Deck 11: Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

Ms.Garratt, the health teacher at the junior high, is explaining the differences in male and female reproductive characteristics as well as the differences in males and females regarding their chromosomes.Ms.Garratt is teaching the class about

A)gender identity.
B)gender roles.
C)sex differences.
D)gender differences.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In differentiating between the terms sex and gender,

A)sex refers to biological aspects of identity, and gender refers to psychological and social identity.
B)both terms gender and sex refer to one's sociocultural identity.
C)sex refers to sociocultural identity, and gender refers to biological identity.
D)none of these represent the terms correctly.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A person with a deep conflict between his or her biological sex and preferred psychological and social gender roles is referred to as

A)gender dysfunctional.
B)homosexual.
C)transsexual.
D)bisexual.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

_____ is one's biological classification as female or male.

A)Sex
B)Gender
C)Androgyny
D)Genetic gender potential

Question 5

Regarding the dimensions of sex, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Gonadal sex refers to the ovaries or testes.
B)Genetic sex involves the XX or XY chromosome pairs.
C)Genital sex refers to the clitoris and vagina in females and the penis and scrotum in males.
D)Hormonal sex involves the thyroid glands in the female and the parathyroid glands in the male.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the four dimensions of sex listed in your textbook?

A)genetic sex
B)androgynous sex
C)hormonal sex
D)gonadal sex

Question 7

Two important aspects of gender are

A)gender roles and gender identity.
B)sexual scripts and sexual orientation.
C)instrumental behaviors and expressive behaviors.
D)one's primary sexual characteristics and one's secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 8

_____ is the psychological and social characteristics associated with being male or female.

A)The sexual script
B)Genetic gender potential
C)Sex
D)Gender

Question 9

Michelle experienced such a deep conflict between her biological sex of male and her preferred gender role as a female that she had a "sex change" operation to become female.Michelle

A)has a gender paraphilia.
B)has a heterophobia.
C)would be considered transsexual.
D)would be considered bisexual.

Question 10

After Gabe started out life biologically as a female named Gabrielle, he always felt that psychologically he was male, so he had a sex change operation and now lives as a male.Gabe

A)has a gender paraphilia.
B)has a heterophobia.
C)would be considered bisexual.
D)would be considered transsexual.

Question 11

Genital sex refers to

A)XX chromosomes in females and XY chromosomes in males.
B)ovaries in females and the testes in males.
C)preponderance of estrogens in females and androgens in males.
D)vagina and clitoris in females and the penis and scrotum in males..

Question 12

Sex as indicated by a preponderance of estrogens (female) or androgens (male) in the body refers to

A)genetic sex.
B)gonadal sex.
C)hormonal sex.
D)gender identity.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding sex and gender is FALSE?

A)Both sex and gender have a large impact on our relationships, health and other aspects of our everyday lives.
B)According to your text, gender has more determinants than sex.
C)Gender differences refer to biological characteristics, while sex differences refer to psychological and social factors.
D)The case of Michelle in the introduction illustrates the complexity of sexual identity.

Question 14

Four-year-old Maggie tells her grandmother that she knows that girls grow up to be "mommies," and they are very good at taking care of other people, while boys are brave and grow up to marry girls and get jobs and protect their families.Maggie is describing what she understands about the _____ of males and females.

A)sex differences
B)gender differences
C)sexual scripts
D)biological biasing effects

Question 15

Mrs.Hathorne, the tenth grade biology teacher, is explaining to her class that the 23^rd pair of chromosomes is different in males and females.Males have an XY, and females have an XX.Mrs.Hathorne is describing which dimension of sex?

A)androgyny
B)gender identity
C)genetic sex
D)genital sex

Question 16

Regarding the dimensions of sex, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)XX chromosomes initiate development of a male, and an XY pair produces a female.
B)Genetic sex is determined at the instant of conception.
C)Genetic sex switches three or four times prior to birth.
D)Gender identity develops in the womb.

Question 17

Which of the following describes the term sex (as opposed to term gender)?

A)gender identity
B)secondary sexual attitudes
C)biological sexual characteristics
D)roles of males and females in society

Question 18

The dimension of sex which refers to X and Y chromosomes is called

A)gonadal sex.
B)inherited sex.
C)genital sex.
D)genetic sex.

Question 19

Sex as indicated by the presence of ovaries (female) or testes (male) refers to

A)genetic sex.
B)gonadal sex.
C)hormonal sex.
D)genital sex.

