Deck 6: Extension C: States of Consciousness

Question 1

After smoking a pack of cigarettes each day for over ten years, Jackie decided to quit.Unfortunately, she got bad headaches, felt tired, and experienced mood swings.These physical changes are known as _____ symptoms.

A)tolerance
B)addiction
C)withdrawal
D)dependency

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Cara tried marijuana because she was curious about what effects this drug would have on her.Cara's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A)experimental.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)regressive.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If Terry stops taking OxyContin, he develops physical ailments, such as chills, cramps, and diarrhea.Terry is experiencing

A)tolerance.
B)physical dependence.
C)psychological dependence.
D)drug psychosis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If drugs are considered necessary to maintain one's emotional well-being, then _____ exists.

A)a psychological dependence
B)a situational dependence
C)a physical dependence
D)drug withdrawal

Question 5

Ramon is asked by his family doctor if he has in the last year ever drank more than he meant to and if he has felt that he needed to cut down on his drinking.If Ramon answers "yes" to both of these questions, his doctor should tell him that he

A)would be classified as an average social drinker and should not worry.
B)is probably under some stress and should just watch his consumption.
C)may have the beginning of a problem, but not to worry and just cut back some.
D)most likely has an alcohol problem and needs professional help.

Question 6

Some psychologists say that an addiction and the existence of a drug problem occurs when the person has

A)a compulsive habit pattern of use.
B)lost control over their drug use.
C)used more drugs than s/he meant to in the last year.
D)exhibited all of these.

Question 7

Carolyn likes to have her morning cup of coffee.Having this cup of coffee each morning helps her to maintain feelings of well-being; thus, Carolyn has

A)a psychological dependence.
B)a physical dependence.
C)an addiction.
D)built-up a tolerance to caffeine.

Question 8

When Carl first started drinking, all he needed to get a buzz was two beers.Now it takes two six packs.This reduction in Carl's responsiveness to his "drug of choice" is called a

A)drug compulsion.
B)drug tolerance.
C)physical withdrawal.
D)psychological addiction.

Question 9

The physical illness that follows removal of a drug is referred to as

A)addiction symptoms.
B)withdrawal symptoms.
C)tolerance level.
D)a psychological dependence syndrome.

Question 10

Will has been a heavy alcohol user for a number of years.When he decides to quit "cold turkey," he experiences violent flu-like symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, sweating, and cramps.Will is experiencing

A)drug tolerance.
B)drug psychosis.
C)a psychological dependence.
D)withdrawal symptoms.

Question 11

Gene has been using crystal meth everyday for the last six months.He has lost his part-time job and is flunking out of college.He has pawned many of his possessions and even stolen money from his family to "take care of his habit." Gene's drug-taking behavior, at this point, would be classified as

A)intensive.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)recreational.

Question 12

_____ lead(s) users to take larger and larger doses of a drug to get the desired effect.

A)Withdrawal symptoms
B)Reduced activity of neurotransmitters
C)Psychological dependence
D)Drug tolerance

Question 13

According to the comparison of drugs in your textbook, which of the following drugs leads to a psychological dependence but does NOT appear to lead to a physical addiction?

A)marijuana
B)cocaine
C)alcohol
D)nicotine

Question 14

Sam smokes marijuana occasionally when he is out with his friends, while his father drinks alcohol on the days that work has been extremely stressful so that he can relax and "try to forget." Sam's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as _____, while his father's drug-taking would be considered _____.

A)experimental; intensive
B)social-recreational; compulsive
C)situational; situational
D)social-recreational; situational

Question 15

Four months ago, Randi started drinking one alcoholic beverage to relax enough to go to sleep.Soon she was having two drinks each night; and recently, she has increased to three drinks.So far, this drinking has not significantly affected her work, although she does not feel very alert when she awakens each morning.Randi's pattern of drug-taking behavior, at this point, would be classified as

A)intensive.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 16

Kim only has one or two alcoholic drinks when she goes out to a restaurant with her friends a few times a month.Kim's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A)experimental.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 17

Which of the following drugs is physically addictive?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)nicotine
D)all of these

Question 18

David is a truck driver that usually drives within the state, but he uses amphetamines when he is having trouble staying awake on the cross-country haul he has to make once a month.David's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A)intensive.
B)compulsive.
C)situational.
D)social-recreational.

Question 19

The most damaging patterns of drug taking are

A)recreational, situational, experimental.
B)social, experimental, recreational.
C)situational, intensive, compulsive.
D)social, situational, intensive.

Question 20

The reduction in the body's response to a drug which may accompany drug use is called

A)withdrawal.
B)drug addiction.
C)psychological dependence.
D)drug tolerance.

