Deck 13: Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Question 1

High levels of stress, overeating, and unsafe sexual behavior are _____ risk factors that increase chance of injury or illness.

A)refusal skills
B)moderate
C)behavioral
D)emotional

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Dr.Gerschivin is a psychologist that teaches people how to relieve pain, cope with chronic illnesses, and to perform self-screenings to prevent diseases, such as cancer.Dr.Gerschivin is working in the field of

A)medical psychology.
B)behavioral medicine.
C)homeopathic psychology.
D)developmental medicine.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Periods of stress are frequently followed by

A)periods of no stress.
B)periods of more intense stress.
C)illness.
D)good health.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A graduate student in psychology who decides on a career applying psychological knowledge to medical problems, such as diabetes or asthma is choosing

A)behavioral medicine.
B)psychoneurology.
C)medical psychology.
D)neurophysiology.

Question 5

The concept of behavioral risk factors is associated with which of the following?

A)the probability of becoming schizophrenic
B)causes of physical disease
C)the probability of committing suicide
D)predicting the chance of developing any mental disorder

Question 6

Major behavioral risk factors include which of the following?

A)inadequate exercise
B)reckless driving
C)excess sun exposure
D)all of these

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning behavioral risk factors is TRUE?

A)Almost all of the causes of poor health are beyond one's control.
B)Luckily, unhealthy lifestyles usually center around one type of risk factor so that managing the behavior is relatively easy.
C)All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors have a general disease-prone personality type.
D)Some behaviors and lifestyles promote health, whereas others lead to illness and death.

Question 8

Obesity is considered a behavioral risk factor for many affluent nations.In the United States, it is currently estimated that _____ percent of all adults are overweight.

A)35
B)50
C)65
D)80

Question 9

According to your textbook, _____ are actions that increase the chances of disease, injury, or early death.

A)health refusal factors
B)neuroimmune risk factors
C)behavioral risk factors
D)Type B personality traits

Question 10

The concept of lifestyle illness is associated with

A)the causes of death at the turn of the century.
B)infectious diseases and accidents.
C)the probability of being pressured into committing suicide.
D)modern causes of death.

Question 11

Dr.Jade is involved with how behavioral factors in medicine, physical illness, and medical treatment influence patients with Alzheimer's disease.Her specialty is _____ medicine.

A)forensic
B)longitudinal
C)psychiatric
D)behavioral

Question 12

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the major behavioral risk factors.
B)Smoking is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C)A person who is overweight at age 20 can expect to lose 5 to 20 years of life expectancy.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 13

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Almost half of all deaths in the United States can be traced to unhealthful behaviors.
B)Obesity is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C)Being overweight doubles the chance of dying from cancer or heart disease.
D)Roughly 65 percent of all American adults are overweight.

Question 14

Lifestyle diseases are of special interest to _____ psychologists.

A)health
B)community
C)wellness
D)psychosomatic

Question 15

A century ago, people primarily died from _____, while today people generally die from _____.

A)infectious diseases and accidents; lifestyle diseases
B)lifestyle diseases; infectious diseases and accidents
C)lifestyle diseases; suicide and accidents
D)suicide and accidents; infectious diseases

Question 16

Unhealthy lifestyles are marked by the presence of a number of

A)health refusal factors.
B)behavioral risk factors.
C)cultural stressors.
D)Type B personality traits.

Question 17

Heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer are examples of _____, which often result from health-damaging personal habits.

A)dissociative disorders
B)traumatic stress diseases
C)lifestyle diseases
D)factious disorders

Question 18

Health psychology is best defined as the

A)study of the ways in which psychological principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.
B)use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems.
C)study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in the presence, actual or implied, of others.
D)study of behavioral factors in medicine, physical illness, and medical treatment.

Question 19

The branch of psychology that studies how behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health is known as

A)developmental psychology.
B)health psychology.
C)behavioral psychology.
D)stress psychology.

Question 20

_____ is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the U.S.with _____ soon to overtake it as the main cause.

A)Being overweight; unsafe sexual behavior
B)Smoking; being overweight
C)Being overweight; high levels of stress
D)Abuse of alcohol or other drugs; unsafe sexual behavior

Question 21

Men and women engaging in health-promoting behaviors, such as getting adequate sleep, maintaining an ideal weight, and limiting use of alcohol, can expect to

A)psychologically crave a more exciting life.
B)increase their life expectancy.
C)be envious of friends who are risk-takers.
D)have happiness and harmony in their relationships with others.