Question 20

Concerning genetic sex, females have _____, while males have _____.

A)XXY; XXX
B)XY; XX
C)XX; XY
D)the absence of an X; the presence of an X

Question 21

A child with Klinefelter's syndrome

A)is considered to be genetically female.
B)has only one X chromosome and no additional X or Y chromosome.
C)will appear feminine, have undersized sexual organs, and be infertile.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 22

Critical to the prenatal development of the male and female anatomy is the

A)presence of an extra chromosome at pair 21 in males.
B)secretion of estrogen and other hormones by the adrenal glands.
C)hormonal stimulation of various brain structures during the embryonic period.
D)presence or absence of testosterone before birth.

Question 23

A child with Turner's syndrome

A)is considered to be genetically male.
B)has only one X chromosome and no additional X or Y chromosome.
C)is considered to be transsexual.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 24

A child that is born with an XXY combination of chromosomes is genetically considered to

A)have Turner's syndrome.
B)have Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)be androgynous.
D)be bisexual.

Question 25

The male sperm carries

A)only X chromosomes.
B)only Y chromosomes.
C)an X chromosomes in half of the man's sperm and a Y chromosomes in the other half.
D)both an X and a Y chromosome in each sperm cell.

Question 26

Four-year-old Mitzi is watching her mother change her little cousin Jeffrey's diaper.She immediately notices that Jeffrey looks differently under the diaper and questions her mother.Her mother tells her that little boys have a "penis," while little girls have a "vagina." Mitzi's mother has just explained _____ to Mitzi.

A)gender identity
B)gonadal sex
C)genital sex
D)all of these

Question 27

There is no structural difference between males and females in the first _____ of prenatal development.

A)trimester
B)six weeks
C)twelve weeks
D)four months

Question 28

A child that is born with an XY pair of chromosomes is genetically considered to

A)have Turner's syndrome.
B)have Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)be male.
D)be female.

Question 29

A child with Klinefelter's syndrome

A)is considered to be genetically male.
B)has an XXY combination of chromosomes.
C)will appear feminine, have undersized sexual organs, and be infertile.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 30

The female ovum carries

A)only X chromosomes.
B)only Y chromosomes.
C)an X chromosomes in half of the ova and a Y chromosomes in the other half.
D)both an X and a Y chromosome in each ovum.

Question 31

Regarding sex hormones, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Everyone normally produces both estrogens and androgens.
B)Sex differences are related to the proportion of estrogens and androgens in the body.
C)Prenatal development of male or female anatomy is largely due to the presence or absence of estrogen.
D)The adrenal hormones also supply sex hormones in both females and male.

Question 32

A child with Turner's syndrome

A)is considered to be genetically female.
B)has only one X chromosome and no additional X or Y chromosome.
C)may appear boyish as an adolescent and also will be infertile.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 33

A child that is born with an XX pair of chromosomes is genetically considered to

A)have Turner's syndrome.
B)have Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)be male.
D)be female.

Question 34

Mr.Mears, the science teacher, explains to his class that females have ovaries that produce estrogens, while the male testes produce testosterone.Mr.Mears has just explained both _____ and _____ to his class.

A)genital sex; gender identity
B)gonadal sex; hormonal sex
C)hormonal sex; genital sex
D)genital sex; gonadal sex

Question 35

Regarding the dimensions of sex, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Gonadal sex is determined by the presence of the clitoris and vagina in females and the penis and scrotum in males.
B)Genetic sex is determined at the instant of conception.
C)Genetic sex remains the same throughout life.
D)Some individuals begin life with too many or too few sex chromosomes..

Question 36

Karen was born with only one X chromosome and no additional X chromosome or Y chromosome.As an adolescent, she may appear boyish and will most likely be infertile.Karen

A)has Turner's syndrome.
B)has Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)would be considered androgynous.
D)would be considered transsexual.

Question 37

Roger was born with an XXY chromosome combination.As a result, when he matures, he may appear feminine, have undersized sexual organs, and be infertile.Roger

A)has Turner's syndrome.
B)has Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)would be considered transsexual.
D)would be considered bisexual.

Question 38

A child that is born with only one X chromosome and no additional X or Y chromosomes is genetically considered to

A)have Turner's syndrome.
B)have Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)be androgynous.
D)be transsexual.

Question 39

Concerning sexual development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Development of male or female genitals before birth is due to the presence or absence of estrogen.
B)If a Y chromosome is present, the testes develop in the embryo and supply testosterone.
C)Sexual differences are determined by the balance of androgens and estrogens.
D)In the absence of testosterone, the embryo will develop female organs and genitals, regardless of genetic sex.