Question 21

_____ are synthetic stimulants.

A)Amphetamines
B)Barbiturates
C)Tranquilizers
D)Alcohol and GHB

Question 22

Regarding amphetamine use, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Amphetamines rapidly produce a drug tolerance.
B)Repeated amphetamine use damages the brain.
C)After an amphetamine binge, people may suffer from uncontrolled irritability and aggression.
D)The effects of administering an amphetamine usually last from 15 to 30 minutes.

Question 23

The common street names for _____ are "speed, "bennies," "dexies," "go," and "uppers."

A)amphetamines
B)barbiturates
C)tranquilizers
D)hallucinogens

Question 24

People who take drugs intravenously are at high risk for

A)addiction.
B)hepatitis.
C)HIV.
D)all of these conditions.

Question 25

For several weeks, Garrett has been taking increasing amounts of "crystal meth" to study for his final exams and to work two part-time jobs.Garrett may develop _____ if he continues this binge.

A)delirium tremors
B)hypnogogic delusions
C)amphetamine psychosis
D)panic attacks

Question 26

Which of the following statements about amphetamine usage is TRUE?

A)Frequent users can get "high" on smaller doses.
B)Possible side-effects include depression, confusion, aggression, and brain damage.
C)Although potentially destructive, amphetamines do supply the body with extra energy.
D)Amphetamines are classified as narcotic hallucinogens.

Question 27

_____ were once widely prescribed for weight loss or depression, but today, their main legitimate medical uses are to treat childhood hyperactivity and overdoses of depressant drugs.

A)Amphetamines
B)Tranquilizers
C)Barbiturates
D)Narcotics

Question 28

Regarding methamphetamine usage, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Large doses of amphetamines can cause nausea, vomiting, extremely high blood pressure, fatal heart attacks, and disabling strokes.
B)Methamphetamine abusers typically go on binges lasting several days, after which they "crash" from lack of sleep and food.
C)Some users switch to injecting methamphetamine directly into the bloodstream.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 29

A long-distance truck driver who abuses a drug in order to stay awake for long hours would probably be an abuser of

A)PCP.
B)amphetamines.
C)benzodiazepines.
D)GHB.

Question 30

According to Table 6.4 in your textbook, the drugs that are classified as sedative-hypnotics include which of the following?

A)alcohol
B)barbiturates
C)GHB
D)all of these

Question 31

Amphetamines

A)rapidly produce a drug tolerance.
B)speed up the use of the body's resources and do not magically supply energy.
C)can cause amphetamine psychosis, which involves a loss of contact with reality.
D)can do all of these.

Question 32

According to Table 6.4 in your textbook, the drugs that are classified as narcotics include which of the following?

A)codeine
B)morphine
C)LSD
D)all of these

Question 33

Smoked forms of methamphetamine are commonly called _____, while smoked forms of cocaine are commonly called _____.

A)meth; ice
B)crack; ice
C)ice; crack
D)crack; meth

Question 34

Individuals suffering from amphetamine psychosis

A)have paranoid delusions.
B)have lost contact with reality.
C)may become violent, resulting in suicide, self-injury, or injury to others.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Question 35

Regarding methamphetamines, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)It is a more potent variation of amphetamine.
B)It can be smoked, snorted, injected, or eaten.
C)It can be made cheaply in backyard labs and has fueled a violent criminal subculture.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 36

Which of the following is classified as a stimulant?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)marijuana
D)morphine

Question 37

Which of the following drugs can result in psychological dependence, but has NOT been shown to be physically addicting?

A)MDMA
B)nicotine
C)alcohol
D)methadone

Question 38

Known as "bergs," "glass," "meth," or "crystal,"_____ has created a large drug problem, since it can be made cheaply in backyard labs and sold for massive profits.

A)GHB
B)marijuana
C)methamphetamine
D)MDMA

Question 39

Jacob is suffering from amphetamine psychosis.When in this state, Jacob's most prominent symptom will be

A)severe depression.
B)panic attacks.
C)paranoid delusions.
D)auditory hallucinations.

Question 40

The most legitimate medical uses of amphetamines include which of the following?

A)to treat depression
B)to treat childhood hyperactivity and overdoes of depressant drugs
C)to help people stay awake and to improve mental or physical performance
D)for weight loss

Question 41

The drug MDMA is also known as

A)scoop.
B)Ecstasy.
C)crack.
D)ice.

Question 42

At a "rave" party, Marilyn used ecstasy.The physical effects of this drug include

A)low blood pressure.
B)increased appetite.
C)elevated body temperature.
D)all of these symptoms.

