Deck 2: Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Question 1

If a split-brain subject were given a key (hidden from sight) to feel with his left hand, he

A)could easily name what he had touched.
B)would be unable to describe the object.
C)would be able to point to the key with his right hand.
D)would have to wait for the information transfer to take place before describing it.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In 1981, _____ won a Nobel Prize for his discovery that the right and left brain hemispheres perform differently on tests of language, perception, music, and other capacities.

A)Richard J.Haier
B)Roger Sperry
C)Bryan Kolb
D)Peter Hepper

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In most people, the left hemisphere of the brain is in charge of

A)language.
B)art.
C)pattern recognition.
D)music.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

After a "split-brain" operation, most people

A)show severe impairment of language ability.
B)show constant competition between the two hemispheres.
C)function relatively normally, unless submitted to specialized testing.
D)show a change in hand dominance.

Question 5

The right hemisphere is especially adapted for handling perceptual skills, such as drawing a picture or recognizing melodies, while the left hemisphere is especially adapted for the production and understanding of speech.This is known as

A)everyone's split personality.
B)spatial lateralization.
C)hemispheric specialization.
D)peripheral localization.

Question 6

In most people, the right hemisphere of the brain is in charge of

A)language.
B)logic.
C)art.
D)mathematics.

Question 7

The _____ is superior at language, computational math, and analytic thought.

A)right hemisphere
B)left hemisphere
C)midbrain
D)limbic system

Question 8

The surgical procedure of cutting the corpus callosum is done in cases of

A)communication problems.
B)severe epilepsy.
C)injury or stroke.
D)split personality.

Question 9

In order to perform a split-brain operation, the _____ must be severed.

A)pons
B)cerebellum
C)corpus callosum
D)cerebral cortex

Question 10

The right hemisphere in humans

A)is the major or dominant one in most right-handed persons.
B)controls psychomotor activity on the right side of the body.
C)governs the ability to use language, do math, and engage in analytical acts.
D)is involved in understanding jokes and in the expression of emotion.

Question 11

A patient who has suffered brain damage to the left hemisphere is likely to experience diminished capacity for

A)naming objects.
B)recognizing faces.
C)composing melodies.
D)expressing emotions.

Question 12

We flash a picture of a tree to the right brain of a split-brain patient and a picture of a dog to his left brain.If we ask the split-brain patient to draw what he saw using his left hand (out of sight), he will

A)draw a dog.
B)draw a tree.
C)draw both a dog and a tree.
D)be unable to draw either picture.

Question 13

For most people, an injury to the _____ would result in impairment of speaking, reading, or writing abilities.

A)right cerebral hemisphere
B)cerebellum
C)limbic system
D)left cerebral hemisphere

Question 14

Velishea has severe epileptic seizures that cannot be controlled by medication.Therefore, her doctor suggests that a surgery might help.The surgery would involve

A)cutting the corpus callosum.
B)removing the hippocampus.
C)stimulating the brain's pleasure centers.
D)severing the connection between the prefrontal lobe and the hypothalamus.

Question 15

Judging time and rhythm and coordinating the order of complex movements, such as those needed for speech, are special skills of the

A)right hemisphere.
B)left hemisphere.
C)corpus callosum.
D)limbic system.

Question 16

An important outcome of Sperry's split-brain experiments was

A)an understanding of hemispheric specialization.
B)a procedure for treating schizophrenia.
C)insight into the relationships between the central and peripheral nervous systems.
D)a technique for training enhanced creativity.

Question 17

Harriet has lost the ability to recognize faces, and she's also lost her sense of humor.You would expect to find damage to her

A)right hemisphere.
B)left hemisphere.
C)frontal cortex.
D)motor cortex.

Question 18

Successfully negotiating a maze, sculpting pottery, or painting a watercolor is a function of the

A)corpus callosum.
B)left hemisphere.
C)right hemisphere.
D)temporal lobe.

Question 19

The _____ is superior at perceptual skills and detecting and expressing emotions.

A)right hemisphere
B)left hemisphere
C)midbrain
D)corpus callosum

Question 20

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a split-brain operation?

