Deck 10: Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Eating a salty meal causes an extracellular thirst.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Bloom's study of top performers found their success was due mainly to their natural talent that emerged on its own.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Individuals who have alexithymia are unable to name their own emotions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Researchers destroy Roger the rat's ventromedial hypothalamus.This damage is likely to cause Roger the rat to overeat and become obese.

Question 5

If your body is dehydrated, but you are not thirsty, we would say that you have a drive, but not a need.

Question 6

Sex is considered a primary motive because it is necessary for individual survival.

Question 7

People who have had their stomachs surgically removed still experience hunger.

Question 8

People engaged in sports, such as wrestling, pole vaulting, high jumping, and cycling, are less likely to develop eating disorders.

Question 9

Needs for power, affiliation, approval, status, security, and achievement are referred to as learned motives.

Question 10

The most direct cure for test anxiety is to overprepare for the test.

Question 11

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, optimum performance occurs at higher levels of arousal for simple tasks and lower levels of arousal for complex tasks.

Question 12

Since Jerry's main goal in life is to make lots of money, psychologists would describe Jerry as having a high need for achievement.

Question 13

People who are low sensation seekers tend to be orderly, nurturant, and giving, and tend to enjoy the company of others.

Question 14

The value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need is known as its homeostatic value.

Question 15

The lowest needs in Maslow's hierarchy of motives could be accurately described as growth needs.

Question 16

Pain avoidance is unusual among the primary motives because it is cyclic rather than episodic.

Question 17

Jet lag is worse when you fly west, and usually takes about a day to get over.

Question 18

"Yo-yo dieting" can dramatically raise the body's metabolic rate.

Question 19

Sandra became very ill after eating a coconut pie.The next time she sees a coconut pie, she experiences nausea from just looking at the pie.Sandra's taste aversion occurred through operant conditioning.

Question 20

People who diet intensely every other day lose as much as those who diet moderately every day.

Question 21

The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating is called the____________________.

Question 22

Shana gorges on food and then vomits or takes laxatives to avoid gaining weight.Shana would most likely be diagnosed with ____________________.

Question 23

Feeling dizzy or fainting at the sight of a traumatic injury occurs as a result of a sympathetic underreaction that lowers blood pressure too much.

Question 24

Recordings of brain activity show that it is impossible to experience positive and negative emotions at the same time.

Question 25

Emotional intelligence involves the ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions.

Question 26

The maintenance of steady states of temperature and blood pressure are examples of ____________________.

Question 27

The James-Lange theory of emotion holds that emotional feelings, arousal, and behavior are generated simultaneously by the brain.

Question 28

If you have sweated a great deal from exercising, a slightly salty liquid will more readily satisfy your ____________________ thirst.

Question 29

According to positive psychology, negative emotions tend to narrow our focus, while positive emotions tend to broaden our focus.

Question 30

A chemical called ____________________ is released by the intestines and causes eating to cease.

Question 31

If Margie studies her college course in order to get good grades and praise from her parents, she would be described as being intrinsically motivated.

Question 32

Desirable goals may motivate behavior in the absence of an internal need.This property is known as a goal's ____________________.

Question 33

Male babies start out life more emotionally expressive than female babies.

Question 34

Lie detectors (polygraphs) cannot tell the difference in lying and anxiety.

Question 35

____________________ refers to the dynamics of behavior, that is, the ways in which our actions are initiated, directed, sustained, and terminated.

Question 36

The ____________________ is a part of the brain that has cells that respond to blood sugar levels to regulate hunger.

Question 37

Carrie begins implementing a routine in which she keeps track of her calories, uses learning techniques to control her eating habits, and starts exercising.According to your textbook, Carrie has begun a(n) ____________________ program

Question 38

Biological needs that must be met for survival are called ____________________ motives.

Question 39

Asian cultures tend to express the emotion of anger less and regard it as less "natural" than do Western cultures.

Question 40

When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter, they tend to add anger, frustration, and fear to the situation and inadvertently intensify the couple's feelings of "love." This situation is best explained by the attribution theory of emotion.

Question 41

When Patricia almost stepped on a snake, she experienced physiological arousal, reacted, and felt fear simultaneously, which illustrates the ____________________ theory of emotion.
or

Question 42

Illustrators tend to decrease when a person is lying, while ____________________ tend to increase when a person is lying.

Question 43

The part of the brain known as the ____________________ may explain why people who suffer from phobias and disabling anxiety often feel afraid without knowing why.

Question 44

____________________ are low intensity states that can last for many hours, or even days, can affect day-to-day behavior, and are closely tied to circadian rhythms.

Question 45

According to Maslow, _____________________ is the highest need and is at the top of his hierarchy of human motives.
or

Question 46

Zuckerman developed a test to measure the particular levels of arousal that different people find comfortable.He called his test the ______________________.
or

Question 47

Amy enjoys challenges, takes moderate risks, and always strives to meet the goals that she sets for herself.Amy would be described as having a high need for ____________________.

