Deck 2: The Evolution of American Labor

Question 1

Employers who used the Mohawk Valley formula aligned local interests against the focus of union activities.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The National Industrial Recovery Act encouraged employers to band together to set prices and production quotas through industrial codes.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Erdman Act prohibited discrimination against railroad employees based on union membership.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The National Labor Union was open only to skilled-trades workers.

Question 5

Predatory unionism occurs when the union's prime goal is to enhance itself at the expense of the workers it represents.

Question 6

The American Federation of Labor was born out of the frustration craft unionists felt about the mixing of skilled and unskilled workers in Knights of Labor assemblies.

Question 7

Revolutionary unionism involves the representation of employees' immediate interests,primarily the regulation of wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment.

Question 8

Yellow-dog contracts indicated that employees who signed them understood that union membership was grounds for discharge.

Question 9

The Labor Management Relations Act is also known as the Norris-La Guardia Act.

Question 10

Under Sherman Act provisions,if restraint is found,actual damages can be punitively trebled.

Question 11

The American Federation of Labor aimed at rationalizing the workplace through labor contracts.

Question 12

Until Norris-La Guardia,acceptance of a collective bargaining relationship had to devolve from a voluntary employer action.

Question 13

The Wagner Act applies to all employers and employees in the country.

Question 14

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service was established to aid settlement of unresolved contractual disputes.

Question 15

Uplift unionism is primarily oriented toward changing the fabric of society,overthrowing the capitalist system and replacing it with worker control of industry.

Question 16

As the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)safeguards for unions were lost,the Wagner Act re-secured organizing rights and specified employer illegal activities.

Question 17

The Clayton Act removed unions from Sherman Act jurisdiction and limited the use of federal injunctions.

Question 18

The Norris-La Guardia Act allowed the enforcement of yellow-dog contracts.

Question 19

The leaders of the Knights of Labor favored the use of strikes rather than arbitration.

Question 20

The Supreme Court interpreted the Clayton Act to mean that as unions could not be construed as illegal per se,their actions could not be held to restrain trade.

Question 21

Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 regulates labor-management relations in the federal service.

Question 22

Which of the following is the desired outcome of corporatism?

A) The employment relationship is jointly governed by unions,employers,and the government.
B) The government controls all production and all business decisions are made by the government.
C) A monied aristocracy that owns the means of production controls much of society's wealth.
D) Trade unions control both the government and the means of production in society.

Question 23

Executive Order 11491 required Landrum-Griffin-type reporting by unions.

Question 24

Who was the founder of the National Labor Union?

A) Uriah Stephens
B) Terence Powderly
C) Samuel Gompers
D) William Sylvis

Question 25

Which of the following was a goal of the National Labor Union?

A) The introduction of a twelve-hour workday
B) The removal of limitations imposed on immigration
C) The prohibition of reforms of currency and banking laws
D) The establishment of consumer and producer cooperatives

Question 26

The Landrum-Griffin Act established individual union members' rights to freedom of speech.

Question 27

Which of the following statements best describes revolutionary unionism?

A) The union's prime goal is to enhance itself at the expense of the workers it represents.
B) It involves the representation of employees' immediate interests,primarily the regulation of wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment.
C) It is aimed at the gradual betterment of educational and economic outcomes and labor-management systems for workers.
D) It is primarily oriented toward overthrowing the capitalist system and replacing it with worker control of industry.

Question 28

Executive Order 10988 created the Federal Impasse Panel to render binding decisions when negotiations reach an impasse.

Question 29

The actions of the _____ were the impetus for the establishment of the conspiracy doctrine.

A) Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers
B) Boston Journeymen Bootmakers' Society
C) National Labor Union
D) Knights of Labor

Question 30

_____ unionism is said to occur when the union's prime goal is to enhance itself at the expense of the workers it represents.

A) Business
B) Predatory
C) Uplift
D) Revolutionary

Question 31

Which of the following is true about the National Labor Union?

A) Its goals were largely political and reformist.
B) It was open to only skilled-trades workers.
C) It wanted the removal of limitations on immigration.
D) Its goals were largely economic and immediate.

Question 32

The leaders of the Knights of Labor were essentially idealists who favored the use of _____ in the U.S.labor movement.

A) arbitration
B) strikes
C) abdication
D) threats

Question 33

Which of the following best describes uplift unionism?

A) It occurs when the union's prime goal is to enhance itself at the expense of the workers it represents.
B) It involves the representation of employees' immediate interests primarily the regulation of wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment.
C) It is aimed at the general betterment of educational and economic outcomes and labor-management systems for workers.
D) It is primarily oriented toward overthrowing the capitalist system and replacing it with worker control of industry.

Question 34

According to the _____,a union could be punished if either its means or its ends were deemed illegal by the courts.

