Deck 3: Extension B: Human Development

Question 1

Eleven-year-old Justin wants to go to the movies with his friends.His parents explain that they know he wants to go but that it is important that the whole family go to a supper honoring his grandfather tonight.This style of parenting in which parents give reasons for their decisions will most likely lead Justin to be a(n)

A)dependent, immature child who misbehaves frequently when his parents are not around.
B)competent, self-controlled, independent, assertive, inquiring child.
C)emotionally stiff, withdrawn, apprehensive child, lacking in curiosity.
D)aimless, vindictive child that is likely to have major problems and get into trouble.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A healthy balance between the rights of parents and their children is characteristic of

A)authoritarian parenting.
B)permissive parenting.
C)authoritative parenting.
D)collaborative parenting.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Dependent, immature children who frequently misbehave are characterized as having been raised by _____ parents.

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)generative
D)overly permissive

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_____ parents enforce rigid rules and demand strict obedience to authority.

A)Overly permissive parents
B)Authoritarian parents
C)Authoritative parents
D)Autonomous parents

Question 5

Parents who view their children as having few rights but adult-like responsibilities are

A)overly permissive parents.
B)authoritarian parents.
C)authoritative parents.
D)autonomous parents.

Question 6

Eleven-year-old Jason wants to go to the movies with his friends but his parents say that he can't.When he asks why, his parents respond that "As long as he's living under their roof, he will do what he's told and not ask any questions." This style of parenting will most likely lead Jason to be a(n)

A)dependent, immature child who misbehaves toward family members frequently.
B)competent, self-controlled, independent, assertive, inquiring child.
C)emotionally stiff, withdrawn, apprehensive child, lacking in curiosity.
D)aimless child that is likely to have major problems and get into trouble.

Question 7

Competent children who are characterized by autonomy, self-control, and curiosity are often a consequence of the parenting style described as

A)authoritarian.
B)authoritative.
C)permissive.
D)submissive.

Question 8

Jordan seems very immature, unable to make his own decisions, and always seems to be getting into some kind of trouble.He was probably raised by _____ parents.

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)overly permissive
D)democratic

Question 9

Eleven-year-old Jacob wants to go to the movies with his friends.His parents at first say "no," but after he begs and pleads with them, they give in to his demands.This style of parenting will most likely lead Jacob to be a(n)

A)dependent, immature child who misbehaves frequently.
B)competent, self-controlled, obedient child.
C)emotionally stiff, withdrawn, apprehensive child, lacking in curiosity.
D)child that will show assertive, independent, mature behavior at an early age.

Question 10

As a parent, you want your daughter to grow up to be a mature, independent adult with an inquiring mind.To accomplish this you should

A)combine love and encouragement with firm and consistent guidance.
B)explain your decisions.
C)respect your child's rights while also expecting her to take responsibility for her actions.
D)do all of these.

Question 11

_____ parents control their children's behavior in a caring, responsive manner that is not harsh or rigid.They want their children to comply with their request for a reason, not because they, as parents, said to do it.

A)Authoritarian parenting
B)Permissive parenting
C)Authoritative parenting
D)Collaborative parenting

Question 12

Zack is a competent, independent decision-maker who exerts self-control and acts responsibly.According to Baumind, Zack probably has _____ parents.

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)overly permissive
D)collaborative

Question 13

The needs for love and affection are known as

A)affectional needs.
B)primacy needs.
C)commitment needs.
D)dependency needs.

Question 14

Clarence exerts virtually no control over his son's activities and impulses.According to the research on parenting styles, Clarence is exhibiting _____ parenting.

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)overly permissive
D)guilt-free

Question 15

_____ parents give little guidance and do not enforce rules or hold children accountable for their actions.

A)Authoritative
B)Authoritarian
C)Overly permissive
D)Self-centered

Question 16

Children who are obedient, self-controlled, emotionally apprehensive, and lacking in curiosity were likely to have been raised by

A)a single parent.
B)permissive parents.
C)authoritarian parents.
D)authoritative parents.

Question 17

The _____ parenting style is characterized by the child having rights similar to an adult's but with few responsibilities, while rules are rarely enforced and the child usually getting his or her way.

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)democratic
D)overly permissive

Question 18

Antoine prefers to reason with his children and discuss the limits he sets.His children tend to be very friendly, self-reliant, and socially responsible.According to the research on parenting styles, Antoine is exhibiting _____ parenting.

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)overly permissive
D)neglectful

Question 19

Irene is withdrawn, emotionally stiff, and lacking in curiosity.She most likely has _____ parents.

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)overly permissive
D)democratic

Question 20

Nat likes to "lay down the law" and takes no arguments from his children.According to the research on parenting styles by Diana Baumrind, Nat is exhibiting _____ parenting.

