Deck 15: Extension C: Therapies

Question 1

Those who enter formal psychotherapy can expect all of the following EXCEPT

A)a chance to practice new behaviors.
B)a setting for the free expression of emotions.
C)an explanation and rationale for the client's suffering.
D)insightful personality reorganization.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Goals of psychotherapy include

A)the resolution of conflicts.
B)changing unacceptable patterns of behavior.
C)restoring a sense of hope and optimism to clients.
D)all of these.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Eclectic therapists

A)tend to use an insight, non-directive approach.
B)tend to use an action-oriented, confrontive approach.
C)use whatever methods best fit a particular problem.
D)evaluate individuals before they take part in an encounter group.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The strength of rational-emotive behavior therapy involves

A)acceptance and empathy.
B)shared responsibility for problems.
C)a clarity of thinking and goals.
D)its emphasis on the resolution of "unfinished business."

Question 5

Master therapists have been found to share certain characteristics such as

A)developing their own subjective theories.
B)drawing on their experience with similar problems.
C)having experienced mental problems themselves.
D)a Type-A personality.

Question 6

Personal empowerment is the strength of _____ therapy, while a focus on one's immediate awareness is the strength of _____ therapy.

A)existential; Gestalt
B)psychoanalysis; behavior
C)behavior; cognitive
D)psychodrama; brief psychodynamic therapy

Question 7

Which of the following therapies has as its strength acceptance and empathy?

A)behavior therapy
B)client-centered therapy
C)family therapy
D)Gestalt therapy

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a goal of psychotherapy?

A)gaining insight
B)personality reorganization
C)resolution of conflicts
D)change in undesirable behaviors

Question 9

Which type of psychotherapy has as its strength productive use of conflict?

A)existential
B)Gestalt
C)brief psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Question 10

_____ therapists use whatever methods best fit a particular problem and often seek to combine the best elements of various therapies into more general systems.

A)Existential
B)Convergent
C)Eclectic
D)Divergent

Question 11

Which of the following has been shown by research to have the greatest impact on whether therapy succeeds?

A)the amount of emotional cartharsis that takes place
B)the strength of the therapeutic alliance
C)whether an explanation or rationale is found for the client's suffering
D)whether the client is given a chance to practice new behaviors in a real-life setting

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychotherapy?

A)finding purpose
B)learning to approach problems rationally
C)learning to repress one's emotions
D)restoring hope, courage, and optimism

Question 13

Which is NOT a characteristic of all psychotherapies?

A)Therapy provides a caring relationship between the client and therapist.
B)The emphasis is placed on past experiences.
C)A protected setting is offered for working out problems.
D)A rationale for the client's suffering and a proposed line of action to end the suffering is offered.

Question 14

To achieve its eight goals, psychotherapies offer

A)the therapeutic alliance.
B)a protected setting in which emotional catharsis can take place.
C)a rationale for the client's suffering.
D)all of these.

Question 15

Because therapies have much in common, a majority of psychologists have become more _____ in their work, using whatever methods best fit a particular problem.

A)existential
B)humanistic
C)eclectic
D)cognitive

Question 16

_____ is a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client's problems.

A)A therapeutic alliance
B)Carthartic bonding
C)The mirror effect
D)Reciprocal determination

Question 17

_____ provides constructive reenactments, while _____ encourages a shared responsibility for dealing with problems.

A)Psychodrama; family therapy
B)Gestalt therapy; existential therapy
C)Cognitive therapy; client-centered therapy
D)Behavior therapy; brief psychodynamic therapy

Question 18

Emotional rapport, warmth, friendship, understanding, acceptance, and empathy are the basis for the _____ that unites the client and therapist as they work together to solve the client's problems.

A)therapeutic alliance
B)carthartic bonding
C)mirror effect
D)reciprocal determination

Question 19

Jan's therapist uses an insight therapy in helping Jan to deal with her fears and anxieties.Her therapist is intent on having Jan focus on her immediate awareness and not indulge in the past.Jan's therapist is most likely a

A)psychoanalyst.
B)Gestalt therapist.
C)behavior therapist.
D)cognitive therapist.

Question 20

Jared's therapist uses an action therapy to help Jared to manage his anger.The therapist expects to see observable changes in Jared's reactions to frustrations and disappointments that in the past led to violent outbursts.Jared's therapist is most likely a

A)psychoanalyst.
B)Gestalt therapist.
C)behavior therapist.
D)client-centered therapist.

Question 21

An effective therapist

A)is an enthusiastic learner and values complexity and ambiguity.
B)is mentally healthy and mature and nurtures their own emotional well-being.
C)have strong social skills and expertly use these skills in therapy.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 22

Which of the following is a skill required of culturally skilled counselors?

