Deck 18: Extension C: Applied Psychology

Question 1

Human factors psychologists who help design space stations found

A)that astronauts prefer rooms with clearly defined "up" and "down."
B)that sleep cycles must be carefully controlled in space to avoid disrupting body rhythms.
C)that privacy must be based mainly on temporarily blocking out visual and auditory contact with others, such as using eyeshades and headphones.
D)all of these are true.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Engaging in behavior that achieves a minimum result, rather than maximizing the outcome of that behavior is known as

A)pseudostupidity.
B)satisficing.
C)compensatory urge.
D)complacency.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

_____ was illustrated in 2001 when a surgeon in New York removed the diseased gallbladder of a patient an ocean away in France.

A)Psychokinesis
B)Kinesthetic imagery
C)Telepresence
D)Virtual travel

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The challenges of living in space include

A)restricted physical movement.
B)noise.
C)sensory monotony.
D)all of these.

Question 5

Scientific management, which uses task analysis and job specialization, is also called Theory Y management.

Question 6

Jorge is using psychological principles and research methods to determine the best strategies for athletes to reach their peak performance, while Sara is utilizing psychological principles in developing ways to alleviate traffic jams in growing cities.Both of these psychologists are working in the field known as applied psychology.

Question 7

Peter is a psychologist who is studying the problems that people face at work that could lead to job stress and burnout.Peter is most likely an industrial/organizational psychologist.

Question 8

The challenges of living in space include all of the following EXCEPT

A)restricted physical movement.
B)confinement in close quarters.
C)constant changes in sensory input.
D)the need for privacy.

Question 9

Human factors psychologists who help design space stations

A)do not have to consider the "up" and "down" in rooms because of weightlessness.
B)create stable living and work areas since sameness lowers stress.
C)found that crew members eating at least one meal together each day helps keep them working as a social unit.
D)that astronauts soon adjust to the noise on a space station and ignore it over time.

Question 10

Regarding the environment of a space station, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)There should be some flexibility in the use of living and work areas.
B)The lack of any noise on a space station is a significant stressor for many astronauts.
C)It is beneficial for astronauts to have some privacy with most preferring solitary pastimes, such as reading, writing, or watching movies.
D)Eating at least one meal together each day can help keep crew members working as a social unit.

Question 11

Which of the following would most likely reduce stress and boredom in a space habitat?

A)active, group-oriented recreation
B)changing sleep stations, desks, lockers, and pastimes every three days
C)including live animals and plants in space habitats
D)changing the environment, such as "up" and "down" orientation of furniture, etc.

Question 12

Concerns with worker retention, minimizing absenteeism, and sustaining good morale and labor relations are all part of psychological efficiency.

Question 13

Regarding satisficing, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Satisficing is not just a matter of being lazy, sometimes it can be a survival skill.
B)If a device is user friendly, it is unnecessary to read an instruction manual.
C)People are often tempted to satisfice because of our hectic modern world.
D)Satisficing refers to just "getting by" in using a tool rather than using the tool to its fullest capacity.

Question 14

Before telesurgery can become more common, the telepresence system must be improved to provide more _____ feedback to users, since a good surgeon tends to rely on this sense.

A)visual
B)kinesthetic
C)auditory
D)tactile

Question 15

Regarding satisficing, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Satisficing involves engaging in behavior that achieves a minimum result, rather than maximizing the outcome of that behavior.
B)Reading the instruction manual can prevent some aspects of satisficing.
C)People who exhibit satisficing are just being lazy.
D)Satisficing can be a survival skill.

Question 16

Tia knows a little about photography and has just bought a digital camera.Although she is able to take a basic photo, she is not using all the options this new camera has to offer.Tia is exhibiting

A)pseudostupidity.
B)satisficing.
C)a compensatory urge.
D)complacency.

Question 17

Regarding the environment of a space station, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Sleep cycles must be carefully controlled in space to avoid disrupting bodily rhythms.
B)The use of live animals and plants in space habitats could reduce stress and boredom.
C)Most people in restricted environments find that they prefer group pastimes, such as board games.
D)The constant noise on a space station is annoying and stressful.

Question 18

During space missions, which of the following has NOT been found to be stressful?

A)forced togetherness
B)solitary pastimes
C)sensory monotony
D)constant noise on the space craft

Question 19

Jo Lynn is a loan officer.She would be considered a knowledge worker.

Question 20

Most people in restricted environments find that they prefer

A)interactive pastimes.
B)solitary pastimes.
C)active, group-oriented recreation.
D)eating alone.

Question 21

The subjective feeling of being overstimulated by social inputs or a loss of privacy is called population density.

Question 22

Quality circles usually do not have the power to put their suggestions into practice.

Question 23

In the situational judgment test known as the in-basket test, each applicant is asked to read through numerous memos, requests, and typical business problems and then take appropriate action.

Question 24

Tony has always enjoyed tinkering with car engines and working on various gadgets.If Tony were to take an interest inventory, his interest would most likely be within the conventional area.

Question 25

When expert witnesses are presented, most jurors weigh the evidence given by these witnesses more highly than their expertise or qualifications.

Question 26

How people are hired and trained, disciplined, and dismissed as well as how employees dress, communicate, resolve conflicts, and celebrate special occasions are aspects of the organizational culture.

Question 27

College students who display posters on the walls of their dormitory rooms or apartments are demonstrating territorial marking.

Question 28

Children who were subjected to noise pollution while attending school near an airport showed higher blood pressure.

