Deck 10: Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

In the opening segment of Chapter 10, Robert has a condition in which he is unable to name his emotions.This condition is known as

A)alexithymia.
B)agnosia.
C)Wernicke's aphasia.
D)dysgraphia.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If your body is dehydrated, but you are not thirsty, we would say that you have

A)a drive but not a need.
B)a need but not a drive.
C)both a drive and a need.
D)neither a need nor a drive.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Motivation is defined as

A)an internal deficiency that energizes behavior.
B)the goals which reward our behavior and maintain behavior.
C)internal mechanisms which begin, maintain, and direct behavior.
D)needs associated with impulses for self-actualization.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Individuals who have alexithymia are unable to

A)name their own emotions.
B)name visual stimuli.
C)regulate their body temperature due to a lack of homeostasis.
D)process auditory stimuli.

Question 5

In the motivational sequence, needs generate drives, which in turn activate

A)goals.
B)expectations.
C)incentives.
D)responses.

Question 6

Motivation and emotion are both derived from the Latin word movere, which means to

A)mediate.
B)move.
C)emphasize.
D)make.

Question 7

In terms of motivation, a need is a(n)

A)reinforcement response.
B)internal deficiency.
C)drive.
D)behavioral response.

Question 8

A _____ is defined as an energized motivational state.

A)drive
B)goal
C)need
D)homeostasis

Question 9

While studying in the library, Kayleigh became very hungry and went to a vending machine which was empty, and to the cafeteria which was closed.So she drove home and cooked herself a meal and ate it, satisfying her hunger.This food-seeking behavior was initiated by a bodily need with her search being sustained and directed to various food sources until her need was met.This illustrates

A)motivation.
B)behavioral dieting.
C)the opponent-process theory.
D)the Yerkes-Dodson law.

Question 10

The concept of _____ refers to the process of initiating, directing, sustaining, and terminating activities of the organism.

A)perception
B)motivation
C)emotion
D)learning

Question 11

Our motives and emotions are influenced by which of the following?

A)external cues
B)learning
C)cultural values
D)all of these

Question 12

Motivation is the process of initiating, _____, directing, and terminating activities of the organism

A)supplying
B)sustaining
C)surveying
D)satisfying

Question 13

Individuals who have alexithymia

A)are unable to name their own emotions.
B)often develop health problems, such as depression or addictive behaviors due to this lack of inner awareness.
C)find it hard to form close relationships with others.
D)exhibit all of these behaviors.

Question 14

The psychological state or feeling we call thirst or hunger corresponds to which element of motivation?

A)need
B)drive
C)deprivation
D)incentive value

Question 15

A(n) _____ is defined as the "target" of one's motivated behavior.

A)drive
B)goal
C)incentive
D)transductive level

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the motivational process?

A)drive - need - response - goal attainment
B)need - drive - response - goal attainment
C)need - drive - goal attainment - response
D)drive - need - goal attainment - response

Question 17

If you stop eating food right now, which of the following would probably be TRUE two days from now?

A)Your hunger drive would be as strong as your need for food.
B)Your need for food would be stronger than your hunger drive.
C)Your hunger drive would be stronger than your need for food.
D)Your need for food would be weaker than your hunger drive.

Question 18

A _____ is defined as an internal lack or deficiency.

A)drive
B)goal
C)need
D)homeostasis

Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE of drives?

A)Their strength may differ from that of the need on which they are based.
B)They are a biological state induced by internal incentives.
C)They may be activated by responses as well as by needs.
D)They result from satisfying a goal.

Question 20

Reaching _____, which satisfies one's need, will end the chain of events that make up the model of motivation.

A)a drive
B)a goal
C)an incentive
D)a transductive level

Question 21

Thomas Edison, who patented over 1,000 inventions, was interested in exploring new ideas and ways of doing things.His insatiable curiosity would be called a _____ motive.

A)stimulus
B)primary
C)learned
D)survival

Question 22

Needs for activity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact are referred to as _____ motives.

A)primary
B)learned
C)homeostatic
D)stimulus

Question 23

Which of the following is a stimulus motive?

A)aggression
B)physical contact
C)fear
D)pain avoidance

Question 24

Which of the following is classified as a primary motive?