A)being able to recognize and participate in cultural stereotypes
B)understanding the value system of a client's culture
C)treating members of diverse cultures differently, depending on one's stereotypes
D)encouraging the client's acculturation to the majority society's ideals

Question 23

According to your textbook, the future of psychotherapy will include an increase in all of the following EXCEPT

A)the use of computer-guided sessions that identify and help solve problems.
B)the use of psychiatrists and psychoanalysts.
C)telephone and Internet counseling.
D)more therapy being provided by master's level practitioners.

Question 24

By relying on "empirically-supported" therapies, all of the following will occur EXCEPT for clinicians

A)relying mainly on intuition in the selection of therapies for specific disorders.
B)seeking guidance from research experiments.
C)having a better understanding of which therapies "work" best for specific types of problems.
D)being able to weed out fringe "therapies" that have little or no value.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT an example of a behavior that would help if you were providing support and counseling to a friend?

A)acceptance
B)respect and genuineness
C)helping to establish blame
D)paraphrasing and reflecting

Question 26

In the example in the textbook regarding the Xhosa culture of South Africa, the young man, who was said to have "ifufunyane," was later diagnosed with schizophrenia by a psychiatrist.The young man

A)got much better when he took the antipsychotic drugs.
B)got much better when he was treated with traditional herbs.
C)got much better when he was treated with a combination of antipsychotic drugs and traditional herbs.
D)never got better since he was shunned by his family.

Question 27

In a recent study, clients worked through ten computer-guided sessions to treat relatively minor problems.Regarding this technique, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)The computer-guided sessions helped the clients to identify a problem.
B)The computer-guided sessions helped the clients to form a plan of action and work through carrying out the plan.
C)Most of the clients were satisfied with the help they received.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 28

In a recent study, clients worked through ten computer-guided sessions to treat relatively minor problems.Most of the

A)clients were satisfied with the help they received.
B)clients were very dissatisfied with the help they received.
C)clients were shocked that the computer-guided sessions cost more than regular therapy sessions.
D)clients' problems worsened during these waiting period sessions with the computer.

Question 29

Those who are effective therapists show they have

A)more cognitive and less social skills.
B)the ability to create a working alliance.
C)dealt with their own mental health problems.
D)one or two specific types of treatment they use.

Question 30

Adapting traditional theories and techniques to meet the needs of clients from non-European ethnic and racial groups and treating members of racial and ethnic communities as individuals are abilities exhibited by

A)sensitivity group therapists.
B)encounter group therapists.
C)culturally skilled therapists.
D)all of these.

Question 31

Regarding the predicted future of psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The use of lower cost Internet services, telephone counseling, and self-help groups will grow.
B)More therapy will be provided by psychiatrists and Ph.D.level practitioners.
C)There will be an increase in the use of short-term therapy and solution-focused, problem-solving approaches.
D)The use of psychoanalysis will decrease.

Question 32

Which of the following behaviors could you exhibit that would help another person to solve a personal problem?

A)judging and moralizing
B)reflecting feelings
C)probing painful topics
D)criticism of conduct

Question 33

A group of experts predicted that there would be an increase in therapy provided by master's-level practitioners, paraprofessionals, Internet services, telephone counseling, and self-help groups and a decrease in the use of psychiatrists and psychoanalysis.These future trends were predicted based on

A)pressures to reduce the cost of mental health services.
B)research that shows that paraprofessionals, self-help groups, and Internet counseling provide better care for clients than do psychiatrists.
C)the decreased attention span and motivational level of today's clients to participate in long-term therapy.
D)Internet and telephone services now being able to create the therapeutic alliance as well as long-term therapies did in the past.

Question 34

A major development has been in attempting to construct a list of "empirically supported therapies." These are techniques

A)that are regarded by renowned experts in psychology as the most effective.
B)that are regarded by the public as the most effective as documented by nationwide surveys.
C)are computer-guided sessions that help individuals to identify their problems and form plans of action.
D)that have been validated through research studies and work in clinics.

Question 35

To be culturally skilled, a therapist must be able to

A)establish rapport with those from different cultural backgrounds.
B)recognize and understand cultural differences.
C)use existing helping resources within the cultural group.
D)do all of these.

Question 36

A(n) _____ therapist is one who has the awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to treat clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.

A)existential
B)eclectic
C)positive psychology
D)culturally-skilled

Question 37

Which of the following would be a behavior that would help if you were providing support and comfort to a friend in distress?

A)helping the friend to place blame on the persons who upset him or her
B)using open-ended questions and supportive statements
C)probing painful topics to produce catharsis
D)showing impatience to encourage your friend to stop feeling "sorry" for him or herself

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT an example of a behavior that would help if you were providing support and counseling to a friend?