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)overly permissive
D)legalistic

Question 21

Three-year-old Jerry loves to involve his parents in his playtime.His father tends to engage Jerry in _____, while his mother tends to engage Jerry in _____.

A)conventional play; unusual play
B)unusual play; conventional play
C)rough-and-tumble play; unusual play
D)conventional play; verbal games

Question 22

In the _____ culture, parenting tends to be lenient and permissive for the first few years.Then, after age five, these parents begin to expect respect, obedience, self-control, and self-discipline from their children.The parents also tend to act as teachers who encourage hard work, moral behavior, and achievement as well as setting aside one's own desires when the greater good of the family is at stake.

A)Asian-American
B)African-American
C)Hispanic
D)Arab-American

Question 23

Regarding maternal and paternal influences, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Maternal influences generally have a greater impact on children than paternal influences.
B)The role of a typical father in child rearing is as the protector.
C)Fathers can be as affectionate, sensitive, and responsive as mothers are.
D)The parental styles of mothers and fathers have a major impact on children's gender role development.

Question 24

Although it is always risky to make generalizations about groups of people, which of the following conclusion(s) can be drawn about similarities and differences in parenting among ethnic groups in the U.S.?

A)African-American, Hispanic, Asian-American, and Arab-American families are all concerned with family pride and loyalty.
B)Hard work and educational achievement are particularly important to Asian-American and Arab-American families.
C)Child discipline tends to be strict among African-American, Hispanic, and Arab- American families.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 25

In _____ families, child discipline is usually fairly strict for all age children and is often seen as necessary to promote safety and security.These families also emphasize loyalty and interdependence among family members; respect for elders; and the development of a positive identity, self-reliance, resourcefulness, and the ability to take care of oneself in difficult situations.

A)African-American
B)Hispanic
C)Asian
D)European-American

Question 26

Regarding maternal and paternal influences, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The different caregiving styles of fathers and mothers have a major impact on children's gender role development.
B)Mothers tend to be around their children more and offer comfort, nurturance, and verbal stimulation.
C)Because fathers tend to be playmates rather than caregivers, their role in early child development is minimal.
D)Fathers provide their children with action, exploration, and risk-taking.

Question 27

Inexperienced parents of newborn infants should be advised that

A)their child's affectional needs are at least as important as his or her physical needs.
B)compared to a child's affectional needs, his or her physical needs are much more important.
C)it is imperative that the child bond with only one adult.
D)regardless of whether their affectional needs are met, children will naturally develop their capacity for warm and loving relationships.

Question 28

Although it is dangerous to generalize about groups of people, traditional African-American families, as a rule, value

A)loyalty and interdependence of family members.
B)self-reliance, persistence, and a positive identity.
C)obedience and respect for elders.
D)all of these.

Question 29

In this culture, the father is a strong authority figure who demands obedience from the children at an early age so the family will not be shamed by the child's misbehavior.Punishment generally consists of spankings and teasing, while success, generosity, hospitality, thrift, conservatism, and educational achievement are highly valued by

A)African-American families.
B)Arab-American families.
C)Hispanic families.
D)Asian-American families.

Question 30

Hispanic families generally value

A)cognitive skills more than social skills.
B)competition over cooperation.
C)family pride.
D)all of these.

Question 31

Fathers spend more time on _____ than mothers do.

A)physical and emotional care, such as feeding, bathing, and soothing
B)tactile and physically arousing activities, such as playing
C)travel, such as driving children to sports or music lessons
D)passive care, such as supervising children while they play

Question 32

Regarding maternal and paternal influences, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Although fathers are spending more time with their children, mothers still do most of the nurturing and caretaking, especially with young children.
B)The role of the typical father in child rearing is as the playmate for the children.
C)Young children who spend a lot of time playing with their fathers tend to be more competent in many ways than those who do not.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 33

Providing affectional needs to infants

A)is not important until infants reach self-awareness.
B)should be done sparingly since parents need to be careful not to "spoil" the infant.
C)will not "spoil" the child because these needs are as important as physical needs.
D)are not necessary until the child can speak and tell you his/her needs.

Question 34

When interacting with their children, fathers tend to _____ than mothers do.

A)pay more visual attention to their children
B)spend more time caregiving
C)speak more often to their children
D)play more conventional games, such as peek-a-boo

Question 35

Fathers are more likely than mothers to

A)feed their children.
B)provide more caregiving.
C)speak more often to their children.
D)engage in unusual play.

Question 36

Regarding the child-rearing practices of different cultures, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Child-rearing practices in different cultures reflect different customs and belief systems.
B)There is general agreement across cultures about which behaviors are good and bad.
C)Many American child-rearing customs would be considered strange or inappropriate in other parts of the world.
D)Cultural differences are especially apparent with respect to the meaning attached to a child's behavior.

