic stage of development.

Question 57

According to Freud, _____ begins at puberty and ends with the person having a mature capacity for love and the realization of full adult sexuality.

A)genital stage
B)organismic valuing
C)phallic stage
D)self-actualization

Question 58

According to Freud, a male child's failure to resolve the Oedipal conflict would interfere with the development of a

A)competitive lifestyle.
B)phallic personality.
C)strong id.
D)conscience.

Question 59

Freud has been criticized regarding

A)his portrayal of the elementary school years as free from sexuality and unimportant for personality development.
B)his assumption that patients who said they had been sexually molested as children were merely relating childhood fantasies.
C)his concepts being impossible to verify scientifically.
D)all of these.

Question 60

Those followers of Freud, called the _____, accepted the broad features of Freud's theory, but revised parts of it.

A)neo-Freudians.
B)humanists.
C)cognitive-behaviorists.
D)Gestalt psychologists.

Question 61

In Adler's view, the main driving force in personality is a striving for _____, that is, a struggle to overcome weaknesses and a drive for competence.

A)perfection
B)sophistication
C)introspection
D)superiority

Question 62

_____ embraced most, but not all of, Freud's theory, while _____ broke away more completely from Freud and created his or her own opposing theory.

A)Fromm; Jung
B)Adler; Horney
C)Rogers; Maslow
D)Mischel; Rotter

Question 63

According to Adler, the pattern of personality and behavior that defines the pathway each person takes through life is called his or her

A)archetype.
B)style of life.
C)mode of interaction (toward, away, or against others)
D)persona (or "mask").

Question 64

Because we begin life as small, weak, and relatively powerless children surrounded by more powerful adults, Adler believed that everyone

A)experiences feelings of inferiority.
B)has a tendency to move away from others.
C)has a collective unconscious.
D)creates persona (or "mask") to hide behind in our daily lives.

Question 65

_____ disagreed with Freud's emphasis on the unconscious and the importance of sexuality and biological instincts and believed that people are social creatures governed by social urges, such as striving for superiority.

A)Alfred Adler
B)Carl Jung
C)Anna Freud
D)Karen Horney

Question 66

Because Marta has always felt that she could not express her ideas and feelings verbally, she has immersed herself in her art work.Adler would say that Marta

A)has chosen the mode of interaction in which she moves away from people.
B)repressed her shortcomings into her collective unconscious, a source of her creativity.
C)is overcoming her feelings of inferiority by compensating for her weakness in verbal expression.
D)has substituted her animus for her anima style of life.

Question 67

The greatest similarity of viewpoint exists between Freud and

A)Skinner.
B)Horney.
C)Allport.
D)Rogers.

Question 68

According to _____, the main striving of personality is for superiority.

A)Carl Jung
B)Alfred Adler
C)Karen Horney
D)Erich Fromm

Question 69

_____ embraced most, but not all of, Freud's theory, while _____ broke away more completely from Freud and created his or her own opposing theory.

A)Horney; Adler
B)Adler; Horney
C)Rogers; Maslow
D)Maslow; Rogers

Question 70

Which personality theorist strongly rejected Sigmund Freud's claim that males are dominant or superior to females and Freud's claim that "anatomy is destiny"?

A)Adler
B)Horney
C)Jung
D)Fromm

Question 71

In Adler's view, each person tries to compensate for different limitations by chooses a different _____ in striving for superiority.

A)archetype
B)style of life
C)mode of interaction (toward, away, or against others)
D)persona (or "mask")

Question 72

What do the following personality theorists have in common: Karen Horney, Otto Rank, and Erich Fromm?

A)They were all humanists.
B)They were all neo-Freudians.
C)They were all considered cognitive-behaviorists.
D)They all followed Rogers' orientation toward personality.

Question 73

What do the following personality theorists have in common: Alfred Adler, Harry Sullivan, and Carl Jung?

A)They were all considered behaviorists or cognitive-behaviorists.
B)They all followed Rogers' orientation toward personality.
C)They all accepted the core concepts of Freud's theories with minor revisions.
D)They were early followers of Freud who broke away completely from Freud and created their own opposing theories.

Question 74

Later in his life, Adler began to emphasize the existence of a(n) _____, which develops as people construct their personalities through choices and experiences.

A)compensation archetype
B)ideal self
C)creative self
D)collective unconscious

Question 75

According to Adler, _____ involves trying to make up for certain limitations or weaknesses.

A)instinctuality
B)fixation
C)compensation
D)archetypal development

Question 76

Adler believed that valuable clues to a person's _____ are revealed by the earliest memory that can be recalled.

A)archetype
B)style of life
C)mode of interaction (toward, away, or against others)
D)persona (or "mask")

Question 77

Many of Freud's followers disagreed with his theory because he placed too much emphasis on

A)instinctual drives and sexuality.
B)psychosocial stages of development.
C)environmental influences.
D)cross-cultural viewpoints.

Question 78

According to Adler, the _____ is the "artist" in each of us that creates a unique identity and style of life

A)archetype
B)ideal self
C)creative self
D)collective unconscious

Question 79

Which of the following would NOT be considered a Neo-Freudian?

A)Karen Horney
B)Anna Freud
C)Erich Fromm
D)Julian Rotter

Question 80

_____ remained faithful to most of Freud's theory, but resisted his more mechanistic, biological, and instinctual ideas, especially Freud's claim that "anatomy is destiny."

A)Rotter
B)Horney
C)Allport
D)Jung