A)a patient whose actions are in continual conflict
B)a patient with sharply diminished intellectual capacity
C)a patient who acts normally in most situations
D)a patient with a schizophrenic personality

Question 21

Regarding the functioning of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)People normally use both sides of the brain at all times.
B)Some tasks may make more use of one hemisphere or the other.
C)A smart brain is one that see the details first and then works it into an overall pattern.
D)Each hemisphere does the parts of the activity it does best and then shares the information with the other side.

Question 22

The _____ of the cerebral cortex are defined by the large fissures or by their function.

A)limbic systems
B)lobes
C)ventromedial chisms
D)lateralizations

Question 23

While the left hemisphere processes information _____, the right hemisphere processes information _____.

A)simultaneously; sequentially
B)sequentially; simultaneously
C)holistically; sequentially
D)sequentially; analytically

Question 24

The _____ lobes are associated with higher mental abilities, and they play a role in your sense of self.

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 25

An arch of tissue at the rear of the _____ lobes, called the primary motor area, directs the body's muscles.

A)frontal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)temporal

Question 26

The right hemisphere explores the _____, while the left hemisphere focuses on the _____.

A)picky details; big picture
B)specifics; connections
C)overall patterns; small details
D)coherent picture; wide angle view

Question 27

The left hemisphere

A)processes information simultaneously.
B)focuses on the small details.
C)explores the overall pattern and general connections.
D)must use non-verbal responses.

Question 28

The right hemisphere

A)processes information sequentially.
B)focuses on the small details.
C)explores the overall pattern and general connections.
D)coordinates the order of complex movements.

Question 29

One's reasoning and planning ability are centered within which lobes of the brain?

A)parietal lobes
B)occipital lobes
C)temporal lobes
D)frontal lobes

Question 30

The sense of self and motor control depends on the _____ lobe.

A)frontal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)temporal

Question 31

After having a stroke, Rich can speak and understand what has been said to him, but he now has great difficulty understanding the context in which something is said.Rich also misunderstands sarcasm and jokes.Rich has most likely suffered a stroke to

A)the left hemisphere.
B)the right hemisphere.
C)Broca's area.
D)corpus callosum.

Question 32

Concerning information processing, the left hemisphere utilizes _____ processing and tends to focus on _____.

A)simultaneous processing; details
B)sequential processing; details
C)simultaneous processing; the overall pattern
D)sequential processing; the overall pattern

Question 33

The most accurate conclusion that can be drawn from research on the brain is that

A)normal people can be taught to use one hemisphere at a time.
B)most people use the right hemisphere more often than the left hemisphere.
C)only creative people can use both hemispheres simultaneously.
D)the activities of both hemispheres of the brain combine to produce most behaviors.

Question 34

LaMonte excels in algebra, solving each problem one step at a time.Brittany can easily visualize three-dimensional geometry problems.

A)LaMonte's preferred activity is centered in the left hemisphere, Brittany's in the right.
B)LaMonte's preferred activity is centered in the right hemisphere, Brittany's in the left.
C)Both are mathematical activities of the left brain.
D)Both are holistic activities of the right brain.

Question 35

There is a greater portion of motor cortex devoted to the _____, which explains their dexterity.

A)shoulders.
B)hands and fingers.
C)feet and toes.
D)legs.

Question 36

If the _____ is damaged, people lose their ability to understand jokes, irony, sarcasm, and the overall context in which something is said.

A)left hemisphere
B)right hemisphere
C)amygdala
D)corpus callosum

Question 37

Concerning information processing, the right hemisphere utilizes _____ processing and tends to focus on _____.

A)simultaneous processing; details
B)sequential processing; details
C)simultaneous processing; the overall pattern
D)sequential processing; the overall pattern

Question 38

Voluntary muscle movement originates in an area of the cortex called the _____, which is located on the _____ lobe.

A)motor area; parietal
B)somatosensory cortex; parietal
C)motor area; frontal
D)somatosensory cortex; frontal

Question 39

Sue has recovered from extensive injury to her left cerebral hemisphere and has continued her career with little sign of impairment.Her occupation is most likely

A)graphic artist.
B)accountant.
C)English teacher.
D)sports writer for a newspaper.

