Deck 6: Union Organizing Campaigns

Question 1

Employers can legally refuse to hire applicants based on union membership or concurrent union employment.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Wagner Act strongly facilitated and institutionalized collective bargaining as the preferred method to resolve workplace conflicts where employees chose it.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Elections in units where employees are not currently represented are called decertification elections.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Monopoly power generally leads to a union wage deprivation.

Question 5

Elections can be held even if an election result was certified within the previous year.

Question 6

Legal constraints limit the potential scope of a bargaining unit.

Question 7

The NLRB considers legal constraints when determining the bargaining unit.

Question 8

The usual catalyst for a campaign is employees' frustration about their wages and benefits or their inability to influence outcomes in the workplace.

Question 9

The major difference between the Wagner Act and the Railway Labor Act is that the Wagner Act requires that bargaining units be formed on a craft basis.

Question 10

Employers faced with a recognition request usually claim that the union's majority status is not doubtful.

Question 11

Unions depend on the employers' dues to operate.

Question 12

Organizing begins with an authorization card campaign and most often ends with the NLRB certifying the election results.

Question 13

The concept of exclusive representation establishes a "winner-takes-all" outcome in representation elections.

Question 14

National union campaigns often occur if a unionized firm opens a new nonunion plant.

Question 15

The National Labor Relations Board acts as a referee in the process of organizing unions.

Question 16

If unionized,many decisions that managers previously implemented unilaterally would require consultation and negotiation with the union.

Question 17

Accretion occurs when an existing union in an employer wins representation rights for employees previously represented by another union.

Question 18

Craft severance is a term used when a group of employees with a substantially different community of interests is allowed to establish a separate unit.

Question 19

Organizing unions is highly adversarial and heavily regulated.

Question 20

No-solicitation rules do not apply to employees.

Question 21

Which of the following conducts the secret-ballot elections for unions?

A) The AFL
B) The state government
C) The NLRB
D) The NMB

Question 22

Which of the following types of elections may not be held while a contract is in effect?

A) Certification elections
B) Authorization card elections
C) Decertification elections
D) Raid elections

Question 23

The employer frequently contests the makeup of a(n)_____,requiring the NLRB to decide which employees should be included.

A) appropriate bargaining unit
B) Excelsior list
C) corporate campaign
D) secret ballot ruling

Question 24

_____ elections are held when at least 30 percent of currently represented employees indicate that they do not want continued representation.

A) Certification
B) Decertification
C) Board-directed
D) Raid

Question 25

Employer interrogation of employees during a campaign would be legal if used to test a claim of majority status.

Question 26

The union may petition the _____ to hold an election in the unit it is trying to organize and includes the signed authorization cards as evidence of support.

A) business agents
B) NLRB
C) AFL
D) stewards

Question 27

If an employer has had a(n)_____,it can directly petition the board to hold an election.

A) order indicating a bar on elections
B) request for consent election
C) negotiation on a neutrality pledge
D) recognition demand

Question 28

The 1974 amendments to the _____,permitting representation in private,nonprofit health care facilities established special constraints on bargaining.

A) Taft-Hartley Act
B) Wagner Act
C) Norris-La Guardia Act
D) Civil Rights Title VII Act

Question 29

An employer may withdraw recognition only if there is clear-cut evidence that the union has actually lost its majority.

Question 30

Which of the following best describes raid elections?

A) They are held to determine whether a majority of employees desire union representation and,if so,by which union.
B) They occur when 30 percent of the currently represented employees indicate they do not want continued representation.
C) They occur when at least 30 percent of employees indicate they would prefer a different union to represent them.
D) Elections in units where employees are not currently represented are called raid elections.

Question 31

Beliefs about unions and the opinions of others are salient to the future influence voting behavior.

Question 32

Organizing begins with an authorizing card campaign and most often ends with the _____ certifying the election results.

A) American Federation of Labor
B) Labor Department
C) National Labor Relations Board
D) Independent Local Unions

Question 33

A(n)_____ is held to determine whether a majority of employees desire union representation,and if so,by which union.

A) board-directed election
B) representation election
C) election bar
D) recognitional picketing

Question 34

Besides reruns or bargaining orders,the NLRB can issue cease-and-desist orders for ULPs during organizing drives.

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the degree of functional integration?

A) The extent to which all potentially includable employees are required to provide the company's output.
B) A group of employees with a substantially different community of interests that is allowed to establish a separate unit.
C) When a new facility is added to the bargaining unit or when an existing union in an employer wins representation rights for employees previously represented by another union.
D) Where there is no union shop or required agency fee,employees do not need to pay dues to the union to receive contractual benefits.

