Deck 9: Motivating the Workforce

Question 1

Human relations is not concerned with what motivates employees on the job.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: What motivates employees to perform on the job is the focus of human relations.

Question 2

The Hawthorne studies on motivation revealed that employees respond to the attention they receive from superiors more than from changing physical work conditions.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: When questioned about their behavior,the employees expressed satisfaction because their co-workers in the experiments were friendly and,more importantly,because their supervisors had asked for their help and cooperation in the study.In other words,they were responding to the attention they received,not the changing physical work conditions.

Question 3

The personal enjoyment you feel from doing a good job or learning something new is an intrinsic reward.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: The personal satisfaction you feel from attaining a goal is an intrinsic award.

Question 4

Many companies have improved compensation and benefits packages as a means of increasing employee _______.

A) needs
B) human resources
C) hygiene factors
D) morale
E) rewards

Question 5

Studies conducted by Frederick W.Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth led to the application of scientific principles to management.

Question 6

What is human relations?

Question 7

What is the difference between an intrinsic and an extrinsic reward? Provide an example of each.

Question 8

Intrinsic rewards are benefits and recognition you receive from someone else.

Question 9

Human relations is the study of

A) organizational objectives.
B) individual and group behavior in organizations.
C) individuals in organizations.
D) groups in organizations.
E) managers in organizations.

Question 10

An inner drive that directs behavior toward objectives is called

A) a goal.
B) a need.
C) motivation.
D) morale.
E) an incentive.

Question 11

A ______ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state,while a _______ is the satisfaction of some need.

A) problem;morale
B) motivation;goal
C) need;morale
D) need;goal
E) goal;need

Question 12

High morale is likely to result in

A) employee loyalty.
B) recruitment.
C) absenteeism.
D) desires.
E) expertise.

Question 13

Motivation explains why people behave as they do.

Question 14

All of the following are morale boosters except

A) respect.
B) involvement.
C) hygiene.
D) appreciation.
E) promotion.

Question 15

Human relations is important in business primarily because

A) it can prevent unions.
B) it affects worker morale and productivity.
C) employees like it,although management doesn't.
D) the government mandates it.
E) improves ethics.

Question 16

Human relations is the study of individual and group behavior in organizational settings.

Question 17

Human relations is concerned with all of the following except

A) the needs of employees.
B) employee motivation.
C) job performance.
D) morale.
E) sales.

Question 18

Morale is important to managers,although it doesn't affect profits.

Question 19

To achieve organizational objectives,employees must have the ability,tools,and which of the following to perform their jobs?

A) Time
B) Apathy
C) Sense of humor
D) Motivation
E) Management

Question 20

Poor morale is likely to cause

A) high productivity.
B) absenteeism and high turnover.
C) lack of motivation.
D) loyalty.
E) dedication.

Question 21

The Hawthorne Studies marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace.

Question 22

What were the Hawthorne Studies?

Question 23

What did the Hawthorne studies reveal?

A) That money is truly the only motivator
B) That changing physical conditions will improve employee productivity
C) That supervisors should view their employees as unmotivated individuals who must be forced to do their jobs
D) That managers who understand the needs,beliefs,and expectations of people will have the greatest success motivating workers
E) That nothing will motivate an employee who is unmotivated to work

Question 24

Hygiene factors include achievement,recognition,the work itself,responsibility,and advancement.

Question 25

According to Herzberg,managers should focus on fulfilling employees' higher-level needs by providing opportunities for achievement,involvement,and advancement.

Question 26

Herzberg's motivational factors directly correspond to Maslow's physiological and security needs.

Question 27

Frederick Taylor and other early twentieth-century management theorists believed which of the following would motivate employees to work hard?

A) A long lunch break
B) Adequate tools and long hours
C) Financial incentives
D) Nice bosses and long vacations
E) Safe working conditions

Question 28

The higher-level goals in Maslow's hierarchy and the motivational factors identified by Herzberg are important in motivating employees to work harder.

Question 29

The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne Studies was B.F.Skinner.

A) Abraham Maslow.
B) Douglas McGregor.
C)
D) Elton Mayo.

Question 30

While trying to determine the effects of lighting and noise on workers' productivity,which of the following found that social and psychological factors could significantly affect productivity?B.F.Skinner Elton Mayo and a team of researchers from Harvard University wanted to determine what physical conditions in the workplace-such as light and noise levels-would stimulate employees to be most productive.

