Deck 15: Extension A: Therapies

Question 1

Psychoanalysis and the humanistic therapies are considered to be _____ therapies, since both seek to lead clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

A)directive
B)non-directive
C)action
D)insight

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A verbal interaction between a trained mental health professional and several clients at the same time is called

A)meta-analysis.
B)individual therapy.
C)insight therapy.
D)group therapy.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Gaining understanding is to making direct changes as

A)directive therapy is to non-directive therapy.
B)action therapy is to insight therapy.
C)non-directive therapy is to directive therapy.
D)insight therapy is to action therapy.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Reality therapy, client-centered therapy, psychoanalysis, and behavioral therapies are all forms of

A)psychotherapy.
B)meta-analysis.
C)pharmacotherapy.
D)somatic therapy.

Question 5

A therapist guides a client by giving instructions, interpretations, or solutions, and by making decisions.The therapist's approach can be described as _____ therapy.

A)directive
B)action
C)non-directive
D)time-limited

Question 6

Psychotherapy, as it is most often used, implies the use of

A)drugs.
B)somatic therapy.
C)verbal interactions.
D)all of these.

Question 7

_____ therapy involves only one client and one therapist, while _____ therapy involves several clients participating at the same time.

A)Insight; action
B)Individual; group
C)Non-directive; directive
D)Supportive; time-limited

Question 8

_____ therapy is designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts and behavior, without seeking an understanding into the origins of these thoughts and behaviors.

A)Directive
B)Non-directive
C)Action
D)Insight

Question 9

Which form of therapy places responsibility for the course of therapy on the client?

A)insight therapy
B)action therapy
C)directive therapy
D)non-directive therapy

Question 10

The goal of _____ therapy is to lead clients to a deeper understanding of the origins of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

A)directive
B)non-directive
C)action
D)insight

Question 11

Psychotherapy includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)the use of pharmacotherapy.
B)verbal interactions between therapists and clients.
C)the use of learning principles to directly alter troublesome behaviors.
D)the use of different concepts and methods with different clients.

Question 12

The goal of _____ therapy is to lead clients to a deeper understanding of the original of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, while _____ therapy is designed to bring about changes in troublesome thoughts and behaviors, without seeking an understanding into the origins of these thoughts and behaviors.

A)supportive; time-limited
B)directive; non-directive
C)action; insight
D)insight; action

Question 13

In the therapeutic approach known as reality therapy, clients sign contracts in which they agree to make constructive changes in their behavior and relationships.Therefore, reality therapy would best be described as a(n)

A)action therapy.
B)insight therapy.
C)non-directive therapy.
D)supportive therapy.

Question 14

Elizabeth is a psychologist who facilitates her clients in discovering insight into their condition by providing a psychologically safe environment and by acting as a psychological "mirror" to reflect their thoughts and feelings.However, Elizabeth does not give advice or provide strong guidance during this process.Therefore, Elizabeth would be considered a(n)

A)action therapist.
B)somatic therapist.
C)non-directive therapist.
D)desensitization therapist.

Question 15

Brian is a psychologist.He has his clients sign contracts and gives them "homework," which they must complete and then report the results of these actions to him at the next session.Brian's type of therapy would best be described as

A)supportive therapy.
B)somatic therapy.
C)insight therapy.
D)directive therapy.

Question 16

Since cognitive and behavioral therapies change troublesome thoughts and behaviors without looking for the origins of these thoughts and behaviors, these therapies would be considered _____ therapies.

A)directive
B)non-directive
C)action
D)insight

Question 17

In _____ therapy, the clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems, while the therapist assists, but does not guide or give advice.

A)action
B)non-directive
C)directive
D)somatic

Question 18

A psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person's personality, behavior, or personal adjustment defines

A)pharmacotherapy.
B)somatotherapy.
C)psychotherapy.
D)psychosurgery.

Question 19

Which of the following would be the best definition of psychotherapy?

A)The use of drugs and other medical techniques to alleviate the symptoms of emotional disturbance.
B)A technique in which improvement is caused not by the process but by the client's expectation.
C)A psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person's personality, behavior, or personal adjustment.
D)A psychological technique in which a group of people who share a particular type of problem provide mutual support and counseling for one another.

Question 20

Connie has signed up to participate in a divorce recovery group that will also include eight sessions of individual therapy.This individual therapy would best be described as

A)time-limited therapy.
B)insight therapy.
C)action therapy.
D)non-directive therapy.

Question 21

Mr.Barlow is seeking a therapist to help him cope with his son's drug abuse.He wants to see someone who will give him clear, direct advice about his problems and will help him accomplish goals in a few sessions.Mr.Barlow would probably be most satisfied with a therapist who uses the _____ and _____ approaches.