Question 43

Concerning cocaine, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Coca-Colas once contained a small amount of cocaine.
B)The effects of cocaine administration usually last several hours.
C)Three out of four cocaine abusers who remain in treatment do succeed in breaking their coke dependence.
D)If cocaine were cheaper, 9 out of 10 users would progress to compulsive abuse.

Question 44

Ecstasy causes brain cells to release extra amounts of

A)acetylcholine.
B)serotonin.
C)histamine.
D)dopamine.

Question 45

The street names for _____ include "snow," "blow," and "snuff."

A)methamphetamine
B)cocaine
C)GHB
D)heroin

Question 46

_____ is the street name for rock cocaine, which is cheaper and produces very high abuse rates.

A)Ice
B)Meth
C)Crack
D)Scoop

Question 47

Regarding Ecstasy use, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Ecstasy causes brain cells to release extra amounts of acetylcholine.
B)Ecstasy diminishes sexual performance, impairing erections and retarding orgasms.
C)Ecstasy intensifies the impact of the music at "rave" parties.
D)Ecstasy use in North America has declined slightly from a peak around 2002.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a sign of cocaine abuse?

A)disregarding consequences
B)compulsive use
C)loss of control
D)blackouts

Question 49

Regarding Ecstasy use, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Ecstasy causes brain cells to release extra amounts of serotonin.
B)Ecstasy use can lead to fatal heat exhaustion even if the person drinks water to cool themselves..
C)Ecstasy use can result in a "rebound depression" that can last for months after a person stops taking the drug.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 50

The physical effects of _____ include a rush of energy, dilated pupils, elevated blood pressure, jaw clenching, loss of appetite, and elevated body temperature.

A)GHB
B)rohypnol
C)valium
D)Ecstasy

Question 51

Physical effects of MDMA include

A)elevated blood pressure and body temperature.
B)jaw clenching.
C)loss of appetite.
D)all of these symptoms.

Question 52

Ian is withdrawing from cocaine.He can expect all of the following to occur EXCEPT

A)a jarring "crash" of mood and energy.
B)a long period of fatigue, anxiety, paranoia, and boredom.
C)anhedonia.
D)heroin-like withdrawal symptoms.

Question 53

The main difference between cocaine and amphetamines is that cocaine

A)is a depressant.
B)is a shorter acting drug.
C)is not associated with binging.
D)produces more permanent brain damage.

Question 54

From 1886 and 1906, Coca-Cola contained _____, which was replaced with _____.

A)alcohol; vanilla flavoring
B)marijuana; non-hypnotic spices and herbs
C)cocaine; caffeine
D)morphine; GHB

Question 55

Cocaine increases two chemical messengers with chemical messenger _____ arousing the brain and _____ producing the "rush" of pleasure.

A)noradrenaline; dopamine
B)acetylcholine; THC.
C)histamine; phosphene.
D)RNA; serotonin.

Question 56

_____ is chemically similar to amphetamine, causes brain cells to release extra amounts of serotonin, and produces a rush of energy with users saying that it makes them feel closer to others and heightens sensory experiences.

A)GHB
B)Rohypnol
C)LSD
D)MDMA

Question 57

Regarding cocaine, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)When rats and monkeys are given free access to cocaine, many end up dying of convulsions from self-administered overdoses of the drug.
B)First-time and causal users of cocaine run the risk of having convulsions, a heart attack, or a stroke.
C)Cocaine increases the chemical messengers acetylcholine and serotonin.
D)Cocaine is snorted and quickly metabolized, so its effects last only 15 to 30 minutes.

Question 58

Mona has been abusing cocaine and now suffers from an inability to feel pleasure.This condition is called

A)hypomania.
B)anhedonia.
C)affective neurosis.
D)cyclothymia.

Question 59

If Miguel has been abusing a particular drug and is not experiencing withdrawal from this drug.At first, there was a jarring "crash" of his mood and energy.Then, within a few days, Miguel entered a long period of fatigue, anxiety, paranoia, boredom, and anhedonia.Before long, the urge to use this drug becomes intense.Miguel is most likely abusing

A)alcohol
B)GHB
C)cocaine
D)heroine

Question 60

_____ is a powerful central nervous stimulant that produces feelings of alertness, euphoria, well-being, power, boundless energy, and pleasure.

A)GHB
B)Marijuana
C)Cocaine
D)LSD

Question 61

The use of caffeine has been linked to which of the following conditions?

