Deck 4: States of Consciousness

Question 1

People must sleep a minimum of eight hours in order for their brains to function normally.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Night terrors are the same thing as nightmares.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Measures of electrical activity in the brain show that the brain is active throughout the night.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Sleep apnea is characterized by constricted breathing during sleep that forces the sleeper to wake up momentarily,sometimes as many as hundreds of times each night.

Question 5

Drug addiction is the easiest of all behaviors to modify with extensive treatment.

Question 6

Sleepwalking and sleeptalking are two sleep disturbances that occur in REM of the sleep cycle.

Question 7

The complete sleep cycle lasts for about 30 minutes total if uninterrupted.

Question 8

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)may be due to sleep apnea.

Question 9

Drugs that are psychologically addictive are not really harmful to your body.

Question 10

Drug use and hypnosis are ways of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness.

Question 11

The complete sleep cycle lasts for about sixty minutes total if uninterrupted.

Question 12

A person suffering from insomnia does not sleep at all.

Question 13

J.Allan Hobson viewed dreams as a guide to the unconscious.

Question 14

Everyone has dreams,even if they do not remember them.

Question 15

The key to meditation is concentrating on something so strongly that you are transcended to another universe.

Question 16

Freud's theory of dreams is universally accepted and all dream analysis comes from Freudian work.

Question 17

People in a trance will commit antisocial acts that they normally would not commit.

Question 18

Some drugs alter the limbic system and others affect the operation of specific neurotransmitters across the synapses of neurons.

Question 19

Meditation typically consists of a mantra: a sound,a word,or a syllable that is repeated over and over.

Question 20

Psychoactive drugs include caffeine,nicotine,and amphetamines.

Question 21

In ____________________ theory,dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled.

A)unconscious wish fulfillment
B)latent content
C)manifest content
D)desire

Question 22

Caffeine is a stimulant drug whose effect on the central nervous system causes a rise in heart rate,blood pressure,and muscular tension.

Question 23

Alcohol is a depressant that is used more than any other drug.

Question 24

_______________ is the awareness of the sensations,thoughts,and feelings being experienced at a given moment.

A)Perception
B)Sensation
C)Consciousness
D)Dreaming

Question 25

Barbiturates are not physically or psychologically addictive.

Question 26

Marijuana is a drug known as a hallucinogen.

Question 27

In psychologically based addictions,the person believes that he/she needs the drug to respond to the stress of daily living.

Question 28

In physiologically-based addictions,the body becomes so accustomed to functioning in the presence of a drug that it cannot function without it.

Question 29

Cocaine initially produces feelings of paranoia,resentment,and fear in the user.

Question 30

Narcotics are sometimes called the date rape drug.

Question 31

If a person sleeps for 8 hours in one night,then about how many times do they cycle through the stages of sleep?

A)5 ½ times
B)6 ½ times
C)8 times
D)10 times

Question 32

Nicotine is a stimulant that is highly addictive and activates neural mechanisms similar to those activated by cocaine.

Question 33

Methamphetamines are highly addictive and relatively cheap drugs that produce strong,lingering highs.

Question 34

MDMA (Ecstasy)and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)are both hallucinogens that affect the operation of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.

Question 35

The best hope for dealing with the overall societal problem of substance abuse is to prevent people from becoming involved in drugs in the first place.

Question 36

People who suddenly stop smoking do not develop strong cravings for the drug.They crave the experience of smoking.

Question 37

Amphetamines are strong stimulants known as speed.

Question 38

If Susan is sleeping and her alarm goes off,but she cannot hear it and does not move,then she is likely in which stage of sleep?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4

Question 39

During which stage of sleep does most of the dreaming occur?

A)Stage 1
B)REM
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4

Question 40

Cocaine does not have any long-term side effects for habitual users.

Question 41

____________ drugs produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user and withdrawal from them leads to a craving for that drug.

A)Stimulant
B)Addictive
C)Illegal
D)Legal

Question 42

___________,a stimulant,is present in tea,soft drinks,chocolate,and coffee.

A)Nicotine
B)Caffeine
C)Barbiturate
D)Ginseng

Question 43

_____________ drugs include caffeine,nicotine,and amphetamines.

A)Psychoactive
B)Psychopharmacological
C)Psychosocial
D)Psychological

Question 44

Sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear,panic,and strong psychological arousal are called __________________.