A)insight; time-limited
B)directive; time-limited
C)action; supportive
D)individual; supportive

Question 22

A sense of identity, a purpose in life, and adaptive coping strategies are cited in your textbook as the

A)elements of positive mental health.
B)goals of somatic therapy.
C)results of deinstitutionalization.
D)goals of encounter groups.

Question 23

Regarding psychotherapy, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Psychotherapy is not restricted to solving psychological problems, but can facilitate personal growth.
B)Chances for improvement through psychotherapy are fairly good for phobias, low self-esteem, and marital conflicts.
C)Psychotherapy may be beneficial to someone who is trying to solve a personal crisis.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 24

Therapists seek to restore or promote

A)the capacity to forgive oneself for mistakes.
B)adaptive coping skills.
C)interpersonal communication skills.
D)all of these.

Question 25

_____ therapy involves techniques designed to enhance personal strengths, rather than "fix" weaknesses.

A)Self-actualization
B)Validation
C)Positive
D)Alliance

Question 26

Dr.Peters begins a psychotherapy session by saying to her client, "I know you have been going through a lot of changes recently with the loss of your job and separation from your husband.That must be very difficult for you." Dr.Peters is most likely using the _____ approach to psychotherapy.

A)action
B)positive
C)supportive
D)time-limited

Question 27

A therapy does not always have to be used for problems and crises it can also be used for personal growth and

A)enrichment.
B)desensitization.
C)symptom reduction.
D)all of these.

Question 28

If a therapist's goal is not to promote changes in the client's personality or behavior, but rather to help him or her get through an emotional crisis or solve day-to-day problems, the therapist would be considered a(n) _____ therapist.

A)insight
B)action
C)somatic
D)supportive

Question 29

Regarding psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Psychotherapy can be hard work for both clients and therapists.
B)Chances for improvement through psychotherapy are fairly good for phobias, low self-esteem, some sexual problems, and marital conflicts.
C)Positive therapy is used to fix a person's weaknesses so that they can attain their personal goals.
D)Even when problems are severe, therapy may help a person gain a new perspective or learn behaviors to better cope with life.

Question 30

Which of the following is the most likely outcome for psychotherapy?

A)a complete personal transformation
B)a renewal of intellectual and creative abilities
C)overcoming the effects of early psychologically damaging experiences
D)learning skills to better cope with stress

Question 31

Miranda wants to begin therapy because she has frequent conflicts with her boyfriend and she has been feeling very stuck in her current job situation.Miranda is most likely to benefit from a therapist who tries to facilitate _____ and _____ in his/her clients.

A)better personal relationships; good physical health
B)autonomy; honesty
C)autonomy; nurturance
D)better personal relationships; personal and professional growth

Question 32

Regarding psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Some therapies are conducted in a group setting.
B)Therapy is sometimes undertaken to resolve deep psychological problems.
C)Some therapies encourage personal growth for people who are functioning effectively.
D)Therapy provides an individual with a complete personal transformation.

Question 33

Positive therapy involves techniques designed to

A)fix a persons weaknesses and reduce vulnerability.
B)enhance personal strengths.
C)help people with similar problems to cope through mutual interdependence.
D)reduce depression and rebuild self-esteem.

Question 34

Michelle has gained a great deal of weight since her divorce.Although she left an abusive relationship, she still feels that she is not worthy to enter into another relationship.Michelle would most likely benefit from a therapist who tries to facilitate _____ and _____ in his/her clients.

A)good habits of physical health; feelings of personal worth
B)autonomy; honesty
C)self-awareness; nurturance
D)self-control and personal responsibility; better personal relationships

Question 35

Which of the following promotes mental health?

A)sense of identity
B)personal autonomy
C)self-control
D)all of these

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT considered a possible outcome of psychotherapy?

A)providing comfort and support
B)learning new coping skills
C)promoting personal growth
D)undoing a person's past history

Question 37

Which of the following is an element of positive mental health?

A)insensitivity to the demands of others
B)individualism
C)capacity to forgive
D)extroversion

Question 38

Psychotherapy is best viewed as

A)the most effective way to undo the past in order to correct severe problems.
B)a major overhaul of the psyche.
C)a way to make constructive changes.
D)applicable only to those with psychological problems.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT an element of positive mental health?

A)increased sensitivity and trust
B)increased self-awareness and self-control
C)increased interdependence with other people
D)increased fulfillment and satisfaction in work

Question 40

After initial consultation, a psychotherapist practicing _____ therapy agrees to see the client for no more than five additional sessions.