A)aggression
B)physical contact
C)security
D)pain avoidance

Question 25

Biological needs that must be met for survival are called _____ motives.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)prepotent
D)stimulus

Question 26

Fresh, live grubworms are highly nutritious; however, if you are very hungry, you will probably reject them as food because the grubworms are

A)high in incentive value.
B)high in motivation.
C)low in incentive value.
D)low in stimulus motives.

Question 27

Concerning stimulus motives, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Stimulus motives express our needs for stimulation and information.
B)Stimulus motives appear to be innate.
C)Stimulus motives are not necessary for survival.
D)Stimulus motives include the needs for security, approval, affiliation, and status.

Question 28

Which of the following is a primary motive?

A)curiosity
B)the desire for money
C)physical contact
D)thirst

Question 29

Stimulus motives differ from primary motives in that

A)stimulus motives are innate and necessary for survival.
B)stimulus motives appear to be innate, but are not necessary for survival.
C)stimulus motives are acquired through various forms of conditioning and learning.
D)stimulus motives include needs for security, status, approval, and achievement.

Question 30

A commercial for an ice cold beverage shown on a day with record high temperatures is probably an effort to arouse one's

A)primary motives.
B)secondary needs.
C)learned motives.
D)stimulus motives.

Question 31

Hunger, thirst, pain avoidance, sleep needs, and regulation of body temperature are

A)stimulus motives.
B)secondary motives.
C)primary motives.
D)incentive motives.

Question 32

Regarding incentives, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Our actions are energized by a mixture of internal needs and external incentives.
B)Incentive value cannot be used to explain the drives for success, status, and approval.
C)Some goals are so desirable that they can motivate behavior in the absence of an internal need.
D)Some goals are so low in incentive value that they may be rejected even if they could meet the internal need.

Question 33

The value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need is known as its

A)homeostatic value.
B)stimulus value.
C)extrinsic value.
D)incentive value.

Question 34

Which of the following is a stimulus motive?

A)elimination of wastes
B)the desire for money
C)the desire to explore
D)thirst

Question 35

A glass of industrial sludge removed from a polluted river would probably not be desirable to you, even though you were very thirsty, because the glass of sludge is

A)high in incentive value.
B)high in motivation.
C)low in incentive value.
D)low in stimulus motives.

Question 36

You have just eaten a large meal and feel extremely full.Then, the waiter tells you about their signature dessert, "Death by Chocolate." Your ordering of this dessert is best explained by

A)drive reduction.
B)an internal need.
C)an incentive value.
D)homeostasis.

Question 37

Curiosity and exploration are _____ motives, while thirst and hunger are _____ motives.

A)primary; stimulus
B)stimulus; primary
C)learned; incentive
D)incentive; learned

Question 38

Learned motives involve needs

A)such as for power and achievement.
B)that are innate but not necessary for survival.
C)that are not innate but necessary for survival.
D)that are innate and necessary for survival.

Question 39

Primary motives are

A)needs that are learned, such as the need for power or for achievement.
B)innate but not necessary for survival.
C)not innate but necessary for survival.
D)innate and necessary for survival.

Question 40

Desirable goals may motivate behavior in the absence of internal need.This property is known as a goal's

A)gradient potential.
B)drive potential.
C)homeostasis value.
D)incentive value.

Question 41

A circadian rhythm refers to a cycle

A)of sexual receptivity caused by hormone cycles.
B)of bodily activity approximately 24 hours in length.
C)of emotional arousal.
D)during which various bodily systems are in phase.

Question 42

On the basis of religious faith, a starving Hindu refuses to eat beef that has been made available to him.In this case, it might be said that a _____ has overpowered a _____.

A)learned motive; primary motive
B)stimulus motive; biological need
C)primary motive; learned motive
D)basic need; stimulus motive

Question 43

The term circadian rhythm comes from circa, meaning _____, and diem, _____.

A)around; the clock
B)around; mortality
C)about; a day
D)circle; a day

Question 44

When the human body enters a state of disequilibrium

A)the first reactions of your body are automatic.
B)you become aware of discomfort before your body reacts.
C)the chemicals in your body do not change.
D)primary motives are ignored until balance is restored.