Question 37

Regarding the affection and attention given an infant during the first year of life, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)One of the most important developments of the first year of life is the creation of a bond of trust and affection between the infant and at least one other person.
B)It is nearly impossible to spoil a baby with too much attention during the first year or two.
C)The capacity to form warm and loving relationships in later life may depend on having early affectional needs met.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 38

Which of the following BEST describes the role of the typical father in child rearing?

A)protector
B)caregiver
C)advocate
D)playmate

Question 39

When interacting with their children, mothers tend to _____ than fathers do.

A)pay more visual attention to their children
B)be more tactile and physically arousing in playing with their children
C)speak more often to their children
D)engage more in unusual play with their children

Question 40

_____ families are typically affectionate and indulgent toward younger children but expect older children to learn social skills and to be calm, obedient, courteous, and respectful.In fact, social skills are often valued more than cognitive skills, with cooperation stressed more than competition.

A)African-American
B)Hispanic
C)Asian
D)European-American

Question 41

The foundation for language learning is provided by

A)maturation.
B)social development.
C)nurture.
D)all of these.

Question 42

Connie is 20 months old and is able to point and name several objects, such as "ball," "doggie," and "cookie" and says "go" and "play." Connie is most likely in the _____ stage of language development.

A)cooing
B)babbling
C)telegraphic
D)single-word

Question 43

Regarding babbling, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)When children first begin to babble, their babbling is the same around the world.
B)Infants begin to babble around six to eight weeks of age.
C)Babbling involves the repetition of vowel sounds only.
D)All of these are true statements about babbling.

Question 44

Babies begin to coo

A)from birth on.
B)around six to eight weeks of age.
C)around six months of age.
D)around nine months of age.

Question 45

By seven months of age, an infant's nervous system will mature enough to allow the infant to do all of the following EXCEPT to

A)grasp objects.
B)babble.
C)walk.
D)smile and laugh.

Question 46

The normal order of language development in infancy is

A)cooing, crying, babbling, telegraphic speech.
B)crying, cooing, babbling, single-word, telegraphic speech.
C)cooing, babbling, crying, telegraphic speech.
D)telegraphic crying, cooing, babbling, elemental speech.

Question 47

Regarding crying, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Crying generally occurs before cooing.
B)Crying begins around six to eight months of age.
C)Crying is the repetition of consonant-vowel sounds (like coo or cah).
D)Crying is the older child's main form of communication.

Question 48

Keri is beginning to respond to real words, such as "no" and "hi,"addresses her parents as "Mama" and "Dada," and is making her first connections between words and objects.Kerri is most likely _____ months old.

A)6
B)9
C)12
D)18

Question 49

Regarding crying, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Babies are able to cry from birth on.
B)By one month of age, babies use crying to gain attention.
C)Parents can usually tell if an infant is hungry, angry, or in pain from the tone of the crying.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 50

Concerning ethnic differences, which culture tends to value individual effort and independence rather than interdependence and group loyalty?

A)African-American
B)Hispanic
C)Asian-American
D)Western culture

Question 51

Ernesto knows more than 100 words, which he uses one word at a time.He is probably _____ old.

A)six to eight weeks
B)seven months
C)one year
D)18 months to two years

Question 52

Consonants first enter a child's language when the child begins

A)babbling.
B)cooing.
C)the single-word stage.
D)the telegraphic stage.

Question 53

At 18 months, Katy says "pah-getty" (spaghetti) whenever she wants to eat and says "milk" when she wants something to drink.She also calls her mother "Mama" and her father "Dada" and her cat "Kitty." Katy is most likely in the _____ stage of language development.

A)cooing
B)babbling
C)telegraphic
D)single-word

Question 54

Grant is sitting in his high chair calling to his dog, "Here Dog." He then turns to his mother and says "Want juice." Grant is exhibiting

A)cooing.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)the single-word stage.
D)babbling.

Question 55

Your baby is about two months old and says "oo" over and over when you change her diaper.She is

A)babbling.
B)telegraphing.
C)cooing.
D)delayed.

Question 56

The repetition by infants of meaningless language sounds (including both vowel and consonant sounds) is called

A)babbling.
B)cooing.
C)telegraphic speech.
D)crying.

Question 57

Children normally begin to say their first word and make connections between words and objects at about

A)6 months.
B)12 months.
C)18 months.
D)24 months.

Question 58

Tiana is four weeks old and uses _____ to gain attention from her parents at this age.

A)cooing
B)babbling
C)crying
D)holophrases

Question 59

Regarding cooing, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Cooing generally occurs before crying.
B)Cooing begins around six to eight months of age.
C)Cooing is the repetition of consonant-vowel sounds (like coo or cah).
D)Cooing is the repetition of only vowel sounds (like oo or ah).