Question 40

A researcher wishes to place electrodes in the brain so that existing motor activity can be used to control an artificial hand designed for amputees.The researcher should place the electrodes in the

A)temporal lobe.
B)dendrites.
C)frontal lobe.
D)occipital lobe.

Question 41

A person with damage to the _____ may suffer aphasia, an impaired ability to _____.

A)association areas of the left hemisphere; use language
B)somatosensory areas of the right hemisphere; understand tactile sensations
C)motor cortex of the left hemisphere; balance and coordinate walking
D)temporal cortex of the right hemisphere; recognize faces

Question 42

The association areas of the cerebral cortex

A)are largest in the brains of lower animals.
B)are directly related to such functions as thinking, language, and memory and include Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
C)process simple sensory information, like light, sound, and touch.
D)are not essential to the performance of higher mental functions.

Question 43

Paul Broca's patient "Tan" lost his ability to speak because an area in the left _____ lobe of his brain had deteriorated.

A)occipital
B)frontal
C)temporal
D)parietal

Question 44

Aphasia is a(n)

A)inability to recognize objects in one's left visual field.
B)loss of tactile sensation due to brain damage.
C)language disturbance resulting from brain damage.
D)blind spot due to damage in the occipital lobe.

Question 45

The human capacity to empathize and identify with another person's point of view and feelings may arise directly from the activation of

A)mirror neurons.
B)the pons.
C)neurogenic nodes.
D)subcortical neurons.

Question 46

The action of the _____ may explain how we can intuitively understand the behavior of others and may underlie our ability to learn new skills by imitating others.

A)pons
B)mirror neurons
C)neurogenetic nodes
D)subcortical neurons

Question 47

Following different accidents, Margo is unable to speak but can comprehend language, while Jeff is unable to comprehend the language he hears but can still produce speech sounds.Both are suffering from

A)agnosia.
B)aphasia.
C)spatial neglect.
D)damage to the primary somatosensory area.

Question 48

The _____ areas of the cerebral cortex directly control the body or receive information from the senses, while the _____ areas combine and process information.

A)primary; association
B)association; perceptual
C)perceptual; primary
D)association; semantic

Question 49

The motor cortex is one brain area that contains _____, which become active when we perform an action or when we merely observe someone else carrying out the same action.

A)pons
B)mirror neurons
C)neurogenetic nodes
D)subcortical neurons

Question 50

Due to neuroplasticity, violin, viola, and cello players have a larger proportion of their _____ devoted to their hands.

A)association cortex
B)primary motor cortex
C)reticular formation
D)limbic system

Question 51

The speech (production) center for 95 percent of all people is located in the _____ lobe.

A)left frontal
B)right frontal
C)right temporal
D)left temporal

Question 52

Which area of the cortex combines and processes information from the senses and contributes to higher mental abilities, such as language?

A)motor cortex
B)somatosensory cortex
C)aphasic cortex
D)association cortex

Question 53

A person with damage to the association areas in the left hemisphere would most likely suffer

A)paralysis.
B)deafness.
C)aphasia.
D)insensitivity to pain and temperature.

Question 54

A malfunction of the mirror neurons has been implicated in the early childhood condition known as _____, in which the child shows impaired social interaction and communication as well as restricted and repetitive behavior.

A)autism spectrum disorder
B)Tourette's syndrome
C)Prader-Willi syndrome
D)Down syndrome

Question 55

According to one theory, autism may arise because the _____ system in some infants is damaged, either due to genetic abnormalities or environmental risk factors.

A)limbic
B)reticular activating
C)mirror neuron
D)endocrine

Question 56

A person who had an impaired _____ would be described as having aphasia.

A)ability to walk
B)sense of smell
C)ability to see
D)ability to use language

Question 57

Areas of the brain that are NOT primarily sensory or motor in function are called the

A)somatosensory areas.
B)association areas.
C)temporal lobes.
D)incidental lobes.

Question 58

Which of the following parts of the body would have the largest area represented on the motor area?

A)shoulder
B)feet
C)torso
D)hand

Question 59

Mirror neurons

A)become active when we perform an action.
B)become active when we observe someone else carrying out an action.
C)may explain how we can intuitively understand the behavior of others.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Question 60

According to the "broken mirrors" hypothesis, _____ may arise because the mirror neuron system in some infants is damaged, either due to genetic abnormalities or environmental risk factors leading to impaired social interaction and communication.