Question 45

You can increase your efficiency by scheduling recreation, chores, and studying

A)around your personal body rhythms.
B)by establishing a new circadian rhythm.
C)according to your median levels as shown on a biorhythm chart.
D)according to your horoscope.

Question 46

During the day changes occur in

A)body temperature.
B)blood pressure.
C)amino acid levels.
D)all of these.

Question 47

When your body falls below its set point for body temperature, your body will automatically try to bring the body back into

A)optimum potential level.
B)thermostatic potential.
C)homeostasis.
D)incentive levels.

Question 48

"Snob appeal," an advertising approach that appeals to status, is an effort to arouse one's

A)primary motives.
B)arbitrary set point.
C)learned motives.
D)stimulus motives.

Question 49

About ten minutes after Janice starts her 30-minute walk on the treadmill, she begins to perspire, which helps to cool her off.Her body's tendency to maintain normal body temperature is a function of

A)instinct.
B)drive.
C)social learning.
D)homeostasis.

Question 50

When your body falls below its ideal level, or its _____, for liquid in your body, your body will automatically try to bring the body back into a state of equilibrium.

A)thermostatic potential
B)set point
C)match point
D)optimum potential

Question 51

Which of the following is a learned motive?

A)power
B)physical contact
C)regulation of body temperature
D)pain avoidance

Question 52

Motives for power, affiliation, approval, status, and security are classified as _____ motives.

A)homeostatic
B)primary
C)stimulus
D)learned

Question 53

Your body's tendency to maintain equilibrium is similar to a(n) _____ in your home.

A)thermostat
B)rechargeable battery
C)smoke detector
D)electric generator

Question 54

Most people are more energetic, alert, and in a better mood at

A)the high point of their circadian rhythms.
B)the median point of their circadian rhythms.
C)the low point of their circadian rhythms.
D)varying points within their circadian rhythms depending on the season.

Question 55

The maintenance of steady states of temperature and blood pressure are examples of

A)thermostasis.
B)homeostasis.
C)intrinsic motivation.
D)biological rhythm.

Question 56

People with early peaks in their _____ are "day people," who wake up alert, are energetic early in the day, and fall asleep early in the evening, while people with later peaks are "night people," who wake up groggy, are lively in the afternoon or early evening, and stay up late.

A)ASCs
B)sensation-seeking patterns
C)circadian rhythms
D)opponent processes

Question 57

Which of the following is a learned motive?

A)curiosity
B)the desire for money
C)physical contact
D)thirst

Question 58

Biological drives are essential because they maintain _____, which is a steady state of bodily equilibrium.

A)thermostasis
B)biological rhythm
C)intrinsic motivation
D)homeostasis

Question 59

Throughout the day, activities in the liver, kidneys, and endocrine glands undergo large changes.Body temperature, blood pressure, and amino acid levels also shift from hour to hour.In fact, people tend to be more energetic and alert when these and other activities are at their highest point once a day.This is a description of

A)the Yerkes-Dodson law.
B)sensation-seeking patterns.
C)circadian rhythms.
D)biological condensation.

Question 60

The body monitors and maintains internal states, such as body temperature, at relatively constant levels.This is due to

A)incentives.
B)drive reductions.
C)homeostasis.
D)learning.

Question 61

Gilbert has been on the day shift for five years.He will be working on the night shift in three weeks.Which of the following would be the BEST advice to help Gilbert deal with this change?

A)Take over-the-counter stimulants for the first month or so.
B)Use over-the-counter sleeping pills to help go to sleep during the day.
C)Take three naps rather than sleep a full eight hours during the day.
D)Begin now to gradually preadapt sleep-waking time to match the new shift.

Question 62

_____ refers to gradually matching your sleep-waking cycle to a new time schedule.

A)Alexithymia
B)Adaptive homeostasis
C)Attribution
D)Preadaptation

Question 63

According to the text, adaptation of circadian rhythms is faster if people are traveling

A)west.
B)east.
C)during the high point of their circadian rhythms.
D)during the low point of their circadian rhythms.

Question 64

When _____ levels produced by the pineal gland rise late in the evening, it's bedtime as far as the brain is concerned.