A)night terrors
B)nightmares
C)terror episodes
D)manic episodes

Question 45

__________,a stimulant,is what makes cigarette smoking so addictive.

A)Nicotine
B)Caffeine
C)Barbiturate
D)Ginseng

Question 46

____________ is uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake.

A)Nightmares
B)Night terrors
C)Narcolepsy
D)Sleep disorders

Question 47

___________ is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness.

A)Illusion
B)Hypnosis
C)Meditation
D)Revelation

Question 48

In _________ based addictions,the body becomes so accustomed to functioning in the presence of a drug that it cannot function without it.

A)psychologically
B)physiologically
C)environmentally
D)socially

Question 49

In ____________ theory,the true subject and meaning of a dream may have little to do with its apparent story line.

A)unconscious wish fulfillment
B)latent content
C)manifest content
D)desire

Question 50

The ______________ theory says that dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep.

A)activation-synthesis
B)dreams-for-survival
C)wish fulfillment
D)survival instinct

Question 51

___________ is the neurotransmitter that produces a high,which offers pleasurable sensations.

A)Dopamine
B)Epinephrine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Substantia nigra

Question 52

This major theorist viewed dreams as a guide to the unconscious.

A)Carl Jung
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Sigmund Freud
D)William James

Question 53

In ____________ theory,the actual wishes that are threatening to the dreamer's conscious awareness are disguised.

A)unconscious wish fulfillment
B)latent content
C)manifest content
D)desire

Question 54

The biological process that occurs regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle is called the body's _______________ rhythms.

A)production
B)circadian
C)natural
D)restful

Question 55

Dexedrine and Benzedrine are strong stimulants known as _________________.

A)nicotine
B)caffeine
C)amphetamines
D)barbiturates

Question 56

Dreams typically occur in the __________ stage of sleep.

A)NREM
B)REM
C)MREM
D)fourth

Question 57

In __________ based addictions,the people believe that they need the drug to respond to the stresses of daily living.

A)psychologically
B)physiologically
C)environmentally
D)socially

Question 58

____________ is a trancelike state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others.

A)Illusion
B)Hypnosis
C)Meditation
D)Revelation

Question 59

A ___________ is a drug that causes effects on the central nervous system,such as a rise in heart rate,blood pressure,and muscular tension.

A)stimulant
B)depressant
C)barbiturate
D)beta blocker

Question 60

Meditation typically consists of a ____________: a sound,a word,or a syllable that is repeated over and over.

A)stimulus
B)mantra
C)reverberation
D)zen

Question 61

_______________ is the awareness of the sensations,thoughts,and feelings being experienced at a given moment.

Question 62

Drug use and hypnosis are ways of deliberately altering one's state of ________________.

Question 63

Sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear,panic,and strong psychological arousal are called __________________.

Question 64

____________ drugs include caffeine,nicotine,and amphetamines.

Question 65

Meditation typically consists of a ____________: a sound,a word,or a syllable that is repeated over and over.

Question 66

___________ is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness.

Question 67

In ____________________theory,dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled.

Question 68

The ______________ theory says that dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep.

Question 69

In ____________ theory,the true subject and meaning of a dream may have little to do with its apparent story line.

Question 70

The biological process that occurs regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle is called the body's _______________ rhythms.

Question 71

Morphine and heroin are examples of ____________,which are drugs that increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.

A)narcotics
B)barbiturates
C)cocaine
D)stimulants

Question 72

____________ is uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake.

Question 73

____________ drugs produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user and withdrawal from them leads to a craving for that drug.

Question 74

If Margy drinks three alcoholic beverages during lunch and then comes home and drinks about six alcoholic beverages with dinner,what is likely occurring?

A)Margy is suffering from alcoholism
B)Margy enjoys cocktails
C)Margy will likely graduate to cocaine
D)Margy can handle her alcohol

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a sign of a drug or alcohol problem?

A)Always getting high to have a good time.
B)Going to work high.
C)Becoming physically unhealthy.
D)Avoiding family or friends.
E)None of these are correct

Question 76

____________ produces a sense of relaxation,but it is highly psychologically and physically addictive.

A)Nicotine
B)Caffeine
C)Cocaine
D)A barbiturate

Question 77

_____________ is characterized by constricted breathing during sleep that forces the sleeper to wake up momentarily,sometimes as many as hundreds of times each night.

Question 78

____________ is a trancelike state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others.

Question 79

In ____________ theory,the actual wishes that are threatening to the dreamer's conscious awareness are disguised.

Question 80

___________ slow down the nervous system and cause neurons to fire more slowly.

A)Depressants
B)Anti-Depressants
C)Stimulants
D)Neuro-receptors