Question 36

_____ target specific employers or geographic areas and send professional organizers to encourage and assist local employees in unionizing.

A) National unions
B) NLRB
C) Independent local unions
D) NMB

Question 37

A(n)_____ campaign tries to enroll employees in the union in the unit the union seeks to represent.

A) recognitional picketing
B) decertification election
C) raid election
D) authorization card

Question 38

Elections in units where employees are not currently represented are called _____ elections.

A) certification
B) accretion
C) decertification
D) raid

Question 39

Unions that are centralized have more organizing success.

Question 40

In ­­­­­_____ elections,the NLRB regional director determines,after hearings,an appropriate bargaining unit and voter eligibility.

A) consent
B) petition
C) joint
D) employer directed

Question 41

Which of the following refers to a heavily used traditional union organizing campaign strategy?

A) Use of a developed internal cadre to wage an intensive one-to-one rank-and-file campaign
B) Use of national union representatives who are trained in organizing
C) Use of coordinated resources and focus on community action
D) Use of handbilling,and letters to employees in the unit

Question 42

Which of the following is true regarding solicitation by any organization?

A) No-solicitation rules strictly apply to all employees.
B) All employers allow solicitations by any organization on company property or on company time.
C) Nonemployee organizers can,in most instances,be barred from soliciting on company property.
D) Employee organizers cannot solicit fellow workers on company premises even if it's clearly shown that solicitation interferes with production.

Question 43

Obtaining a majority requires that employees _____ for an organizer.

A) run a decertifying election campaign
B) picket for the post of stewardship
C) sign an authorization card
D) form independent local unions

Question 44

Which of the following best explains interchangeability and degree of contact among employees in determining appropriateness of the petitioned unit?

A) If employees transfer frequently across plants or offices,their community of interest may be similar,leading the board to designate a multiplant unit.
B) If employees in two or more different occupations worked under common supervision,a unit including only one of the occupations would probably be inappropriate.
C) Employees at a particular facility may have differences in job duties,but similar levels of skills and be considered as an appropriate group for organizing.
D) Differences in pay rates or benefits would not necessarily lead to a unit being found to be inappropriate.

Question 45

Which of the following is true about successor organizations?

A) Where ownership changes but operations continue unchanged,the new owner must honor the existing contract.
B) A firm that merges with another firm assumes existing contractual obligations.
C) Where operations continue but,because of layoffs and/or new hires,the union lacks a majority,the employer has an obligation to honor a contract.
D) When a closed firm is reopened by new owners,the bargaining relationship ceases to exist if a majority of the employees worked for the former company and were in a represented unit.

Question 46

The term _____ means that a group of employees with a substantially different community of interests is allowed to establish a separate unit.

A) recognitional picketing
B) craft severance
C) neutrality pledge
D) accretion

Question 47

A permanent _____ must be established within the unit to address member concerns and challenge management when workers' rights have been abridged.

A) corporate campaign
B) community action wing
C) support organization
D) election bar

Question 48

_____ occurs when a new facility is added to the bargaining unit or when an existing union in an employer wins representation rights for employees previously represented by another union.

A) Succession
B) Accretion
C) Preferential transfer
D) Finalization

Question 49

Employees who are hired after _____ need to be recruited to join and get socialized to better understand and support the union's goals.

A) the negotiation of the neutrality pledges
B) decertification elections
C) craft severance
D) unionization in the firm

Question 50

Which of the following is true of successor organizations?

A) Where ownership changes but operations continue unchanged,the new owner must honor the existing contract but need not recognize the union.
B) Where operations continue but,because of layoffs and/or new hires,the union lacks a majority,the employer has to strictly honor a contract.
C) When a closed firm is reopened by new owners,the bargaining relationship continues if a majority of the employees worked for the former company and were in a represented unit.
D) A firm that acquires or merges with another firm need not honor the existing contractual obligations.

Question 51

If an employment agency supplies temporary employees to another and both can fire,discipline,change wages,and so on,then they are _____.

A) following unfair labor practices
B) stewards
C) business agents
D) joint employers

Question 52

In determining appropriateness,the board considers carefully the _____ of the employees in the proposed unit.

A) racial identity
B) social status
C) community of interests
D) financial background

Question 53

Which of the following would be regarded as an unfair labor practice (ULP)?

A) Audiotaping the speech given by the owner of a company during its annual general meeting.
B) Videotaping to record protected concerted activity.
C) Installing CCTVs in the company to track security of the premises.
D) Restricting computer and e-mail system use to working time.

Question 54

Employer interrogation of employees during a campaign would probably be legal only if used to test a claim of majority status,but it would be unfair if:

A) the employer has been friendly toward unions.
B) the interrogation is done in an understanding manner.
C) the questioner is a low-level employee.
D) information is likely to be used against a particular individual.