A) doctrine of respondeat superior
B) conspiracy doctrine
C) delegation doctrine
D) strict liability doctrine

Question 35

What led to a decline in the Knights of Labor's membership in 1893?

A) The leaders' short-run perspective of satisfying day-to-day grievances but ignoring long-term issues
B) Differences in opinion between the leaders and the general membership of the union
C) The leaders' emphasis on the use of strikes rather than arbitration in the labor movement
D) The conflict with the Roman Catholic Church over the rule that Catholics were prohibited from joining the Knights

Question 36

The Knights of Labor was initially in conflict with the Roman Catholic Church because:

A) it was a labor organization.
B) its beliefs were inconsistent with Catholic dogma.
C) it was a secret society.
D) it recognized the legitimacy of capitalism.

Question 37

In which of the following locations was the Knights of Labor founded?

A) New York
B) New Jersey
C) Philadelphia
D) Pittsburgh

Question 38

_____ involves the representation of employees' immediate interests,primarily the regulation of wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment.

A) Business unionism
B) Revolutionary unionism
C) Uplift unionism
D) Predatory unionism

Question 39

Under the Taft-Hartley Act,secondary boycotts to force an employer to cease doing business with others were made illegal.

Question 40

How did Knights of Labor leaders' goals differ from the new members' goals?

A) The leaders favored an incremental collective bargaining approach.
B) The leaders emphasized using strikes as weapons to pressurize employers.
C) The leaders believed in "rational" processes for achieving ultimate objectives.
D) The leaders' goals were focused toward immediate results.

Question 41

The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 is better known as the _____.

A) Norris-La Guardia Act
B) Taft-Hartley Act
C) Clayton Act
D) Landrum-Griffin Act

Question 42

What was the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Clayton Act?

A) The actions of unions could be held to restrain trade.
B) It removed unions from Sherman Act jurisdiction.
C) It increased the use of federal assumptions.
D) The court held that unions could not be construed as illegal per se.

Question 43

Which of the following is a provision under the Norris-La Guardia Act?

A) The act permitted the federal courts to issue injunctions against union activities.
B) The act did not allow federal employees to strike.
C) The act mandated that employers recognize a union of their employees.
D) The act forbade federal courts from enforcing yellow-dog contracts.

Question 44

In the Danbury Hatters case,the union was charged with conspiring to restrain trade in violation of the _____.

A) Landrum-Griffin Act
B) Norris-La Guardia Act
C) Sherman Antitrust Act
D) Taft-Hartley Act

Question 45

The _____ in 1898 prohibited discrimination against railroad employees based on union membership.

A) Sherman Act
B) Erdman Act
C) Wagner Act
D) Norris-La Guardia Act

Question 46

As the NIRA safeguards for unions were lost,the _____ re-secured organizing rights and specified employer illegal activities.

A) Norris-La Guardia Act
B) Taft-Hartley Act
C) Landrum-Griffin Act
D) Wagner Act

Question 47

Which of the following acts was ultimately ruled unconstitutional?

A) The National Industrial Recovery Act
B) The National Labor Relations Act
C) The Railway Labor Act
D) The Clayton Act

Question 48

What did the Norris-La Guardia Act restrict?

A) The power of federal courts to issue injunctions against union activities
B) The prohibition of yellow-dog contracts
C) The involvement of employees in the union activities
D) The power of employer activities which were likely to disrupt unionization

Question 49

The _____ removed unions from Sherman Act jurisdiction and limited the use of federal injunctions.

A) Norris-La Guardia Act
B) Taft-Hartley Act
C) Landrum-Griffin Act
D) Clayton Act

Question 50

Which of the following is a provision of the War Labor Disputes Act?

A) It ordered that plants involved in labor disputes operate as usual.
B) It made strikes and lockouts in defense industries legal.
C) It required no prior notice to the NWLB of a pending dispute.
D) It required the NLRB to monitor strike votes.

Question 51

Which of the following types of employees was covered by the Wagner Act?

A) Domestic workers
B) Employees of the railways
C) Manufacturing workers
D) Agricultural workers

Question 52

Which act established the National Labor Relations Board?

A) The Wagner Act
B) The National Industrial Recovery Act
C) The Norris-La Guardia Act
D) The Taft-Hartley Act

Question 53

Which of the following acts authorized the seizure of plants involved in labor disputes and required the NLRB to monitor strike votes?

A) War Labor Disputes Act
B) Taft-Hartley Act
C) Norris-La Guardia Act
D) National Industrial Recovery Act

Question 54

Which of the following is a feature of the AFL's structural design?