Question 40

Development of male genitals before birth is largely due to the presence of _____ in the male.

A)two X chromosomes
B)testosterone
C)estrogens
D)the bulbo-urethral gland

Question 41

When an otherwise genetic female child is born with male genitals because of an over-secretion of androgen, the condition is called the

A)androgenital syndrome.
B)androprogestin syndrome.
C)gender defect syndrome.
D)sex-biasing effect.

Question 42

The anti-miscarriage drug progestin and a problem known as androgenital syndrome may cause a developing female to

A)develop Turner's syndrome.
B)become masculinized.
C)develop Klinefelter's syndrome.
D)reach puberty as early as six years of age.

Question 43

Elaine has just had a baby.The doctor tells her that her baby is intersexual.This means that Elaine's baby

A)has ambiguous sexual anatomy.
B)has no internal reproductive organs.
C)has no external reproductive organs.
D)will most likely become bisexual or homosexual as an adult.

Question 44

Critics of early sex assignment believe that

A)it is better for individuals to accept who they are and realize that some bodies do not neatly fit into the categories of male and female.
B)it is better to wait until adulthood and let the intersexual individual choose for themselves whether or not to have sex reassignment.
C)intersexual people may feel damaged when they find out that their bodies were surgically altered without their permission.
D)all of these statements are true.

Question 45

Regarding sex reassignment, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Sex reassignment is performed in order to treat cases of transsexuality and intersexuality.
B)Surgery is done in sex reassignments to reconfigure the external appearance of the genitals and hormone treatments shift the chemical balance in the body.
C)During sex reassignments, a deliberate effort is often made to transform the person's sense of gender identity.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 46

Regarding sexual development, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Prenatal growth does not always match genetic sex.
B)A genetic male will not develop male genitals if too little testosterone is available.
C)If a genetic male has an inherited androgen insensitivity, male genitals will not develop even when testosterone is present.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 47

Regarding intersexual development, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)A developing female may be masculinized by a problem known as androgenital syndrome.
B)If androgen insensitivity exists, a genetic male can develop into a female.
C)A developing female may be masculinized by the anti-miscarriage drug progestin.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 48

_____ are chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands.

A)Hormones
B)Neurotransmitters
C)Menarches
D)Teratogens

Question 49

Female development may even occur when testosterone is present if the male child has an inherited condition that makes him unresponsive to testosterone.This inherited condition is known as

A)androgenital syndrome.
B)gender biasing.
C)biological biasing.
D)androgen insensitivity.

Question 50

Defects in sexual development that result in dual or ambiguous sexual anatomy produce a condition called

A)an intersexual person.
B)transexuality.
C)transvestitism.
D)the biological biasing effect.

Question 51

An intersexual person has

A)no androgens present.
B)no internal sexual organs.
C)no external reproductive organs.
D)ambiguous sexual anatomy.

Question 52

An excess of androgen during the fetal development of a female may produce

A)genitals that are more male than female.
B)a genetic male.
C)an over-development of secondary sexual characteristics.
D)a premature menarche.

Question 53

The fact that trying to assign gender is not always successful suggests that

A)the surgery was not performed early enough.
B)the child did not receive follow-up hormones during childhood and adolescence.
C)prenatal hormones may cause the genitals to mature differently as the child reaches puberty.
D)the best course of treatment for intersexual persons may be different for different persons.

Question 54

A developing female may be masculinized by the anti-miscarriage drug _____ or by a problem known as _____.

A)progestin; androgenital syndrome
B)progestin; androgen insensitivity
C)thalidomide; androgenital syndrome
D)thalidomide; androgen insensitivity

Question 55

Regarding sexual development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Genetic sex determines genital sex.
B)Genetic sex is determined at conception.
C)Nature's primary impulse is to make a female.
D)In the absence of testosterone, embryos develop female sex organs.

Question 56

Androgen insensitivity in the presence of testosterone results in

A)female development.
B)male development.
C)gender biasing.
D)bisexuality.

Question 57

Concerning early sex assignment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Supporters of early sex assignment argue that the benefits usually outweigh the long-term psychological costs.
B)Individuals who have had early sex assignment with their genitals surgically "corrected" are required to be told when they reach puberty so that further treatment can be done.
C)In some cases, a child who is biologically male, but raised as a girl, will insist that she is a boy.
D)Some early sex assignments have been done because of severe injury to the newborn's genitals.