A)time-limited
B)action
C)insight
D)non-directive

Question 41

_____ developed the psychotherapy known as _____, which viewed emotional problems like "hysteria" as originating from unconscious conflicts.

A)Frankl; logotherapy
B)Perls; Gestalt psychotherapy
C)Rogers; client-centered therapy
D)Freud; psychoanalysis

Question 42

During the Middle Ages, the treatment for abnormal behavior was _____, which often involved physical torture in order to "cast out the evil spirits."

A)psychodrama
B)exorcism
C)ergotism
D)asceticism

Question 43

In Europe, exorcism was used as a treatment at a time when _____ prevailed as an approach to abnormal behavior.

A)trepanning
B)humanism
C)demonology
D)Gestaltism

Question 44

Regarding the primitive approaches used as therapy for mental illness, which of the following statements is/are true?

A)Archaeological findings dating to the Stone Age suggest that most primitive approaches were marked by fear and superstitious belief in demons, witchcraft, and magic.
B)In ancient times, trepanning meant boring, chipping, or bashing holes into a patient's head to relieve pressure or release evil spirits.
C)During the Middle Ages when mental illness focused on demonology, physical torture was used to make the body an inhospitable place for the devil to reside.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 45

Regarding trepanning, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)As a primitive technique, it was done to relieve pressure or release evil spirits.
B)Some "patients" actually survived the primitive treatment of trepanning.
C)Trepanning, also called trephining, is used today and refers to any surgical procedure in which a hole is bored in the skull.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 46

Humane treatment for the mentally ill was brought about by the work of _____, who literally unchained the "patients" in European asylums in 1793.

A)Frankl
B)Pinel
C)Perls
D)Wolpe

Question 47

Exorcism

A)was a religious ritual.
B)was used to "cast out" evil spirits.
C)often involved physical torture.
D)involved all of these.

Question 48

Trepanning, as a primitive procedure, involved boring a hole into the skull to

A)release "evil spirits."
B)shock patients into a remission of symptoms.
C)coerce and control disruptive patients.
D)punish those who had committed crimes.

Question 49

Ergot

A)was used to treat patients after trepanning.
B)can cause convulsions, delirium, and hallucinations.
C)is a bacterium discovered by Pinel that causes mental illness.
D)was the term applied to the ravings of lunatics.

Question 50

During the Middle Ages, if people ate rye bread tainted by a grain fungus, they would develop a psychotic-like condition, which was attributed to demon possession then, but which we now know as

A)anxiolytics.
B)psychotropics.
C)ergotism.
D)trepanning.

Question 51

As a modern procedure, trepanning, also called trephining, involves

A)the use of computer-generated images to present fear stimuli in the desensitization process.
B)the suppression of an undesirable response by associating it with aversive stimuli.
C)passing an electric shock directly through the brain to induce a convulsion.
D)any surgical procedure in which a hole is bored into the skull.

Question 52

_____ was a primitive procedure that was used to "release evil spirits" and consisted of boring, chipping, or bashing holes in the patients' heads.

A)Ergotism
B)Trepanning
C)ECT
D)REBT

Question 53

Modern analysis of "demonic possession" suggest that many victims were suffering from which of the following conditions?

A)epilepsy
B)schizophrenia or depression
C)dissociative disorders
D)all of these

Question 54

The first true psychotherapy was developed by _____ around the turn of the century to treat cases of _____.

A)Freud; hysteria
B)Pinel; psychosis
C)Eysenck; neurosis
D)Bicétre; hysteria

Question 55

Ergotism refers to

A)a primitive form of drug therapy.
B)a form of demonic possession that was treated by trepanning.
C)reactions to LSD chemicals found in a fungus.
D)a treatment designed to expand sensory experience.

Question 56

One thing that both trepanning and exorcism have in common is that both were used

A)to cause ergotism.
B)by Pinel in the Bicetre Asylum.
C)to remove evil spirits.
D)to treat cases of hysteria.

Question 57

In 1793, French doctor _____ changed the Bicetre Asylum in Paris from a squalid "madhouse" into a mental hospital by unchaining the inmates and treating them humanely and compassionately.

A)Victor Frankl
B)Philippe Pinel
C)Fritz Perls
D)Joseph Wolpe

Question 58

For what is Philippe Pinel most famous?

A)changing an asylum in Paris into a mental hospital
B)discovering that the grain fungus ergot caused a psychotic-like condition
C)developing the technique of trephining to alleviate pressure in the brain
D)developing the psychotherapy known as existentialism

Question 59

Your next door neighbor believes that people who suffer from mental illness are possessed by the devil or have been cursed by witches or wizards.Your neighbor believes in _____ as a cause of mental illness.

