Deck 2: Principles of Science and Systems

Question 1

Experiments in which conditions are deliberately altered and all other variables are held constant are known as ___________ experiments.

A)Manipulative
B)Natural
C)Hypothetical
D)Probability
E)Double-blind

Answer 1

Manipulative

Question 2

In experimentation, dependent variables are also known as _____________ variables.

A)Conventional
B)Blind
C)Response
D)Model
E)Distribution

Answer 2

Response

Question 3

_________________ is a process for producing knowledge methodically and logically.

A)Universalism
B)Science
C)Relativism
D)Morality
E)Parsimony

Answer 3

Science

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios are free from bias?

A)A scientist is conducting an experiment on liver disease that is funded by a university, and has set up the experiment as a double-blind study testing of a new medication.
B)A scientist is conducting an experiment on liver disease that is funded by a pharmaceutical company, and has set up the experiment as a double-blind study testing of a new medication.
C)A scientist is conducting an experiment on liver disease that is funded by a university, and has set up the experiment study testing of a new medication and only give the medicine to the healthiest patitents.
D)A scientist is conducting an experiment on liver disease that is funded by a pharmaceutical company, and has set up the experiment as a double-blind study testing of a new medication on people without liver disease as well as those with liver disease.

Question 5

Generally, distinguished scientists

A)Always agree if they really are expert scientists
B)May have different interpretations of the same evidence
C)Never disagree once a theory is established
D)Believe each other and support each other in their work
E)Always disagree so they can prove theories

Question 6

The damage to an ecosystem caused by a hurricane or flood can be referred to as

A)An open system
B)An emergent property
C)Equilibrium in nature
D)A disturbance
E)Negative feedback loop

Question 7

Proof in science is always

A)Firmly established
B)Beyond question
C)An impossible goal
D)constantly changing with little contiunity between diciplines.
E)Open to question or new evidence

Question 8

Ideally, science

A)Always has the right answers
B)Tells us what we expected to find
C)Uses new technology
D)Is orderly and methodical
E)Proves that our hypotheses are correct

Question 9

In the above scenario, why did Susan place the plants in a greenhouse and control the amount of sunlight and temperature?

A)Keeping any factor that can influence a plant's growth, other than fertilizer, equal to all plants, ensures that if there is a difference at the end, it will most likely be due to the fertilizer.
B)It was an easy place to keep the plants.
C)It did not make a difference.The fertilizer would have influence growth even if the plants were part in sunlight and part in shade.
D)The plants would have adapted to the situation no matter if the temperatures is different.

Question 10

___________ allow scientists to gather information about complicated and interrelated environmental systems.

A)Charts
B)Graphs
C)Models
D)Figures
E)Paradigm shifts

Question 11

Which of the following is a closed system?

A)A cave with abundant life that was sealed off from the outside world during a landslide 100 years ago.
B)An underwater ocean cave
C)an aquarium
D)a forest habitat

Question 12

From the following statements and questions, which is the best example of deductive reasoning?

A)If all insects have six legs, then butterflies have six legs
B)In repeated tosses of a coin, there is a 50/50 chance of each toss resulting in a "head"
C)How many times will the toss of coins turn "heads-up" if 100 times toss a coin?
D)Since every insect I have examined so far has six legs, I conclude that all insects must have six legs
E)All of these are examples of deductive reasoning

Question 13

Which of the following is not an important feature of science?

A)Reproducibility
B)Parsimony
C)Empiricism
D)Positive proof

Question 14

The statement, "Since every insect I have examined so far has six legs, I conclude that all insects must have six legs" is an example of

A)Inductive reasoning
B)Deductive reasoning
C)Hypothesis testing
D)Reductive reasoning
E)Parsimony

Question 15

Although your sister is not a scientist, she says that she uses scientific techniques in her everyday life.You do not believe her but she insists it is true.Which of the following examples could she use to best persuade you?

A)When she cooks, she measures ingredients and puts them together to form something else (e.g., a cake)
B)When she drives in her car, she hypothesizes about things (e.g., when the red light will turn green)
C)She put some tomatoes in the sun and some in the shade to see if the sun causes them to ripen faster
D)She buys a brand of toothpaste based on statistical data (four out of five dentists recommend it)
E)All of these are examples of using scientific techniques in her everyday life

Question 16

Double-blind studies are especially useful in

A)Genetic experiments
B)Health studies
C)Statistical analysis
D)Opinion surveys
E)Double-blind studies are not useful in any situation

Question 17

In a food chain, grass absorbs sunlight to make sugar, the grass is eaten by a rabbit, and the rabbit is eaten by a fox.What is a throughput that connects this system?

A)energy
B)sugar
C)the will to survive
D)ATP

Question 18

When referencing the above scenario, why did Susan average the resulting heights of the plants?

A)To account for the genetic variation in the plants.
B)Because two numbers are easier to compare than 50.
C)She liked showing off her knowledge of simple statistical analysis.
D)To account for differences in temperature and sunlight between the groups.

Question 19

Networks of interactions among interdependent factors are known as

A)Science
B)Ecology
C)Systems
D)Processes
E)Negative feedback loops

Question 20

In the scenario described above, the plants that received fertilizer are the _______________ group, and the plants that did not receive fertilizer are the ___________ group.

A)treatment; control
B)control; treatemnt
C)treatment; exposed
D)controlled; non-treatment

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?

A)A small island is home to both wolves and deer.When the deer have high numbers, the wolves have plenty of prey to feed pups and their numbers increase.When the deer are heavily predated upon, the deer numbers decrease causing some of the wolves to starve.
B)Grass begins to grow on a recently plowed field.
C)Locusts begin to swarm, and when they encounter other non-swarming locusts, they too being to swarm.
D)A person is driving and is cut off by another driver, this causes the person to become angry and they begin to drive more aggressively, cutting off other drivers.

Question 22

Paradigm shifts occur when ethical considerations are incorporated into scientific theory.

Question 23

A scientific consensus

A)is typically broad in its statements.
B)uses feedback from many scientists.
C)can lead to paradigm shifts.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 24

An important value of science is that it provides the methodology to prove that a theory is correct.

Question 25

The ability of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance is known as

A)resilience
B)stability
C)fitness
D)emergence

Question 26

The progress of science is mainly happens when a scientist working in isolation and discovers something very important.