A)the increased growth of breast cysts in women
B)birth defects and miscarriages
C)bladder cancer
D)all of these conditions

Question 62

Evidence that nicotine is addicting includes

A)convulsions, respiratory failure and death at high dose rates.
B)increased reliance on nicotine to the exclusion of other drugs.
C)an increase in tolerance levels and withdrawal symptoms when discontinued.
D)apparent occurrence of a death wish among smokers.

Question 63

The three most widely used psychoactive drugs are

A)prozac, alcohol, and marijuana.
B)caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.
C)alcohol, marijuana, and crystal meth.
D)valium, nicotine, and alcohol.

Question 64

The most frequently used psychoactive drug in the United States is

A)marijuana.
B)cocaine.
C)alcohol.
D)caffeine.

Question 65

According to the research on nicotine and cigarette smoking, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Most first-time smokers get sick on one or two cigarettes, while a heavy smoker may inhale 40 cigarettes a day without feeling ill.
B)In large doses, nicotine causes stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cold sweats, dizziness, confusion, and muscle tremors.
C)In very large doses, nicotine can cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and death.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 66

Drug use associated with which of the following drugs is correlated with breast cysts, birth defects, miscarriage, and contributes to bladder cancer, heart problems, and high blood pressure?

A)caffeine
B)cocaine
C)nicotine
D)heroin

Question 67

Regarding caffeine, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)About half of all caffeine users show some signs of dependence.
B)A person drinking as few as 2.5 cups of coffee a day may experience withdrawal symptoms.
C)Withdrawal from caffeine includes anxiety, depression, fatigue, headaches, and flu-like symptoms.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 68

Research has shown that MDMA does all of the following EXCEPT

A)destroy serotonergic brain cells, which cause long-term anxiety and depression.
B)increase sexual performance.
C)lead to fatal heat exhaustion or severe liver damage.
D)impair performance on tests of mental functioning or memory.

Question 69

Insomnia, irritability, loss of appetite, chills, racing heart, and elevated body temperature are all signs of

A)caffeinism.
B)valium addiction.
C)GHB use.
D)cocaine withdrawal.

Question 70

A problem associated with trying to avoid caffeine intake is that

A)caffeine is found in many soft drinks.
B)caffeine is an ingredient in tea, chocolate, and cocoa.
C)many non-prescription drugs contain caffeine.
D)caffeine is found in all of these products.

Question 71

The effects of caffeine become apparent with doses as small as _____ milligrams, the amount found in about one-half cup of brewed coffee.

A)five
B)25
C)50
D)100

Question 72

Regarding caffeine, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Less than ten percent of all caffeine users show signs of dependence.
B)Pregnant women who consume as little as two cups of coffee a day increase the risk of having a miscarriage.
C)Pregnant women should consider giving up caffeine entirely because of a suspected link between caffeine and birth defects.
D)Although people who drink 15 to 20 cups of coffee a day develop the symptoms of caffeinism, lower dosages can intensify anxiety and other psychological problems.

Question 73

Ecstasy users are more likely to

A)abuse alcohol and other drugs.
B)party excessively and engage in risky sex.
C)score poorly on tests of learning and memory.
D)do all of these.

Question 74

Regarding caffeine, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Caffeine blocks chemicals that normally inhibit or slow nerve activity.
B)Caffeine suppresses fatigue and increases feelings of alertness.
C)Physically, caffeine causes sweating, tinnitus, and hand tremors.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 75

Serious problems related to MDMA use include

A)heart arrhythmias.
B)fatal heat exhaustion.
C)severe liver damage.
D)all of these.

Question 76

According to the research on nicotine and cigarette smoking, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)For a non-smoker, 50 to 75 milligrams of nicotine taken in a single dose could be lethal.
B)Withdrawal from nicotine causes headaches, sweating, insomnia, digestive upset, and irritability.
C)The average age for the first use of nicotine is 13, and it takes three years before dependence sets in.
D)Up to 90 percent of people who quit smoking relapse within a year and 20 percent of the remaining number relapse after two years of abstinence.

Question 77

According to the research on nicotine and cigarette smoking, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Nicotine is classified as a depressant, or downer.
B)Nicotine is so toxic that it is sometimes used to kill insects.
C)Sixty percent of the smokers between 15 and 24 years old are addicted to nicotine.
D)Up to 90 percent of people who quit smoking relapse within a year.

Question 78

The average age for the first use of nicotine is _____, and it takes about a year before dependence sets in.

A)11
B)13
C)15
D)17

Question 79

Nicotine is classified as a

A)narcotic.
B)depressant.
C)relaxant.
D)stimulant.

Question 80

Helen is suffering from caffeinism.Her symptoms may include all of the following EXCEPT

A)an elevated body temperature.
B)insomnia.
C)increased appetite.
D)increased heart rate.