Question 22

The term disease-prone personality refers to a person who

A)engages constantly in cigarette smoking.
B)drives at excessive speeds.
C)has persistent negative emotions associated with poor health.
D)is uncontrollable violent.

Question 23

At least 30 percent of U.S.high school students have engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors in the previous month?

A)rode with a drinking driver
B)did not get enough exercise
C)was in a physical fight
D)all of these

Question 24

Regarding lifestyle and health, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Small risks can add up, dramatically raising the chance of illness.
B)Most infectious diseases are not linked to behavioral risks.
C)Pneumonia occurs at high rates in people who have cancer, heart disease, lung disease, or liver disease.
D)Those people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.

Question 25

The risk of dying was cut by _____ percent during a ten year period for adults who were careful about diet, alcohol, exercise, and smoking.

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)65

Question 26

To prevent disease, health psychologists first try to

A)remove behavioral risk factors.
B)compensate for genetic predispositions.
C)use maintenance doses of medication.
D)use quarantines to alleviate the threat to healthy individuals.

Question 27

Megan is often so depressed that she eats and sleeps poorly, rarely exercises, and has been smoking more.According to health psychologists, Megan is exhibiting a

A)disease-prone personality.
B)Type B personality.
C)behavioral risk personality.
D)stress-prone personality.

Question 28

Unhealthy lifestyles almost always create multiple risks, such as

A)people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.
B)people who smoke are also likely to drink excessively.
C)pneumonia occurs at high rates in people who have cancer, heart disease, lung disease, or liver disease.
D)all of these.

Question 29

Those who are compassionate, resourceful, optimistic, and non-hostile tend to have

A)good health.
B)more money.
C)more sexual partners.
D)more depression.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the major behavioral risk factors listed in your textbook?

A)high levels of stress
B)eating a Mediterranean diet.
C)inadequate exercise
D)excess sun exposure

Question 31

A disease-prone personality includes which of the following characteristics?

A)depression
B)anxiety
C)hostility
D)all of these characteristics

Question 32

The disease-prone personality is characterized by

A)mania.
B)extraversion.
C)hostility.
D)Type-B attributes.

Question 33

According to your textbook, which of the following risky behaviors do 78 percent of adolescents typically exhibit?

A)smoking cigarettes
B)drinking alcohol
C)not eating enough fruits and vegetables
D)not getting enough exercise

Question 34

At least 45 percent of U.S.high school students have engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors in the previous month?

A)used marijuana
B)engaged in sexual intercourse
C)carried a weapon
D)smoked cigarettes

Question 35

According to Gurun, Vaillant, and Mukamal, the health habits that people have by the time they are _____ will greatly affect their health, happiness, and life expectancy years later.

A)10 to 12 years of age
B)18 to 19 years of age
C)25 to 30 years of age
D)40 to 45 years of age

Question 36

_____ personality is associated with a person being frequently ill and is marked by persistent negative emotions, including anxiety, hostility, and depression.

A)Type B
B)Behavioral risk
C)Stress-prone
D)Disease-prone

Question 37

As discussed in your textbook, lifestyle diseases related to just six behaviors - smoking, alcohol and drug use, poor diet, insufficient exercise, and risky sexual practices - account for _____ percent of all medical costs.

A)25
B)40
C)55
D)70

Question 38

Which of the following factors are aspects of a person with a disease-prone personality?

A)frequent illness
B)easy going manner
C)low stress
D)calm

Question 39

Jason has high blood pressure.Changes he can make to treat this lifestyle disease include

A)consuming less sodium (salt).
B)getting more exercise and losing weight.
C)using alcohol sparingly.
D)all of these.

Question 40

_____, in particular, is likely to damage health, since individuals with this condition tend to eat poorly, sleep poorly, rarely exercise, fail to use seat belts in cars, and smoke too much.

A)Anxiety
B)Depression
C)Pessimism
D)Dissociative disorder

Question 41

According to a recent study, the healthiest people eat what would be described as a(n) _____ diet, which is high in fruit, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat and dairy products.