A) It prohibited the preservation of autonomy of its national union member.
B) It kept their locals' subsidiary to them.
C) It obstructed the leaders' focus toward the job problems unique to the trade they represented.
D) It increased the difficulty in maintaining discipline over the locals' activities.

Question 55

Which of the following is true of the American Federation of Labor?

A) It advocated legislation only when it could not bargain successfully for its objectives.
B) The leaders did not accept the economic system and aimed to replace it completely.
C) It was a conglomeration of local unions rather than national-level unions.
D) Membership was open to both skilled and unskilled workers.

Question 56

In the 1870s,immigrant Irish miners in America formed a secret organization to terrorize mine owners who had unilaterally cut wages below an agreed minimum.The members of the secret organization were known as _____.

A) the Irish Volunteers
B) Saint Patrick's Battalion
C) the Molly Maguires
D) the Irish Republican Brotherhood

Question 57

Which of the following is true of the Wagner Act?

A) It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
B) It established the Federal Impasse Board.
C) It covered those subject to the Railway Labor Act.
D) It did not apply to all employers and employees.

Question 58

Which act,adopted in 1933,encouraged employers to band together to set prices and production quotas through industrial codes?

A) The National Industrial Recovery Act
B) The Norris-La Guardia Act
C) The Taft-Hartley Act
D) The Industrial Disputes Act

Question 59

Which of the following is a feature of the American Plan?

A) Employers championed the open shop,to preserve the freedom of employees to refrain from joining unions.
B) The employers were prohibited from using yellow-dog contracts to coerce employees into avoiding union activities.
C) Employers agreed that all employees were to be represented by union officials who were not employed at their plant.
D) Employers were forced to join company unions to ensure continued employment.

Question 60

Which of the following was the primary goal of the IWW?

A) To abolish the wage system
B) To achieve better wages for public employees
C) To achieve better working conditions
D) To usurp management functions

Question 61

Which of the following was a provision of Executive Order 11491?

A) It granted arbitration as a final settlement procedure for grievances.
B) It instituted statutory no-strike provisions for federal government employees.
C) It made it mandatory for professionals in an agency to join a bargaining unit.
D) It did away with the requirement for Landrum-Griffin-type reporting by unions.

Question 62

Which of the following acts established the Federal Labor Relations Authority?

A) The Landrum-Griffin Act
B) The Norris-La Guardia Act
C) The Civil Service Reform Act
D) The Labor Management Relations Act

Question 63

What is meant by uplift unionism?

Question 64

Write a short note on the Knights of Labor.

Question 65

Briefly explain the Norris-La Guardia Act.

Question 66

Why was the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service established?

A) To aid settlement of unresolved contractual disputes
B) To replace collective bargaining in employer-union relations
C) To improve wages through administratively initiated change
D) To make rule-making subject to court review

Question 67

What is meant by the Mohawk Valley formula?

Question 68

Write a brief note on the Danbury Hatters boycott case.

Question 69

Which of the following is a provision of the Taft-Hartley Act?

A) It ended administratively initiated change by the NLRB,and made rule-making subject to court review.
B) It removed restrictions on the length of time that employees could go on strikes.
C) Secondary boycotts to force an employer to cease doing business with others were made legal.
D) It allowed federal employees to strike in certain cases.

Question 70

Define business unionism.

Question 71

Write a short note on the Landrum-Griffin Act.

Question 72

_____ prohibited the insistence upon union membership as a condition of continued employment.

A) Closed shop agreements
B) Recognitional picketing
C) Right-to-work laws
D) The Mohawk Valley formula

Question 73

Which of the following statements is true of the Landrum-Griffin Act?

A) It was also known as the War Labor Disputes Act.
B) It required employers to report financial transactions with unions.
C) It created the Federal Impasse Panel to render binding decisions in negotiations.
D) It also established the Federal Labor Relations Authority.

Question 74

_____ allowed professionals in an agency to decide whether to join a bargaining unit.

A) The Landrum-Griffin Act
B) Executive Order 11616
C) The Taft-Hartley Act
D) Executive Order 10988

Question 75

What were the major duties of the National Labor Relations Board?

Question 76

Which act established the rights of individual union members to freedom of speech,equal voting rights,control of dues increases,and copies of labor agreements under which they worked?

A) The National Industrial Recovery Act
B) The Norris-La Guardia Act
C) The Landrum-Griffin Act
D) The Taft-Hartley Act

Question 77

Which of the following is true of Executive Order 10988?

A) It enabled a majority union to bargain collectively with a government agency.
B) Negotiations were restricted to matters relating to wages.
C) It did away with the requirement for Landrum-Griffin-type reporting by unions.
D) Unions representing employees could advocate strikes or the right to strike.

Question 78

Explain yellow-dog contracts.

Question 79

Briefly explain the concept of exclusive representation established by the Wagner Act.