A) Frederick Taylor
B) Elton Mayo
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Victor Vroom

Question 31

What does the classical theory of employee motivation state? Who was the father of this theory?

Question 32

Early management theorists thought money was employees' primary motivation.

Question 33

Prior to the Hawthorne Studies,management theorists believed that the primary motivators of employees were job security and

A) recognition.
B) money.
C) awards.
D) praise.
E) punishment.

Question 34

When laid off,a person's attention probably shifts from fulfilling esteem needs to fulfilling physiological and security needs.

Question 35

The Hawthorne Studies earned their name because they were conducted by Mr.Hawthorne.

Question 36

Frederick Taylor

A) analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.
B) used special bonuses for workers.
C) proposed free tuition programs to motivate workers.
D) assumed workers knew the best way to do the job.
E) proposed health insurance benefits for workers.

Question 37

Maslow's hierarchy lists the most basic needs people strive to fill at the top of his pyramid.

Question 38

The Hawthorne Studies were important because they

A) introduced the idea that social and psychological factors affect productivity and morale.
B) presented important data about how managers perceive their employees.
C) showed that workers should control the workplace.
D) used fear as a motivator.
E) dealt with self-actualization needs.

Question 39

The birth of the study of human relations can be traced to

A) research conducted by Mayo and Hawthorne.
B) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
C) Herzberg's study of hygiene and motivation factors.
D) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.
E) time and motion studies conducted by Frederick W.Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

Question 40

The Hawthorne Studies found that money was the primary motivator of employees.

Question 41

Maslow's hierarchy classifies needs that motivate people in which order,starting with the most basic?

A) Self-actualization,physiological,esteem,security,and social
B) Social,self-actualization,physiological,esteem,and security
C) Physiological,security,social,esteem,and self-actualization
D) Esteem,social,self-actualization,security,and physiological
E) Security,physiological,self-actualization,esteem,and social

Question 42

The Theory Y style of management focuses on physiological and security needs.

Question 43

What are the five basic needs of human beings as theorized by Abraham Maslow?

Question 44

In the United States,workers'________ needs,as defined by Maslow,have largely been met by minimum-wage laws and federal occupational safety standards.

A) physiological and security
B) security and social
C) social and esteem
D) esteem and self-actualization
E) physiological and esteem

Question 45

Maslow's hierarchy illustrates

A) the order in which people strive to satisfy their needs.
B) that money is the sole motivator of people.
C) that people will self-actualize no matter what else happens to them.
D) that managers have assumptions about workers' attitudes labeled X,Y,and Z.
E) that food and shelter are the sole motivators of people.

Question 46

Maslow's hierarchy is important to managers because

A) it is an economic motivator.
B) workers won't be motivated to contribute to the organization's goals until their basic needs are met.
C) it debunked Hawthorne's theory of motivation.
D) workers are able to satisfy higher needs and forget about the lower levels,which are costly.
E) it is efficient.

Question 47

Expectancy theory suggests that managers do not need to show employees that they can obtain things they want.

Question 48

Equity theory relates a person's willingness to contribute to the organization to the perceived fairness of the rewards received.

Question 49

According to Maslow,an employee who goes to night school to get a college degree to minimize the chance of being laid off during a recession is motivated to fulfill which of the following needs?

A) Self-actualization
B) Psychological
C) Security
D) Esteem
E) Social

Question 50

What is Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory? Define hygiene and motivational factors.

Question 51

Who ranked people's five basic needs in order of importance?

A) Victor Vroom
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Douglas McGregor
D) Frederick Herzberg
E) Abraham Maslow

Question 52

A manager who thinks that workers dislike and avoid work has what Douglas McGregor labeled Theory Y assumptions about people.

Question 53

Achievement,recognition,involvement,responsibility,and advancement are all examples of Herzberg's _______ factors.

A) esteem
B) security
C) social
D) hygiene
E) motivational

Question 54

If a department store contest promises that the employee with the highest sales will be treated to dinner by the store manager,the store is helping its employees fulfill which of the following needs?

A) Esteem
B) Security
C) Physiological
D) Self-actualization
E) Social

Question 55

Based on Maslow's hierarchy,a homeless person will most likely work toward fulfilling which of the following needs?

A) Self-actualization
B) Esteem
C) Social
D) Security
E) Physiological

Question 56

Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than traditional management approaches.