A)American
B)Mediterranean
C)Asian
D)Hawaiian

Question 42

An increased risk of stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, high blood pressure, and heart disorders has been found from

A)consuming one alcoholic drink per day.
B)consuming two alcoholic drinks per day.
C)consuming three or more alcoholic drinks per day.
D)none of these, since a person would have to consume at least six alcoholic drinks per day to increase his or her risk of these conditions.

Question 43

Regarding school-based antismoking programs, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Many of the programs are designed to persuade students that smoking is dangerous and "uncool."
B)The attitudes of teens toward smoking have not changed dramatically in the last 20 years.
C)Some antismoking programs are helping youths to learn to resist peer pressure to begin smoking.
D)Some antismoking programs include methods to cope with stress without turning to smoking and drug use.

Question 44

The best way to deal with smoking involves campaigns to

A)help people reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day.
B)prevent cigarette smoking before it begins.
C)help people change to smokeless tobacco products.
D)reduce the nicotine levels in cigarettes.

Question 45

According to your textbook, the largest preventable cause of death as well as the most lethal one in the United States is currently

A)smoking.
B)obesity.
C)lack of exercise.
D)abuse of alcohol and other drugs.

Question 46

Jayne eats a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat and dairy products.This healthy diet is known as the _____ diet.

A)American
B)Mediterranean
C)Asian
D)Hawaiian

Question 47

Regarding social factors that promote unhealthy behaviors, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Smokers tend to "hang out" with other smokers.
B)If one smoker in a group of smokers quits, others are more likely to follow suit.
C)Only 19 percent of American adults still smoke.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 48

Good health-promoting behaviors include

A)not smoking cigarettes.
B)no more than two alcoholic drinks per day.
C)providing for periods of relaxation every day.
D)all of these.

Question 49

Sarah is a freshman in college and found that she started gaining weight after spending a lot of her time with her roommate Gayle, who is overweight.Sarah's weight gain is best explained by

A)a lack of motivation that occurs when first starting to college.
B)a lower metabolism that occurs in late adolescence.
C)the adoption of her roommate's eating habits.
D)the minor depression or "college blues" that set in upon leaving home.

Question 50

If your spouse quits smoking, you are _____ percent more likely to quit, while if a good friend quits smoking, your chances of abandoning tobacco go up by _____ percent.

A)90; 72
B)72; 90
C)67; 36
D)36; 67

Question 51

Regarding social factors that promote unhealthy behaviors, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)A study found that people were 57 percent more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became fat first.
B)If one smoker in a group of smokers quits, others are more likely to follow suit.
C)Social networks can spread healthful behaviors.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 52

A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing health risks associated with smoking by young people would use

A)aversive conditioning to stop smoking.
B)attitude-change programs to stop smoking.
C)advertising campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco.
D)role-playing to resist peer pressure.

Question 53

In order to get the benefits of health-promoting behaviors, such as diet and exercise, a person must

A)maintain a strict diet and exercise at least two hours per day.
B)adhere to a restrictive diet at least five days a week and engage in strenuous exercise at least an hour per day.
C)eat a Mediterranean diet and get 30 minutes of exercise three or four times a week.
D)eat a high-protein diet of red meat and very few carbohydrates and get moderate exercise at least twice a week.

Question 54

According to your textbook, how many smokers out of ten successful quit long-term?

A)one
B)three
C)five
D)seven

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A)learn stress management
B)get adequate sleep
C)get regular exercise
D)eat a high protein, low carbohydrate diet

Question 56

If you are overweight or need to quit smoking, you should do all of the following EXCEPT

A)isolate yourself from your friends until you completely change your unhealthy behavior.
B)develop friends in a healthier crowd.
C)decide to start healthier habits and get your friends to join you.
D)learn refusal skills.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A)avoid unplanned pregnancies
B)minimize sun exposure
C)no more than four alcoholic drinks per day
D)eat a balanced, low-fat diet

Question 58

Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming only

A)one alcoholic drink per week.
B)two alcoholic drinks per week.
C)only one or two alcoholic drinks per day and remaining alcohol-free two or three days per week.
D)three or four alcoholic drinks per day and being alcohol-free at least one day a week.

Question 59

School-based smoking prevention programs have used

A)anti-smoking art contests.
B)poster and T-shirt giveaways.
C)questions for students to ask their parents.
D)all of these.

Question 60

According to researchers Christakis and Fowler, _____ are often a barrier to changing unhealthy behaviors.