Question 58

An inherited disorder in which male embryos fail to develop male genitals because of an unresponsiveness to testosterone refers to

A)gender biasing effect.
B)androgen insensitivity.
C)androgenital syndrome.
D)biological biasing effect.

Question 59

In the androgenital syndrome, the child's body produces estrogen, but a genetic abnormality causes the _____ to release too much androgens.

A)pituitary gland
B)ovaries
C)adrenal glands
D)Cowper's gland

Question 60

Intersexual persons have

A)ambiguous sexual anatomy.
B)a very high sex drive.
C)no sex drive at all.
D)no external reproductive organs.

Question 61

Secondary sexual characteristics include

A)the development of breasts and body shape in the female and changes in hair development and voice in the male.
B)the sexual and reproductive organs in males and females.
C)the development of appropriate sex roles.
D)menarche and menopause in women.

Question 62

Menarche is to menopause as

A)onset is to cessation of menstruation.
B)androgen is to estrogen hormones.
C)testes are to ovaries.
D)male is to female.

Question 63

Which of the following occurs first developmentally?

A)gender identity
B)secondary sexual characteristics
C)primary sexual characteristics
D)reproductive maturity

Question 64

Secondary sex characteristics include

A)breast development.
B)the growth of body hair.
C)the deepening of the male voice.
D)all of these.

Question 65

The gonads are the

A)biological name for the sex cells.
B)biological term for sex hormones.
C)sex glands.
D)single determinant of gender.

Question 66

Sex hormones are also supplied by the

A)adrenal glands.
B)pineal gland.
C)thalamus
D)thyroid glands.

Question 67

The _____ affect(s) sexual development and behavior by secreting estrogens and androgens.

A)gonads
B)pituitary gland
C)thyroid glands
D)pineal gland

Question 68

_____ refer to the sexual and reproductive organs themselves: the vagina, ovaries, and uterus in females and the penis, testes, and scrotum in males.

A)Primary sexual characteristics
B)Secondary sexual characteristics
C)Biological biasing effect
D)Gender differences

Question 69

Mrs.Holstein, the sex education teacher, tells the class that at puberty, changes will begin to occur in the bodies of both males and females.Females will experience breast development, their hips will broaden, and their overall body shape will change.Males will grow facial hair and their voices will deepen.Mrs.Holstein is explaining

A)primary sex characteristics.
B)secondary sex characteristics.
C)the biological biasing effect.
D)the unfolding of the sexual scripts.

Question 70

Which of the following is the term for female hormones?

A)androgens
B)testosterone
C)adrenaline
D)estrogens

Question 71

The gonads in the male are the _____, while the female gonads are the _____.

A)Cowper's glands; Bartholin glands
B)pineal glands; uterus and cervix
C)testes; ovaries
D)vas deferens; fallopian tubes

Question 72

A major sign of puberty in women is the onset of menstruation, called

A)menopause.
B)ovulation.
C)menarche.
D)estrogen.

Question 73

Sex hormones are NOT secreted by the

A)testes.
B)thyroid glands.
C)ovaries.
D)adrenal glands.

Question 74

Regarding secondary sexual characteristics, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Secondary sexual characteristics occur in response to hormonal signals from the pituitary gland.
B)Secondary sexual characteristics involve more superficial physical features of the body.
C)Secondary sexual characteristics appear at the time of birth.
D)Secondary sexual characteristics signal that the individual is biologically ready for reproduction.

Question 75

In explaining the "facts of life" to her daughter, a mother explains that her daughter will soon begin to menstruate, which is called

A)ovulation.
B)menarche.
C)menopause.
D)puberty.

Question 76

Androgens are

A)male sex hormones.
B)female sex hormones.
C)male reproductive structures.
D)female reproductive structures.

Question 77

Primary sexual characteristics refer to

A)all those physical structures and psychological traits influenced by the sex hormones.
B)the development of breasts and body shape in the female, and changes in hair development and voice in the male.
C)the sexual and reproductive organs themselves.
D)the psychological and social characteristics associated with being male or female.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT an example of a primary sexual characteristic?

A)vagina
B)penis
C)scrotum
D)breasts

Question 79

Female hormones are to estrogens as male hormones are to

A)androgens.
B)gonads.
C)menarches.
D)histogen.

Question 80

The hormones from the _____ glands add to the production of sex hormones in both males and females.

A)adrenal
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)pineal