Question 57

When explaining employee motivation through Herzberg's two-factor theory,all of the following represent motivational factors except

A) wages.
B) achievement.
C) recognition.
D) responsibility.
E) advancement.

Question 58

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,all of the following represent hygiene factors except

A) comfortable working conditions.
B) fair company policies.
C) adequate wages.
D) responsibility.
E) job security.

Question 59

According to Maslow,living life to the fullest is most closely associated with fulfilling this need:

A) psychological.
B) self-actualization.
C) security.
D) social.
E) physiological.

Question 60

Managers who ascribe to Theory Y assume that people like and want to work and that people will seek out responsibilities if provided with the proper conditions.

Question 61

Job rotation attempts to reduce the boredom created by specialization of tasks by

A) allowing employees to share an eight-hour work day.
B) giving people longer breaks and more paid vacations.
C) giving workers a variety of tasks to do,moving from one to the other on a regular basis.
D) adding new specialized tasks to a job.
E) having employees perform the same task over and over again.

Question 62

Theory Z includes many elements associated with the

A) Chinese approach to management.
B) American approach to management.
C) European approach to management.
D) Japanese approach to management.
E) Hawthorne approach to management.

Question 63

Positive rewards for acceptable behavior tend to be more effective in the long run than negative punishments for unacceptable behavior.

Question 64

Job enlargement involves incorporating motivational factors,such as achievement,recognition,and so on,into a job.

Question 65

Jaime has learned that his company is offering a Hawaiian vacation to its best salesman.He almost won last year and really wants the trip.He is working very hard because he thinks he has a good chance to win.This exemplifies which theory?

A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) Theory Z
D) Equity theory
E) Expectancy theory

Question 66

Anand believes that he can get some extra work completed before the deadline by withholding his workers' vacation schedules until the job is completed.Anand could be described as

A) a Theory X manager,according to McGregor.
B) a Theory Y manager,according to McGregor.
C) a Theory Z manager,according to Ouchi.
D) a highly efficient manager.
E) a person concerned about morale.

Question 67

According to McGregor's Theory X,

A) people will commit to objectives when achievement of those objectives leads to normal rewards.
B) work is as natural as play or rest.
C) people will seek and accept responsibility.
D) most workers must be coerced to work.
E) organizations do not make full use of workers' talents.

Question 68

Job rotation allows employees to move from one job to another in an effort to relieve the boredom that is often associated with job specialization.

Question 69

What is expectancy theory?

Question 70

Theories X and Y are most closely associated with

A) Abraham Maslow.
B) Frederick Herzberg.
C) Douglas McGregor.
D) Elton Mayo.
E) William Ouchi.

Question 71

Mary called her work group together and presented a problem to them: They need to accomplish some extra work in less time than usual.Her employees suggest a plan for handling the situation,and she accepts it.According to McGregor's Theory,Mary could be described as

A) a Theory X manager.
B) a Theory Y manager.
C) a pushover.
D) negligent.
E) a company person.

Question 72

Every time Elias broke the department production record,Judah hung a gold banner from Elias' machine and bought him lunch.This illustrates

A) equity theory.
B) Theory Z.
C) poor management because everyone else was sad.
D) behavior modification techniques.
E) McGregor's Theory.

Question 73

Jane learned that,although she and June were both hired as part-time salesclerks at the same time and have similar backgrounds,June is paid $1 more per hour.Jane decided to stop cleaning dressing rooms on her shift because she thinks this is unfair.This is an example of which theory?

A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) Theory Z
D) Equity theory
E) Expectancy theory

Question 74

Job sharing occurs when a company shortens the workweek of all employees by a few hours to avoid layoffs.

Question 75

The Theory X style of management focuses on

A) security and esteem needs.
B) self-actualization and esteem needs.
C) physiological and security needs.
D) social and security needs.
E) physiological and social needs.

Question 76

The approach which suggests that imagination,ingenuity,and creativity can help solve organizational problems is

A) Theory X.
B) Theory Y.
C) equity theory.
D) behavior modification.
E) expectancy theory.

Question 77

The person primarily associated with Theory Z is

A) Frederick Taylor.
B) Lillian Gilbreth.
C) Abraham Maslow.
D) William Ouchi.
E) Douglas McGregor.

Question 78

Behavior that is punished will tend to be repeated.

Question 79

Behavior modification involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself.

Question 80

What is Theory Z? How does it differ from Theory X?