A)social factors
B)chronic infectious diseases
C)a lack of money
D)a lack of knowledge

Question 61

The impact of long-term stresses can be understood by examining the body's defenses against stress, a pattern known as

A)the mind-body connection.
B)one's locus of control.
C)the general adaptation syndrome.
D)the defense mechanism model.

Question 62

Hans Selye developed the _____ model, which describes the series of bodily reactions that occur to prolonged stress.

A)mind-body connection
B)locus of control
C)general adaptation syndrome
D)defense mechanism

Question 63

People who enjoy a positive state of wellness are characterized as

A)physically healthy.
B)happy and optimistic.
C)self-confident.
D)all of these.

Question 64

The local community college and hospitals are joining together to sponsor a health fair that will provide blood pressure screenings, demonstrations on cooking healthier for one's heart, and exercise routines that can be worked into one's busy schedule.This health fair is a good example of which type of program?

A)longitudinal screening programs
B)community health campaigns
C)cross-cultural health promotionals
D)education-based health awareness projects

Question 65

According to your textbook, some of the best anti-smoking programs include _____, which has been shown to help young people resist pressure from peers, adults, and the media to start smoking.

A)behavioral risk factor training
B)health-promoting behavioral training
C)refusal skills training
D)stress reduction training

Question 66

It has been found that the best way to prevent people from smoking is to stop the behavior before it begins.A type of program that teaches youth to resist pressures from peers or adults to smoke is called

A)avoidance therapy.
B)refusal skills training.
C)desensitization training.
D)eradication therapy.

Question 67

According to your textbook, a person in a state of _____ is physically and psychologically healthy; is happy, optimistic, and self-confident; and bounces back emotionally from adversity.

A)wellness
B)self-actualization
C)incongruence
D)stress inoculation

Question 68

The _____ describes the body's reaction to stressful situations as a series of three stages.

A)mind-body connection
B)general adaptation syndrome
C)locus of control model
D)defense mechanism strategy

Question 69

_____ is associated with research on stress and described the

A)Kübler-Ross
B)Bandura
C)Selye
D)Festinger
G)A.S.

Question 70

_____ are area-wide education projects designed to inform people of the risks of stress, alcohol abuse, high blood pressure, STDs, etc.; to provide role models to show people how to improve their own health; and to direct people to services for health screening, advice, and treatment.

A)Longitudinal screening programs
B)Community health campaigns
C)Cross-cultural health promotionals
D)University-based health awareness projects

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

A)alarm
B)resolution
C)exhaustion
D)resistance

Question 72

Hans Selye noticed that the body initially reacts the same way to an infection or a physical injury as it does to which of the following?

A)a stormy romance
B)starting a new job
C)trouble at school or on the job
D)all of these

Question 73

Physical symptoms in the earliest stage of the general adaptation syndrome are similar to those during

A)any disease or trauma.
B)hypnosis.
C)sensory deprivation.
D)a psychotic break.

Question 74

_____ includes practice in stress reduction, self-protection, decision-making, goal setting, self-control, and social skills that help young people to be less tempted to escape problems through drug use or other destructive behaviors.

A)Life skills training
B)Behavioral risk factor training
C)Health-promoting behavioral training
D)Defense mechanism training

Question 75

Refusal skills training is typically used to teach young people how to

A)avoid smoking and other drug use.
B)cope with burnout.
C)resist stressors at home and at school.
D)avoid forming habits that lead to school failure.

Question 76

An important way that psychologists work to decrease behavioral risks to health is through the use of

A)community health campaigns that provide role models.
B)jail time for people who violate health codes.
C)electroconvulsive shock therapy for unhealthy, anxious patients.
D)desensitization and sensory deprivation activities.

Question 77

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the terms used for describing the stages of the

A)Cannon-Bard theory.
B)expectancy value theory.
C)general adaptation syndrome.
D)Yerkes-Dodson law.

Question 78

A person who is both physically and psychologically healthy, enjoys supportive relationships with others, does meaningful work, and lives in a clean environment has attained

A)self-actualization.
B)a positive state of wellness.
C)incongruence.
D)stress management.

Question 79

A person who has a positive state of wellness has attained

A)supportive relationships.
B)meaningful work to do.
C)a clean environment in which to live.
D)all of these.

Question 80

Programs which typically include practice in stress reduction, self-protection, decision- making, self control, and social skills are called

A)health campaigns.
B)refusal skills training.
C)community health campaigns.
D)life skills training.