Question 60

_____ cultures tend to be group-oriented and emphasize interdependence among individuals, while _____ cultures value individual effort and independence.

A)African-American; Asian
B)Western; African-American
C)Asian; Western
D)Western; Asian

Question 61

Which of the following observations does NOT support the idea that language is learned?

A)Children imitate words spoken by adults.
B)Children are rewarded for correctly using words.
C)Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D)When a child makes a language error, parents make needed corrections or ask a clarifying question to draw the child's attention to the error.

Question 62

Two-year-old Teshonda is eating her breakfast and tells her mother, "Allgone milk."According to Noam Chomsky, Teshonda is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A)identification
B)nonexistence
C)negation
D)agent-action

Question 63

Two-year-old Mark is looking for his toy.His mother finds one of his cars and hands it to Mark.He says, "Not ball," meaning the car is not what he wanted.According to Noam Chomsky, Mark is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A)identification
B)command
C)negation
D)possession

Question 64

According to Chomsky, language patterns must be _____ since children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.

A)inborn
B)learned very early
C)related to the intelligence of the child
D)prelinguistic

Question 65

Telegraphic speech refers to

A)the single-word stage of language learning.
B)the continuous outpouring of meaningless vowel and consonant sounds.
C)words that communicate only part of an idea.
D)simple two-word sentences characteristic of early speech.

Question 66

According to Chomsky, humans have a _____ to develop language.

A)perceptual set
B)telegraphic readiness
C)learning set
D)biological predisposition

Question 67

Your child has just begun saying "No!" and "Mine!" frequently and having temper tantrums.She is

A)babbling.
B)mimicking you.
C)showing behavior typical of the terrible twos.
D)showing arrested language and psychosocial development.

Question 68

Which psychologist claimed that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language?

A)Erik Erikson
B)Konrad Lorenz
C)Noam Chomsky
D)Jean Piaget

Question 69

Typical patterns of children's first sentences include

A)possession.
B)non-existence.
C)identification.
D)all of these.

Question 70

Two-year-olds

A)may understand parental commands, but refuse to obey them.
B)are capable of mischief and temper tantrums.
C)are becoming more independent.
D)exhibit all of these behaviors.

Question 71

Alicia's mother asks Alicia to put her blocks away.Alicia responds, "No, me play." Observing this, we might guess that Alicia

A)is approximately a year old.
B)is experiencing the terrible twos.
C)has progressed to the threatening threes.
D)has not as yet mastered telegraphic speech.

Question 72

Peter is sitting on the floor playing when he waves to his daddy and says "Go bye-bye." He then calls to his cat, "Here Kitty," and later asks his mother for a cookie by saying, "Want cookie." Peter is exhibiting

A)cooing.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)the single-word stage.
D)babbling.

Question 73

Jay is 26 months old, and his favorite word is "No." Although he knows what his parents want him to do (or not do), Jay seems to take delight in doing the opposite.Jay is exhibiting

A)the precursor to a conduct disorder.
B)attention deficit disorder.
C)the effect of the withdrawal of love technique.
D)normal independent behavior for a child of this age.

Question 74

Brett's speaking vocabulary includes more than 4,000 words and he is able to understand more than twice that many.He is most likely

A)about two.
B)about three.
C)in preschool.
D)in first grade.

Question 75

When a toddler is in the stage called the terrible twos, typical behavior can be

A)oppositional.
B)passive.
C)appropriate.
D)precocious.

Question 76

Two-year-old Shun is watching his mother putting the groceries away.When he sees the juice, he says, "Mama give," indicating that he wants some juice.According to Noam Chomsky, Shun is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A)identification
B)possession
C)question
D)agent-action

Question 77

Dr.Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the psychology of language and language development.Dr.Jones would be referred to as a

A)psycholinguist.
B)paralanguage specialist.
C)parapsychologist.
D)phrenologist.

Question 78

Two-year-old Marian and her mother are at the park.People nearby hear Marian talking to her mother, "See birdie," "Want cookie," and "My ball." According to Noam Chomsky, Marian is exhibiting

A)the identification, agent-action, and possessive patterns of speech.
B)the question, command, and ownership patterns of speech.
C)negation behavior speech patterns.
D)babbling.

Question 79

Which of the following observations is cited to support the idea that language is learned?

A)Babies in all cultures communicate first by crying, then cooing, then babbling.
B)Parents and children communicate with shared signals before language appears.
C)Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D)Telegraphic speech occurs in every culture.

Question 80

A specialist in the psychology of language is a

A)parapsychologist.
B)phrenologist.
C)psycholinguist.
D)graphologist.