Question 29

In flextime, starting and quitting times are varied daily by supervisors to allow the largest employee pool available for the workload.

Question 30

Jurors often make a judgment of guilt or innocence early in the trial.

Question 31

Students in long-corridor design dormitories tend to feel more crowded, unfriendly, and stressed.

Question 32

Most members of death-qualified juries are white, conservative, high income, and authoritarian.

Question 33

The field that seeks to understand how people learn and how teachers instruct is called instructional psychology.

Question 34

Discovery learning tends to produce students who are more independent, curious, and positive in their attitudes toward school.

Question 35

Calhoun's study of overcrowding showed that rats in overcrowded conditions reproduced more rapidly.

Question 36

Natural settings, such as forests and beaches, as well as environments built by humans, such as buildings, ships, and cities would be classified by environmental psychologists as behavioral settings.

Question 37

Common triggers for "desk rage," or workplace anger, include threats to one's self-esteem and feeling that one has been treated unfairly.

Question 38

Job satisfaction is not entirely a matter of work conditions.

Question 39

College GPA predicts success in many types of work.

Question 40

An electronics manufacturer who rotates workers among several different jobs or switches them to a complete cycle of work is using scientific management.

Question 41

Detailed biographical information about a job applicant is known as ____________________.

Question 42

Alonzo is taking a test that rates his potential to learn the skills required to become an airplane mechanic.Alonzo is taking a(n) ____________________ test.

Question 43

____________________ involves making a job more intrinsically motivating and typically involves increasing worker knowledge.

Question 44

Psychologist Donald Norman refers to successful human factors engineering as convergent design because it is based on perceptual signals that people already understand without needing to learn them.

Question 45

Most people expect good leaders to be ____________________, that is independent, confident, ambitious, objective, dominant, and forceful.

Question 46

Sports psychologists have found that children are more likely to benefit from participation in sports when competition is emphasized.

Question 47

A branch of industrial-organizational psychology concerned with testing, selection, placement, and promotion of employees is known as ____________________ psychology.

Question 48

Jeff works from home but uses a computer to stay connected to the office throughout the workday.Jeff's job is an example of the flexible work approach known as ____________________.

Question 49

Gary loves to play and compose music, while his sister Gretchen loves to write poems and short stories.Both of their vocational interests lie within the ____________________ theme.

Question 50

Managers who assume that workers must be coerced or guided into being productive use ____________________ techniques.
or

Question 51

The use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems defines ____________________ psychology.

Question 52

____________________ are voluntary discussion groups that seek ways to solve business problems and improve efficiency.

Question 53

Presenting realistic work situations to applicants in order to observe their skills and reactions is called a(n) ____________________ test.

Question 54

Satisficing refers to just "getting by" in using a tool rather than using the tool to its fullest capacity.

Question 55

Workers who add value to their company by creating and manipulating information are called ____________________ workers.

Question 56

If a person stops to think about the "flow" state, it goes away.

Question 57

Situations that arise in a job, with which a competent worker must be able to cope are known as ____________________.

Question 58

A parade, a revival meeting, and a sports event are all examples of a(n) ____________________ environment.

Question 59

If you make positive contributions to the success of an organization in ways that go beyond one's job description, you are exhibiting organizational ____________________.

Question 60

Most people in restricted environments find that they prefer active, group-oriented recreation.

Question 61

The volume of greenhouse gases that individual consumption adds to the atmosphere is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 62

Putting your jacket on the chair next to you to save it for a friend is an example of a(n) ____________________ marker.

Question 63

Instruction based on encouraging students to construct knowledge for themselves is called ____________________ learning.

Question 64

A stressful condition caused when sensory stimulation, information, and social contacts make excessive demands on attention is called ____________________.

Question 65

A social dilemma in which individuals, each acting in his or her immediate self-interest, overuse a scarce group resource is known as the ____________________.

Question 66

Explain the purpose and results of the strategy known as job enrichment, and describe how it can be implemented within a company.

Question 67

Describe the activities utilized by personnel psychologists in selecting employees.

Question 68

"Flow," or ____________________, is said to occur when athletes feel as if they are in a trance and experience intense concentration, detachment, and feelings of unusual power or control.

Question 69

The empirical investigation of the ease with which users can learn to use a machine is called ____________________ testing.

Question 70

A speciality concerned with making machines and work environments compatible with human perceptual and physical capacities is called ____________________.
or

Question 71

Breaking complex skills into their subparts is called ____________________.

Question 72

Explain what is meant by organizational culture and organizational citizenship.

Question 73

Motor ____________________ refers to a series of actions, while motor ____________________ refers to a mental plan or model.

Question 74

Discuss the difference between the concepts of crowding and density, explaining when high density levels involve crowding and when they do not.

Question 75

Juanita usually teaches her math class by presenting factual information regarding the various math concepts, then she demonstrates these concepts in several problems, and lastly, she gives the students math problems to practice their new skills.Juanita's teaching style would be classified as ____________________.

Question 76

Compare and contrast the management styles of a Theory X manager to those of a Theory Y manager.

Question 77

When researchers record the number of individuals in a given space, they are measuring ____________________.

Question 78

A jury composed of people who favor the death penalty or at least are indifferent to it are referred to as a(n) ____________________ jury.
or

Question 79

A group that realistically simulates a courtroom jury is called a(n) ____________________ jury.

Question 80

Engaging in behavior that achieves a minimum result, rather than maximizing the outcome of that behavior is called ____________________.