A)melatonin
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)androgen

Question 65

Martha is flying east from Chicago to Stockholm.What advice would you give her to help her prevent "jet lag"?

A)Arrange to fly late in the day since she is flying east.
B)Begin to preadapt her sleep-and-waking cycle to Stockholm time.
C)When she arrives in Stockholm, she needs to stay indoors until her body adapts.
D)All of these would be good suggestions for Martha.

Question 66

_____ helps reset one's circadian rhythms.

A)Staying indoors in artificial light during the initial shift
B)Five-minute periods of exposure to bright light intermittently in the early morning
C)Plenty of coffee and high energy drinks early in the morning
D)All of these

Question 67

One might expect an ambassador forced to return on short notice to his or her native country to perform poorly because

A)minimal needs for intellectual stimulation have not been met.
B)optimal needs for intellectual stimulation have not been met.
C)low levels of anxiety have risen to moderate levels.
D)circadian rhythms have been disrupted.

Question 68

Gary and Bob are college roommates.Gary usually schedules all of his classes in the morning and usually gets up at 6:00 a.m.or earlier to study.Bob prefers his classes to start after 10:00 a.m.and even takes night classes.He usually studies until at least 1:00 a.m.Which of the following will most likely be TRUE?

A)Gary will eventually change to Bob's circadian rhythm since this is the normal one for most college students.
B)Bob will eventually change to Gary's circadian rhythm since this is the normal one for most adults.
C)Both roommates will probably give their relationship a negative rating.
D)Both roommates will eventually settle into a schedule that is midway between their original schedules.

Question 69

Bright light affects the timing of body rhythms by reducing the amount of _____ produced by the pineal gland.

A)melatonin
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)androgen

Question 70

In national championship collegiate athletic competitions, the team that has to travel across five time zones is at a disadvantage because of

A)sleep deprivation.
B)jet lag.
C)disruption in biorhythms due to a fear of flying.
D)preadaptation.

Question 71

Jet lag occurs when a traveler's _____ are out of synchrony with local time.

A)ASCs
B)circadian rhythms
C)sensation-seeking patterns
D)opponent processes

Question 72

Aaron is switching from a day shift at work back to a late night/early morning.He can expect to experience

A)excessive arousal and increased mental clarity.
B)irritability, fatigue, depression, and an upset stomach.
C)periods of mental inefficiency interspersed with periods of enhanced mental agility.
D)changes in one's personality traits.

Question 73

Regarding jet lag, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)It is not really a proven phenomenon.
B)It is worse when you fly west.
C)It usually takes about a day to get over.
D)None of the statements are true.

Question 74

If you were to travel across five time zones, you would feel best if you

A)preadapted yourself to the new schedule.
B)went to sleep immediately on arriving to catch up.
C)travel from west to east.
D)fly late in the day if you are flying east.

Question 75

Melatonin taken an hour before bedtime can

A)make you stay awake.
B)help you go to sleep.
C)help you stay alert.
D)do none of these.

Question 76

If "cramming" for final exams, it is better to

A)take frequent naps throughout the day in order to be able to stay awake at night.
B)give yourself a day to recover before pulling another "all nighter."
C)maintain your regular sleep pattern.
D)do none of these.

Question 77

During "jet lag," one would be expected to experience

A)excessive arousal.
B)fatigue, irritability, upset stomach, and depression.
C)periods of mental inefficiency interspersed with periods of enhanced mental agility.
D)changes in personality traits.

Question 78

Regarding jet lag, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)For major time zone shifts (five hours or more), it can take up to two weeks to resynchronize.
B)Adjusting to jet lag is slowest when you stay indoors.
C)Shift work changes can have the same effect on the body as jet lag.
D)It is easier for people to adapt when they fly east.

Question 79

You are about to take a long plane flight in a week.You begin going to sleep an hour later each day until your sleep cycle matches the time at your destination.You are using _____ to prevent jet lag.

A)alexithymia
B)adaptive homeostasis
C)attribution
D)preadaptation

Question 80

Preadaptation refers to

A)gradually matching your sleep-waking cycle to a new time schedule.
B)the steady state of equilibrium maintained by the body.
C)the mental process of assigning cause to external events.
D)the process of attributing arousal to a particular source.