A)acromegaly
B)agnosia
C)virilism
D)autism

Question 61

PET scans suggest that much of what we call intelligence is related to increased activity in the _____ lobes.

A)temporal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)frontal

Question 62

The _____ of the brain generates our sense of self, including our awareness of our current emotional state.

A)prefrontal cortex
B)Broca's area
C)reticular activating system
D)Wernicke's area

Question 63

When shown a picture of a spoon, Alfred says, "foon, hoon, poon." Alfred's mispronunciation would be classified as a(n)

A)expressive aphasia.
B)fluent aphasia.
C)receptive aphasia.
D)primary agnosia.

Question 64

Jose has lost his ability to speak following a stroke, although he is still able to understand words spoken to him.Damage was most likely to

A)the occipital lobe.
B)Broca's area.
C)Wernicke's area.
D)the limbic system.

Question 65

Damage to Broca's area causes great difficulty in

A)speaking or writing.
B)walking.
C)understanding the meaning of words.
D)feeling pain.

Question 66

Damage to Broca's area causes

A)motor aphasia.
B)receptive aphasia.
C)mindblindness.
D)facial agnosia.

Question 67

Which area of the brain is most closely associated with grammar and the correct pronunciation of words?

A)the limbic system
B)Broca's area
C)Wernicke's area
D)reticular activating system

Question 68

The primary somatosensory area is located in the

A)temporal lobes.
B)parietal lobes.
C)occipital lobes.
D)frontal lobes.

Question 69

Because of his abuse of drugs, Miguel has experienced damage to his _____ lobes, which causes him to get "stuck" on mental tasks and repeat the same answers over and over again, even when the answers are wrong.

A)temporal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)frontal

Question 70

Bodily sensations such as touch, temperature, and pressure register in which brain area?

A)the occipital lobes
B)the parietal lobes
C)the temporal lobes
D)the frontal lobes

Question 71

The _____ of the brain is related to complex behaviors with damage dramatically changing one's personality and emotional life.

A)prefrontal area
B)primary somatosensory area
C)corpus callosum
D)primary auditory area

Question 72

Damage to _____ causes motor or expressive aphasia.

A)Wernicke's area
B)Broca's area
C)the corpus callosum
D)the somatosensory cortex

Question 73

After suffering a stroke, Emil often knows what he wants to say but cannot seem to utter the words.When he does speak, his pronunciation and grammar are poor, and his speech is slow and labored.However, Emil has no difficulty in understanding the speech of others.Emil has

A)receptive aphasia.
B)motor aphasia.
C)agnosia.
D)virilism.

Question 74

Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose frontal lobes were damaged in an accident?

A)development of blank spots in the visual field
B)reduced capacity to hear high frequency sounds
C)reduced reasoning and planning abilities and changes in personality
D)inability to sense hot and cold

Question 75

A person with brain damage who mispronounces the word "cross" by saying "croth" would most likely have damage to

A)the amygdala.
B)Broca's area.
C)Wernicke's area.
D)the corpus callosum.

Question 76

Damage to the frontal lobe may affect all of the following EXCEPT

A)movement of body parts.
B)reasoning and planning ability.
C)tactile sensation of body parts.
D)personality.

Question 77

Due to a stroke that damaged _____, Greg now says "bife" for bike and "seep" for sleep.

A)his amygdala.
B)Broca's area.
C)Wernicke's area.
D)his hypothalamus.

Question 78

Being able to read Braille or to play the guitar with your hands and fingers are two skills that one is able to do because more of the _____ and _____ are devoted to these body parts.

A)primary somatosensory cortex; primary motor cortex
B)cerebellum; corpus callosum
C)occipital lobe; temporal lobe
D)thalamus; hypothalamus

Question 79

After Phineas Gage experienced serious damage to the _____ lobe, he underwent dramatic personality changes.

A)temporal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)frontal

Question 80

More of the primary somatosensory cortex is devoted to the

A)lips.
B)shoulder.
C)feet.
D)legs.