Deck 15: Extension D: Therapies

Question 1

Since cognitive and behavioral therapies directly change troublesome thoughts and actions, these therapies would be considered insight therapies.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Victor Frankl based his logotherapy on experiences he had as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Jack considers himself to be a total failure in every aspect of his life because he failed one class.Jack's behavior exemplifies the distortion of thinking that cognitive therapists call overgeneralization.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The American Psychological Association urges media psychologists to discuss problems in a general manner, instead of counseling.

Question 5

A client suddenly begins to argue and treat the therapist like she does her mother which, according to Freud, illustrates the process of resistance.

Question 6

Denny, a 17-year-old college student, is playing online poker and believes that his losses must be followed by wins, so he doubles his bet.Denny is exhibiting the cognitive distortion known as the gambler's fallacy.

Question 7

Commercial telephone and Internet therapists have to be credentialed and licensed just like face-to-face therapists as well as holding licensure in all 50 states in the U.S.and in Canada.

Question 8

Gestalt therapists are more directive than client-centered or existential therapists.

Question 9

Eye movement desensitization involves having clients visualize upsetting images, while watching a pencil being moved side-to-side before their eyes.

Question 10

Sigmund Freud developed the psychotherapy known as psychoanalysis, which viewed emotional problems, like "hysteria," as originating from unconscious conflicts.

Question 11

If ignoring a child's temper tantrums causes them to cease, a psychologist would call this effect negative reinforcement.

Question 12

Usually the most effective token economies are those that gradually switch from tokens to social rewards.

Question 13

Cognitive therapy has been found to be as effective as drugs for treating many cases of depression.

Question 14

Humane treatment for the mentally ill was brought about by the work of Pinel, who literally unchained the "patients" in European asylums in 1793.

Question 15

Rogers stated that the good therapist should be able to see and feel what the client is experiencing, a quality he called unconditional positive regard.

Question 16

In rational-emotive behavior therapy, the therapist is very directive in confronting his or her clients' unrealistic beliefs and "self-talk."

Question 17

Roger Vogler and his associates have found response-contingent shocks to be effective in helping alcoholics to stop drinking by linking the alcohol with immediate discomfort.

Question 18

During the Middle Ages, the treatment for abnormal behavior was exorcism, which often involved physical torture in order to "cast out the evil spirits."

Question 19

Positive therapy involves techniques designed to enhance personal strengths rather than "fix" weaknesses.

Question 20

In Freudian theory, the obvious, visible aspects of a dream are referred to as its lucid content; while the hidden, symbolic meaning is called the manifest content.

Question 21

____________________ was a primitive procedure that was used to "release evil spirits" and consisted of boring, chipping, or bashing holes in the patients' heads.
or
or

Question 22

If your therapist tends to focus on issues of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness, he or she would probably be classified as a(n) ____________________ therapist.

Question 23

Lee Ann's ____________________ psychotherapist draws attention to Lee Ann's posture, voice, and gestures in order to help Lee Ann to become fully aware of her feelings and "take care of unfinished business."

Question 24

Personal empowerment is the strength of existential therapy, while a focus on one's immediate awareness is the strength of Gestalt therapy.

Question 25

In a national survey, nearly nine out of ten people who have sought mental health care say their lives improved as a result of the treatment.

Question 26

Freud's theory of dream analysis is based on the assumption that the true meaning of a dream is found in its symbolic, ____________________ content.

Question 27

During self-directed desensitization, when one reaches a card that cannot be visualized without becoming tense in three attempts, one skips this card and proceeds to the next one.

Question 28

In ____________________ therapy, the psychologist is authentic and empathic, provides unconditional positive regard, and uses reflection.
or
or
or

Question 29

In ____________________ therapy, the clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems, while the therapist assists, but does not guide or give advice.
or

Question 30

In counseling a friend, you are most likely to experience the "Yes, but" game, according to Eric Berne, if you use reflection.

Question 31

____________________ is a grain fungus and a natural source of LSD, which produced psychotic symptoms in unsuspecting people of the Middle Ages when they ate rye bread tainted with it.

Question 32

Regarding family therapy, the therapist meets with the entire family at each session.

Question 33

Many former mental patients who were deinstitutionalized have become homeless or are repeatedly jailed for minor crimes.

Question 34

Somatic therapy is a therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others, who play supporting roles.

Question 35

_____________________ developed the psychotherapy known as _____________________, which viewed emotional problems like "hysteria" as originating from unconscious conflicts.
or

Question 36

Anxiolytics are used to reduce hallucinations and delusions.

Question 37

A therapist who seeks direct change of a client's unproductive thoughts, feelings, and behavior is using ____________________ therapy.