A)supportive statements
B)use of reflection
C)probing painful topics
D)paraphrasing

Question 39

In dealing with clients from different cultures, it is valuable for a therapist to be able to

A)treat members of racial or ethnic communities as individuals.
B)be aware of a client's ethnic identity and degree of acculturation to the majority society.
C)use existing helping resources within a cultural group to support efforts to resolve problems.
D)do all of these.

Question 40

Another major development has been that psychologists are making progress in identifying _____ therapies that rely on guidelines developed through clinical practice and from research experiments.

A)intuitive
B)evidence-based
C)psychodynamic
D)existentially-supported

Question 41

Ashley is counseling her best friend who says she is depressed.Ashley asks her friend if she feels depressed just at school or if she feels this way in other situations.Ashley is using which basic counseling skill?

A)giving advice
B)clarifying the problem
C)imposing her view of reality on the problem
D)keeping the conversation going with absolutely no silence

Question 42

In counseling a friend, you are most likely to experience the "Yes, but" game, according to Eric Berne, if you

A)use closed questions.
B)give advice.
C)use reflection.
D)fail to maintain confidentiality.

Question 43

Darnell's friend has just broken up with his girlfriend and appears depressed.Which of the following statements should Darnell use to effectively counsel his friend?

A)"Cheer up, there are plenty of girls at this college.Just go ask another one out."
B)"Go buy some flowers and surprise her.She'll take you back."
C)"You're better off without her.She was a nag, and she was spending all of your money."
D)"How are you feeling about breaking up with her?"

Question 44

Which of the following is listed as an effective counseling skill in your text?

A)Focus on trying to understand the cause of the behavior.
B)Provide multiple solutions for the client's problems.
C)Ask open-ended questions.
D)Keep the conversation going with absolutely no silence.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT an effective counseling skill?

A)active listening
B)focusing on feelings
C)providing several solutions to the problem
D)accepting the person's perception of the world

Question 46

Which of the following therapies would be considered a somatic therapy?

A)pharmacotherapy
B)electroconvulsive therapy
C)psychosurgery
D)all of these

Question 47

Pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all forms of

A)psychotherapy.
B)phototherapy.
C)somatic therapy.
D)physiotherapy.

Question 48

Your friend Linda comes to you with a personal problem.Which of the following behaviors should you AVOID?

A)pauses longer that a couple of seconds
B)saying she is really at fault for her own problems
C)paraphrasing her statements into your words
D)asking open-ended questions

Question 49

When you are using the counseling skill known as reflection, you

A)give feedback by simply restating what was said.
B)ask open-ended questions.
C)encourage catharsis by eliciting defensiveness in the person you are counseling.
D)do all of these.

Question 50

In counseling a friend, which of the following would NOT be one of your goals?

A)providing advice regarding a solution for your friend's problem
B)helping to clarify your friend's problem
C)providing support
D)accepting your friend's frame of reference

Question 51

Your text suggests that the two things which are the greatest mental health resources are

A)confidentiality and listening.
B)friendship and honest communication.
C)a good therapist and empathy.
D)a public commitment to mental health and well trained professionals.

Question 52

Your friend has just confided in you that she has failed a test.Which of the following statements would be the most helpful?

A)"If you study a little more, I'm sure you will do better."
B)"That teacher gives the hardest tests and is so unfair."
C)"I failed a test my first year, too.You'll get over it."
D)"You must be feeling very frustrated."

Question 53

Major mental disorders such as schizophrenia or major depressive disorders are more often treated with _____ than with _____.

A)psychotherapy; somatic therapy
B)psychosurgery; drugs
C)counseling; hospitalization
D)somatic therapy; psychotherapy

Question 54

The basic counseling skill of accepting the person's frame of reference involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)trying to understand the person's viewpoint.
B)not imposing your opinions on the person seeking help.
C)examining the person's problem through your own experiences.
D)recognizing that there is no one "correct" perspective.

Question 55

Regarding somatic therapy, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Somatic therapy is often done in the context of psychiatric hospitalization.
B)Major mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and major depression, are most often treated with somatic therapy.
C)Somatic therapy includes electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT an effective counseling skill?

A)asking closed questions
B)pausing five seconds or more before responding to the person
C)accepting the person's frame of reference
D)giving feedback by restating what the person has said

Question 57

_____ includes any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, ECT, or psychosurgery.

A)Somatic therapy
B)Neurobiological therapy
C)Psychotherapy
D)Biopsychotherapy

Question 58

_____ is often used to treat major mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, and are typically administered by psychiatrists.

A)Psychotherapy
B)Somatic therapy
C)Neurobiological therapy
D)Biopsychotherapy

Question 59

Your friend, Kiki, comes to you with a personal problem.The first thing you should do to counsel her is to

A)give her advice on what she should do.
B)ask a lot of questions to get her talking.
C)tell her what you would do in her situation.
D)actively listen to try to clarify the problem.