A)demonology
B)asceticism
C)Gestaltism
D)ergotism

Question 60

During the Middle Ages, treatments for mental illness in Europe focused on _____, which blamed abnormal behavior on supernatural forces, such as possession by the devil and on curses from witches and wizards.

A)demonology
B)asceticism
C)Gestaltism
D)ergotism

Question 61

_____ believed that dreams provide a "royal road to the unconscious" because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings are freely expressed.

A)Maslow
B)Rogers
C)Ellis
D)Freud

Question 62

Freud believed that neuroses

A)were caused by repressed conflicts, particularly those stemming from instinctual drives for sex and aggression.
B)forced people to develop rigid ego-defense mechanisms.
C)caused people to devote excessive amounts of time and energy to compulsive and self-defeating behaviors.
D)involved all of these.

Question 63

Saying whatever comes to mind, even if it seems senseless, painful, or embarrassing, is part of the Freudian technique known as

A)dream analysis.
B)analysis of transference.
C)free association.
D)analysis of resistance.

Question 64

Sigmund Freud became convinced that the "hysteria" his patients were suffering from was caused by

A)a faulty self-image.
B)unconscious conflicts.
C)bizarre dreams.
D)transference.

Question 65

Freud believed that _____ provide(s) a "royal road to the unconscious" because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings are freely expressed.

A)transference
B)resistance
C)dreams
D)free association

Question 66

A psychoanalyst who believes in the theories of Freud would see psychopathology as caused by

A)birth trauma.
B)deeply hidden unconscious conflicts.
C)bizarre dreams.
D)immature personal relationships.

Question 67

Free association is a basic technique in

A)psychoanalysis.
B)action therapy.
C)logotherapy.
D)directive therapy.

Question 68

The purpose of free association is to

A)create a psychologically safe environment for the client.
B)reflect the client's thoughts and feelings so the client can see them more clearly.
C)lowering defenses so that unconscious thoughts and feelings will emerge.
D)challenge irrational beliefs of the patient so that constructive changes can be made.

Question 69

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to

A)bring an end to irrational internal dialogue.
B)provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathy.
C)reduce internal conflicts that lead to emotional suffering.
D)apply learning principles to change maladaptive behaviors.

Question 70

Aaron is asked by his therapist to relax and talk about any thoughts that come into his head, letting his thoughts move freely from one idea to the next.Aaron's therapist is using which psychoanalytic technique?

A)analysis of transference
B)reciprocal inhibition
C)reflection
D)free association

Question 71

Many of Freud's first patients had physical symptoms, such as paralysis or numbness, for which no physical causes could be found.Freud called this condition

A)schizophrenia.
B)an organic psychosis.
C)hysteria.
D)ergotism.

Question 72

Freud called his form of psychotherapy

A)hysteria therapy.
B)somatotherapy.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)transference therapy.

Question 73

Free association, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference are aspects of which psychotherapy?

A)Gestalt psychotherapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)existential therapy
D)rational-emotive behavioral therapy

Question 74

The first true psychotherapy was developed to help people suffering from what was then called hysteria, a condition which is now known as

A)dissociative disorders.
B)schizophrenia.
C)bipolar disorders.
D)somatoform disorders.

Question 75

Freud's method of psychotherapy involved

A)bringing to an end the patient's irrational and self-defeating internal dialogue.
B)unconditional positive regard and empathy.
C)free association, dream analysis, and transference.
D)drugs and psychosurgery.

Question 76

Freud's theory was based on the belief that neuroses were caused by

A)repressed memories, motives, and conflicts.
B)learned maladaptive behaviors.
C)negative self-regard.
D)destructive interpersonal relationships.

Question 77

Analysis of resistance and transference are standard features of

A)client-centered therapy.
B)Gestalt therapy.
C)REBT.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 78

Freud considered the distinction between manifest content and latent content essential for

A)free association.
B)dream analysis.
C)resistance.
D)transference.

Question 79

Freud's patients usually reclined on a couch during therapy.This arrangement

A)also included Freud sitting out of sight, taking notes, and offering interpretations.
B)was supposed to encourage a free flow of thoughts and images from the unconscious.
C)was the least important feature of psychoanalysis, and many modern analysts have abandoned it.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 80

The purpose of free association and dream analysis is to

A)confront patients' irrational beliefs.
B)uncover the unconscious roots of neurosis.
C)discover the patient's ideal self.
D)increase the use of ego defense mechanisms.