Question 48

____________________ refers to a combination of skills, including empathy, self-control, self-awareness, sensitivity to the feelings of others, persistence, and self-motivation.

Question 49

According to the _____________________ Law, if a task if relatively simple, it is best for arousal to be higher, while arousal should be lower for more complex tasks.
or

Question 50

People who reads books because they enjoy reading and expanding their knowledge of the world would be ____________________ motivated.

Question 51

The ____________________ effect is a pattern of sexual behavior seen in animals in which a male animal will resume sexual activity when a new sexual partner is provided.

Question 52

If the polygraph examiner asks you, "Is your phone number....?" the examiner is asking a(n) ____________________ question.

Question 53

Carl always seems to wear the latest fashion, drives a sporty car, is seen at all the important events, and only associates with the most popular people on campus.McClelland would say that Carl has a high need for ____________________.

Question 54

The ____________________ theory explains how skydiving, rock climbing, ski jumping, and other hazardous pursuits become reinforcing.
or

Question 55

The period during which female animals are sexually receptive is called ____________________.

Question 56

____________________ is the study of communication through body movement, posture, gestures, and facial expressions.

Question 57

The ____________________ nervous system is also known as the "fight-or-flight" system.

Question 58

The ____________________ theory of emotion explains that emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues.
or
or

Question 59

Monkeys will quickly learn to solve a mechanical puzzle without being given food treats or other external rewards, which illustrates the importance of the ____________________ drives to explore and manipulate one's surroundings.

Question 60

The theory that explains that posed facial expressions can alter emotion, such as frowning making one feel sad and smiling making one feel happy, is known as the ______________________..

Question 61

A friend of yours is experiencing test anxiety, and she thinks that she just needs to "calm down." Explain why "just calming down" will not solve her problem and then give her some helpful suggestions for coping with test anxiety.

Question 62

Describe the contemporary model of emotion, explaining how each of the theories of emotion is included within this model.

Question 63

What is emotional intelligence, and what are the elements that contribute to a person having emotional intelligence?

Question 64

Explain why a polygraph is not truly a "lie detector;" and describe how the polygraph is supposed to detect lies, the procedure and types of questions asked by the polygraph examiner, and the limitations and accuracy of these devices.
Answer will include that polygraphs measure general emotional arousal and cannot tell the difference between lying and fear, anxiety, or excitement.A typical polygraph records changes in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and galvanic skin response (sweating).It is assumed that a person who lies will show a change in their general emotional arousal.When trying to detect a lie, the polygraph operator begins by asking irrelevant (neutral, non-emotional) questions, such as, "Is your name (person's name)?" "Did you eat lunch today?" and so forth.This establishes a "baseline" for normal emotional responses.Then, the examiner asks relevant questions: "Did you murder Hensley?" Presumably, only a guilty person will become anxious or emotional if they lie when answering relevant questions.To minimize the problem of a person being nervous just from being questioned, skilled polygraph examiners ask a series of questions with critical items mixed among them.An innocent person may respond emotionally to the whole procedure, but only a guilty person is supposed to respond to key questions.As an alternative, subjects may be asked control questions, which are designed to make almost anyone anxious."Have you ever stolen anything from your place of work?" Typically, such questions are very difficult to answer truthfully with an unqualified "no." In theory, they show how a person reacts to doubt or misgivings.The person's reaction to critical questions can then be compared with responses to control questions.Even when questioning is done properly, lie detection may be inaccurate.Most people's emotional arousal goes up on critical questions whether innocent or guilty.Proponents of lie detection claim it is 95 percent accurate.But in one study, accuracy was dramatically lowered when people thought about past emotional experiences as they answered irrelevant questions.Similarly, the polygraph may be thrown off by self-inflicted pain, by tranquilizing drugs, or by people who can lie without anxiety.Worst of all, the test is much more likely to label an innocent person guilty, rather than a guilty person innocent.In studies involving real crimes, an average of one innocent person in five was rated as guilty by the lie detector.

Question 65

Most college freshmen gain weight during the first semester they are away at college.Discuss four factors that contribute to this weight gain.

Question 66

Lynda is flying from Jackson, Mississippi, to Tokyo, Japan.Explain why jet lag occurs, how it will affect her overall mood and performance, and what she can do before, during, and after she gets to Tokyo to minimize these "jet lag" effects.

Question 67

You have not eaten all day, and you rush home to get some of your mom's home cooking.Your mom puts supper on the table, and it is liver and onions.You absolutely hate liver, but you decide to give it a try, and you decide that liver is not so bad after all.However, if your mother had placed broiled snake in front of you, you probably could have maintained your fast.Explain why you reacted positively to the liver, one of your least favorite foods, but would not have reacted positively to broiled snake.

Question 68

Explain the difference in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and how these two types of motivation can be involved in turning "play" into "work."

Question 69

Explain the difference between individuals with a high need for achievement and those with a high need for power.

Question 70

Explain the difference in extracellular thirst and intracellular thirst, describe when each is most likely to occur, and tell what type of beverage will be best for satisfying each of these thirsts.