Question 55

Where the employer is a significant economic entity in the local area,_____ is an important adjunct.

A) resource coordination
B) employee interrogation
C) community action
D) employee surveillance

Question 56

When the employer is not particularly dependent on the local community,but is well-known to the public or can be linked to other organizations that are,the union may also undertake a(n)_____ to inform the public and pressure the employer to conduct a fair campaign.

A) decertification election
B) corporate campaign
C) free riding campaign
D) interrogation of employees

Question 57

Which of the following is true about the method employers use to reduce an organizer's solicitation opportunities?

A) Employers cannot restrict computer and e-mail system use to working time only.
B) Employers cannot block employees' incoming e-mails.
C) Employers can force employees to leave working areas and plants at the end of their shifts.
D) Employers can allow organizers to solicit on quasi-public property,such as shopping mall courts or parking lots.

Question 58

In which of the following situations would employer interrogation of employees be considered unfair?

A) The questioner is a high-level manager
B) Information is likely to be used for the good of a particular individual
C) The employer has been impartial toward unions
D) The interrogation is done in an understanding manner

Question 59

Economic returns from _____ are substantially greater than costs of organizing for employees in most industries.

A) picketing
B) craft severance
C) decertification elections
D) union representation

Question 60

Unionization aims to permanently change the employment relationship by institutionalizing _____ as the method through which managers and employees deal with each other about future wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment.

A) accretion
B) stewardship
C) craft severance
D) collective bargaining

Question 61

Which of the following best describes the neutrality pledge in the collective bargaining agreement?

A) It means that a group of employees with a substantially different community of interests is allowed to establish a separate unit.
B) It requires that the employer agree not to oppose future organizing drives by the union within the company.
C) It refers to the extent to which all potentially includable employees are required to provide the company's output.
D) It occurs when 30 percent of the currently represented employees indicate that they do not want continued representation.

Question 62

Explain the terms "accretion" and "reorganization and reclassification."

Question 63

Sometimes the board considers an employer's _____ that is,was an employer's overall conduct so coercive that it eroded a preelection majority?

A) Excelsior list
B) bargaining order
C) totality of conduct
D) restraining order

Question 64

Under what conditions does the NLRB allow craft severance?

Question 65

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to union failure in organizing?

A) Using information technology
B) Having centralized control in the union
C) Specializing in representing specific employee groups
D) Using innovative methods for organizing

Question 66

Many organizations conduct _____ and ask supervisors to keep alert for signs of potential organizing activity.

A) recognitional picketing
B) boycotts
C) attitude surveys
D) interrogations of the employers

Question 67

A(n)"_____" perception reduces the willingness to vote for representation.

A) big labor
B) belief that unions are instrumental for gaining positive employment outcomes
C) recognitional picketing
D) election bar

Question 68

Describe how union characteristics affect election results.

Question 69

Explain what happens as an organizing campaign gains momentum.

Question 70

Which of the following statements about neutrality pledges and card checks is true?

A) Card check agreements cannot be negotiated for units that are not currently unionized.
B) Unions try to negotiate neutrality pledges into the collective bargaining agreement only where all units of an employer are already organized.
C) Card check agreements substantially increase the probability of organizing success.
D) Requiring an election instead of allowing card checks enables the employer to orchestrate an opposition campaign.

Question 71

Explain the communication-related rule during organizing campaigns.

Question 72

Explain the implications of an employer undermining the union during the bargaining process.

Question 73

Briefly mention the factors related to union success in organizing campaigns.

Question 74

If the union loses and the board finds employer conduct undermined an actual union majority,it issues a(n)_____,requiring the employer to recognize and negotiate with the union.

A) restraining order
B) totality of conduct statement
C) Excelsior list
D) bargaining order

Question 75

_____ agreements substantially increase the probability of organizing success.

A) Card check
B) Decertification
C) The 24-hour rule
D) No-solicitation rule

Question 76

Explain the process and implications of election certifications.

Question 77

Explain the following factors that would establish a community of interests with respect to the NLRB policy: degree of functional integration,common supervision,and work situs.

Question 78

List the factors that the NLRB considers to determine a bargaining unit.

Question 79

Where not all units of an employer are already organized,unions try to negotiate _____ into the collective bargaining agreement.

A) no-solicitation rules
B) no-distribution permissions
C) neutrality pledges
D) the 24-hour rule

Question 80

Organizing is highly adversarial,while negotiating requires that the parties,especially the union,start from the position that _____ is a primary goal.

A) gaining agreement on a contract
B) discontinuation of the representation
C) preferences for a different union for representation
D) applying no-solicitation rules to employees