Question 60

Anna tells her friend Jeffrey that she is thinking about "dropping out of college." Jeffrey asks her, "Are you having trouble with your science and math courses? Did you talk to your instructors? Are you having trouble with your boyfriend?" Jeffrey's attempts to help might be more successful if he

A)asked more specific closed questions.
B)explained how he studied for his college classes.
C)told some of Anna's female friends about her problems so they could help her.
D)refrained from doing any of these.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT an example of a major tranquilizer?

A)Haldol
B)Clozaril
C)Thorazine
D)Elavil

Question 62

The use of drugs to alleviate the symptoms of emotional disturbance is known as

A)ECT.
B)psychotherapy.
C)pharmacotherapy.
D)lithiotherapy.

Question 63

Anxiolytics are generally used to

A)improve the mood of depressed patients.
B)calm agitated patients.
C)prevent hallucinations.
D)mimic the effects of psychosis for research purposes.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT one of the major advantages of antipsychotic drugs?

A)They are known to reduce or eliminate delusions in many patients.
B)They have been helpful in treating some cases of schizophrenia that were considered hopeless.
C)They typically cause only minor side effects.
D)They have shortened hospital stays.

Question 65

The drugs used in pharmacotherapy

A)generally cure mental illness.
B)also help patients benefit from psychotherapy.
C)chemically remove a patient's underlying problems.
D)tend to be under-utilized in most treatment settings.

Question 66

Anxiolytics

A)produce relaxation.
B)elevate mood.
C)reduce hallucinations.
D)eliminate delusions.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antidepressant?

A)Haldol
B)Zoloft
C)Prozac
D)Elavil

Question 68

Valium is used to produce relaxation or reduce anxiety and would be classified as a(n)

A)antipsychotic.
B)major tranquilizer.
C)antidepressant.
D)anxiolytic.

Question 69

Which of the following types of drugs are used to reduce hallucinations and delusions?

A)antidepressants
B)anxiolytics
C)major tranquilizers
D)energizers

Question 70

Regarding pharmacotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)It involves the use of drugs to treat behavioral and emotional problems.
B)It involves other medical treatments, such as ECT or EMDR.
C)It is considered a type of somatic therapy.
D)It is most beneficial when used in combination with some form of psychotherapy.

Question 71

Regarding the use of drugs to treat emotional disturbances, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The use of drugs has radically changed the atmosphere in psychiatric wards.
B)Hospital stays have become longer in order to regulate the patient's medication.
C)Drugs have made it possible for many people to return to the community and be treated on an outpatient basis.
D)For serious mental disorders, a combination of medication and psychotherapy almost always works better than drugs alone.

Question 72

The main effect of antidepressants is

A)relaxation and the reduction of anxiety.
B)a tranquilizing effect.
C)a reduction in delusions.
D)mood-elevation.

Question 73

Regarding the drugs Clozaril and Risperdal, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)They have both been successful in treating schizophrenia.
B)They both have potentially lethal side effects.
C)They are not cure-alls for psychotic disorders.
D)They both need to be prescribed carefully due to possible medical complications.

Question 74

The three major types of drugs are

A)antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics.
B)anxiolytics, antianxiety, and psychotropics.
C)detoxifying, antidepressants, antipsychotics.
D)minor tranquilizers, major tranquilizers, and anti-anxiety.

Question 75

Major tranquilizers are also referred to as _____ drugs.

A)anxiolytic
B)antidepressant
C)antipsychotic
D)narcoleptic

Question 76

Which of the following would NOT be classified as an anxiolytic?

A)Valium
B)Risperdal
C)Xanax
D)Ativan

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of drugs used in pharmacotherapy?

A)anxiolytics
B)antidepressants
C)major tranquilizers
D)narcoleptics

Question 78

All of the following are listed in your text as possible side effects of antipsychotic drugs EXCEPT

A)vision problems.
B)neurological disorders.
C)rhythmic facial and mouth movements.
D)blood disorders.

Question 79

One of the drawbacks of using pharmacotherapy with psychotic disorders is that it

A)does not relieve the symptoms of mental illness.
B)may cause adverse neurological side effects, such as rhythmic facial and mouth movements.
C)results in longer, more expensive hospital stays.
D)does not work as well as long-term psychotherapy for psychotic disorders.

Question 80

Pharmacotherapy can best be described as the use of

A)drugs to change a client's personality.
B)drugs to alleviate the symptoms of emotional disturbances.
C)electroconvulsive treatment and psychosurgeries.
D)medicine and other techniques to treat bodily symptoms.