Question 38

Clients who like their therapists make more progress during therapy than those who do not like their therapists.

Question 39

Cheryl has been responding to her therapist with hostility during her sessions.Upon further investigation, her therapist realized that she was unconsciously projecting her anger and frustration associated with her birth mother on to her therapist.Cheryl is experiencing _____________________.

Question 40

Today the average stay in a psychiatric hospital is 20 days.

Question 41

A(n) ____________________ is a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client's problems.

Question 42

____________________ therapy includes any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, ECT, or psychosurgery.

Question 43

____________________ is the reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions that has resulted in many former patients being homeless or repeatedly jailed.

Question 44

_____________________ is a type of psychosurgery that involves disconnecting the frontal sections of the cortex from other areas of the brain.
or
or

Question 45

Participants in ____________________ groups take part in exercises, such as "trust walks" that gently enlarge self-awareness; while ____________________ groups emphasize tearing down defenses and false fronts.

Question 46

Rational-emotive behavior therapy attributes negative emotions to ____________________.

Question 47

____________________ allows the client and therapist to see and talk with each other over long distances through a two-way audio-video link, although it still lacks the close personal contact of face-to-face interaction.

Question 48

Adapting traditional theories and techniques to meet the needs of clients from non-European ethnic and racial groups and treating members of racial and ethnic communities as individuals are abilities exhibited by ____________________ therapists.
or

Question 49

Gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation describes the therapy technique known as _____________________.

Question 50

____________________ therapists try to change troublesome actions, while ____________________ therapists try to change thinking patterns that lead to troublesome emotions or behaviors.

Question 51

The use of classical or operant conditioning to directly alter human responses is known as ____________________.
or

Question 52

If Greg used the technique called ____________________ to reduce the time he spends watching TV, Greg would vividly imagine himself failing an important exam because he had watched too much TV.

Question 53

Jeffery and Logan are brothers who are fighting over a new toy.Their mother sends them to separate rooms until they can calm down and agree to share the toy and play "nicely." Mother is using the operant conditioning technique known as ____________________.
or

Question 54

____________________ therapy utilizes classical conditioning in helping individuals suppress an undesirable response by associating it with uncomfortable stimuli.

Question 55

The ____________________ technique, a component of psychodrama, involves a person observing another person re-enacting his or her behavior, like watching a character in a play.

Question 56

When a person blows a single, unpleasant event out of proportion by extending it to a large number of unrelated situations, the person is exhibiting ____________________.

Question 57

In order to treat his post-traumatic stress disorder, Tony is undergoing a treatment in which he is asked to visualize the images that most upset him, while the therapist moves a pencil rapidly from side to side in front of his eyes.Tony is undergoing ____________________.
or

Question 58

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) would most likely be used as a last resort treatment for severe ____________________, when it does not respond to any other treatment.

Question 59

You place a rubber band around your wrist.Every time you catch yourself engaging in negative self-talk, "pop" the rubber band as mild punishment.This technique is known as _____________________.
or

Question 60

Major tranquilizers are also referred to as ____________________ drugs.

Question 61

Explain how aversion therapy and systematic desensitization are both based on classical conditioning.

Question 62

Describe the four basic techniques used in Freudian psychoanalysis, and explain the purpose of each.

Question 63

Describe the four basic conditions that Carl Rogers believed that effective therapists should maintain.

Question 64

Explain how the rye fields during the Middle Ages led to a rise in the demonology explanation of mental illness.

Question 65

Describe whether each of the following therapies would be classified as either an insight therapy or an action therapy and whether each of the therapies would be considered directive or non-directive and EXPLAIN why they would be classified that way: psychoanalysis, client-centered therapy, existential therapy, Gestalt therapy, behavior therapy, Beck's cognitive therapy, and Ellis' rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Question 66

Explain how Albert Ellis uses his A-B-C analysis in Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT).
C.In between is B, the client's irrational and unrealistic beliefs.In this example, an unrealistic belief of "believing that one must be loved and approved of by everyone at all times" leads to unnecessary suffering, while a more realistic belief that this situation is sad but that not totally devastating since all relationships do not work out.REBT holds that events do not cause people to have feelings.People feel as they do because of their beliefs.

Question 67

You are preoccupied by the negative thought that "you will fail every test you take in college." How could you use thought-stopping to reduce the occurrence of this negative thought?

Question 68

What is a token economy, and how could be used in an institutional setting, such as a mental hospital?

Question 69

What was the prefrontal lobotomy, why is it no longer used, and what technique has replaced it?

Question 70

Your friend is going through a break-up with her boyfriend of several years.Describe how you can best counsel your friend.